论著

机械通气危重患者卧位与中心静脉压的关系研究

The relationship between lying angle and central venous pressure in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation

:804-808
 
       目的   探讨机械通气危重患者卧位与中心静脉压(CVP)的关系。方法   选取2022年1月—2024年1月开封市中医院收治的110例机械通气危重患者作为研究对象进行回顾性分析,依照患者不同卧床体位进行分组,分为平卧位组(n=20)、30°卧位组(n=30)、45°卧位组(n=40)、60°卧位组(n=20),分析机械通气危重患者卧位与中心静脉压的关系。结果   不同体位患者呼吸频率(RR)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、平均动脉压(MAP)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同体位患者CVP水平比较差异有统计学意义,平卧位组更高(P<0.05);Spearman相关分析结果表明,RR、HR、SpO2、MAP与体位无相关性(P>0.05),CVP与体位角度呈负相关(P<0.05);体位一直无变化的患者5 min、10 min CVP差值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),5 min内变化体位与5~10 min变化体位患者CVP差值有所变化(P<0.05);CVP水平可随着体位角度增加而降低,随着呼气末正压(PEEP)水平升高而升高(P<0.05)。结论   机械通气危重患者CVP可随着体位及PEEP水平变化而发生改变,因此针对患者监测CVP过程中可尽量让患者保持平卧位5 min后,且确保每次监测过程中PEEP稳定时进行CVP监测,可在监测后再对患者进行体位调整,确保CVP数据准确的同时,提升患者舒适度。
       Objective  To explore the relationship between lying angle and central venous pressure(CVP)in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.Methods  A  retrospective analysis was conducted on 110 critically ill patients with mechanical ventilation admitted to the hospital from January 2022 to January 2024.The patients were divided into three groups based on their different bed positions:supine position group(n=20),30° lying angle group(n=30),45° lying angle groupn=40),and 60° lying angle group(n=20).The relationship between CVP and lying angle of patients were compared.Results  There was no significant difference in respiratory rate(RR),heart rate(HR),blood oxygen saturation(SpO2),and mean arterial pressure(MAP)between patients in different lying angle(P>0.05),and there was a significant difference in CVP among patients in different lying angle.The supine position group had a significantly higher CVP(P<0.05).The Spearman correlation analysis results showed that RR,HR,SpO2,MAP were not significantly correlated with lying angle(P>0.05),while CVP was negatively correlated with body lying angle(P<0.05).There was no significant difference(P>0.05)in CVP between 5 minutes and 10 minutes in patients with no changes in lying angle,while patients with changes in lying angle within 5 minutes and those between 5 minutes and 10 minutes showed significant changes(P<0.05).CVP levels decreased with increasing lying angle and increased with increasing PEEP level(P<0.05).Conclusions  The CVP of critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation can change with lying angle and PEEP level.Therefore,during the monitoring of CVP for patients,it is advisable to keep them in a supine position for 5 minutes and ensure that PEEP is monitored simultaneously during each monitoring process.After monitoring,the patient’s posture can be adjusted to ensure accurate CVP data and improve patient’s comfort level.
论著

钝性分离扩皮法与常规扩皮法在乳腺癌术后患者 PICC 置管中的应用效果

Application effect of blunt separating skin expansion and conventional skin expansion in PICC catheterization for patients with breast cancer after operation

:798-803
 
       目的  对比分析钝性分离扩皮法与常规扩皮法对乳腺癌术后患者经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC)置管应用效果。方法  选取2022年4月—2024年4月在天津肿瘤医院空港医院接受治疗的120例乳腺癌术后PICC置管患者,依据随机数字表法进行分组处理。对照组60例给予常规扩皮法,观察组60例给予钝性分离扩皮法,对比两组患者扩皮结果。结果  观察组患者满意度为96.67%,对照组患者满意度为86.67%(χ 2 =3.927,P=0.048);观察组患者的穿刺点血液浸湿面积分别为穿刺后即刻(0.87±0.14)cm2 、1 d后(4.89±0.94)cm2 以及3 d后(0.21±0.05)cm2 ,均低于对照组的(2.74±0.63)(9.89±2.04)(0.44±0.12)cm2 ,对比差异有统计学意义(t=22.444、17.243、13.704,P<0.05);观察组患者一次性送鞘成功率为98.33%,对照组患者一次性送鞘成功率为88.33%,观察组高于对照组(χ 2 =4.821,P=0.028);扩皮前两组患者的VAS评分无差异(P>0.05),扩皮后两组患者的VAS评分均降低,且观察组(1.75±0.54)分低于对照组(3.89±1.22)分,对比差异有统计学意义(t=12.425,P<0.001);观察组患者不良事件发生率为5.00%,对照组患者不良事件发生率为16.67%,观察组患者不良事件发生率低于对照组(χ 2 =4.227,P<0.05)。结论  钝性分离扩皮法能够降低穿刺点血液浸湿面积及不良事件发生率,提高一次性送鞘成功率,减轻患者疼痛感,提高患者满意度。
       Objective  To analyze the effect of blunt separating skin expansion and conventional skin expansion in PICC catheterization of patients after breast cancer surgery.Methods  From April 2022 to April 2024,120 patients with postoperative PICC catheterization for breast cancer were selected and grouped according to the random number table method.Sixty patients in the control group received conventional skin expansion,and 60 patients in the observation group  received blunt separation skin expansion,which the results of the two groups were compared.Results  The patient satisfaction was 96.67% in the observation group,86.67% in the control group(χ 2 =3.927,P=0.048,P<0.05).In the observation group,the blood immersion area after catheterization,after 1 d and 3 d were(0.87±0.14),(4.89±0.94),(0.21±0.05)cm2 ,lower than those of the control group [(2.74±0.63)(9.89±2.04)(0.44±0.12)cm2 ],the comparative difference was statistically significant(t=22.444,17.243,13.704,P<0.05).The success rate of disposable sheath delivery in the observation group was 98.33%,which was higher than 88.33% in the control group(χ 2 =4.821,P=0.028<0.05).There was no difference in VAS scores between the two groups before the intervention(P>0.05),VAS scores decreased in both groups after the intervention,the score of the observation group(1.75±0.54)was lower than that of the control group(3.89±1.22),the difference was statistically significant(t=12.425,P<0.001).The incidence of adverse events in the observation group was 5.00%,and in the control group was 16.67%,which difference was significant(χ 2 =4.227,P<0.05).Conclusions  Blunt separating skin expansion can  reduce the area of blood immersion and the incidence of adverse events,improve the success rate of disposable sheath delivery,reduce patient pain,improve patient satisfaction,and have significant clinical application value.
论著

节律性听觉刺激对偏瘫患者步行功能的改善

Improvement of walking function in patients with hemiplegia by rhythmic auditory stimulation

:793-797
 
       目的   探讨节律性听觉刺激对偏瘫患者步行功能的改善效果。方法   选择2022年1月—2023年12月河南中医药大学第五临床医学院收治的81例偏瘫患者,使用随机数表法将患者分为两组,对照组41例采取常规康复训练,观察组40例在常规康复训练基础上实施节律性听觉刺激,比较两组康复效果、Fugl-Meyer功能改善评定量表(FMA)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、日常生活自理能力(ADL)、Holden步行能力、“起立-行走”计时测试(TUGT)、步态特征。结果   观察组总有效率为95.00%,高于对照组的75.61%(χ 2 =6.032,P=0.014)。干预后,观察组FMA评分、BBS评分、ADL评分比对照组更高(t=5.564、4.377、4.949,P<0.001)。干预后,观察组Holden步行能力评分比对照组更高,TUGT比对照组更低t=3.953、5.184,P<0.001)。干预后,观察组步长、步频、步速高于对照组(t=5.417、5.514、7.140,P<0.001)。论   偏瘫患者康复训练中实施节律性听觉刺激可提高康复效果,促使肌力改善,恢复正常的上下肢活动功能,提高患者的平衡能力和步行能力。
       Objective  To explore the effect of  rhythmic auditory stimulation on the improvement of walking function in patients with hemiplegia.Methods  A total of 81 patients with hemiplegia admitted to the hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected for the study,and were divided into two groups by random number table method.The control group(41 cases)received routine rehabilitation training,and the observation group(40 cases)received  rhythmic auditory stimulation on the basis of routine rehabilitation training.The rehabilitation effects,Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA),Berg Balance Scale(BBS),Ability of Daily Living(ADL),Holden walking ability,Timed Up and Go Test(TUGT),and gait characteristics were compared between the two groups.Results  The total effective rate of 95.00% in the observation group was significantly higher than 75.61% in the control group(χ 2 =6.032,P=0.014).After treatment,FMA scores,BBS scores and ADL scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(t=5.564,4.377,4.949,P<0.001).After treatment,the observation group had a higher Holden walking ability score and a lower TUGT score than the control group(t=3.953,5.184,P<0.001).After treatment,the step length,step frequency and step speed in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group(t=5.417,5.514,7.140,P<0.001).Conclusions  The implementation of rhythmic auditory stimulation in rehabilitation training of hemiplegia patients can improve the rehabilitation effect,promote the improvement of muscle strength,restore normal activities of upper and lower extremity,improve balance ability and walking ability,which is worth promoting.
论著

泌尿外科达芬奇机器人手术患者术中低体温的影响因素分析

Analysis of influencing factors on hypothermia in patients undergoing da Vinci robotic surgery in urology department

:787-792
 
       目的  探讨泌尿外科达芬奇机器人手术患者术中低体温的影响因素。方法  选取我院2020年12月—2023年12月泌尿外科收治的90例采用达芬奇机器人辅助手术的患者进行回顾性分析。依照术中是否发生低体温分为低体温组n=30)及非低体温组(n=60),对比其基本资料,术前相关基础指标及围术期相关资料,采用Logistics回归模型分析泌尿外科达芬奇机器人手术患者术中低体温的影响因素。结果  低体温组与非低体温组患者性别、疾病类型、美国麻醉师协会(ASA)分级对比无明显差异,低体温组年龄高于非低体温组,体质指数低于非低体温组(P<0.05);低体温组与非低体温组患者术前血红蛋白、舒张压、收缩压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、空腹血糖、肌酐对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),低体温组术前白蛋白水平低于非低体温组(P<0.05);低体温组与非低体温组患者麻醉方式、气腹时间、入室时体温、入室时平均动脉压、术中出血量对比无明显差异,低体温组麻醉总时间、手术时间、入室时心率、术中输液量高于非低体温组,术中保温措施持续时间低于非低体温组(P<0.05);术前白蛋白、麻醉总时间、手术时间、术中输液量、术中保温措施持续时间为泌尿外科达芬奇机器人手术患者术中低体温的影响因素P<0.05)。结论  泌尿外科达芬奇机器人手术患者术中低体温的发生可能受患者术前白蛋白水平、麻醉总时间、手术时间、术中输液量及术中保温措施持续时间影响,因此需针对上述术中低体温高风险患者增加干预评估,并制定针对性干预措施,预防患者术中低体温的发生。
       Objective  To explore the influencing factors of hypothermia in patients undergoing da Vinci  robotic surgery in urology department.Methods  A  retrospective analysis was conducted on 90 patients who underwent da Vinci  robot assisted surgery in the urology department of our hospital from December 2020 to December 2023.According to whether  hypothermia occurred during surgery,patients were divided into a hypothermia group(n=30)and a non hypothermia group(n=60),and their basic data,preoperative related basic indicators,and perioperative related data were compared.A logistics  regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of hypothermia in patients undergoing da Vinci robotic surgery.Results  There were no significant differences in gender,disease type,and ASA grading between the hypothermia group and the non hypothermia group.The age of the hypothermia group was higher than that of the non hypothermia group,and the body mass index was lower than that of the non hypothermia group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in preoperative hemoglobin,diastolic blood pressure,systolic blood pressure,low-density lipoprotein,high-density lipoprotein,total cholesterol,triglycerides,fasting blood glucose,and creatinine between the hypothermia group and the non hypothermia group.The preoperative albumin level in the hypothermia group was lower than that in the non hypothermia group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in anesthesia method,pneumoperitoneum time,temperature at entry,mean arterial pressure at entry,and intraoperative blood loss between the hypothermia group and the non hypothermia group.The total anesthesia time,surgical time,heart rate at entry,and intraoperative infusion volume were higher in the hypothermia group than in the non hypothermia group,and the duration of intraoperative insulation measures was lower in the hypothermia group than in the non hypothermia group(P<0.05).Preoperative albumin,total anesthesia time,surgery time,intraoperative infusion volume,and duration of intraoperative insulation measures were independent influencing factors of intraoperative hypothermia in patients undergoing da Vinci robotic surgery(P<0.05).Conclusions  The occurrence of hypothermia in patients undergoing da Vinci robotic surgery in urology may be affected by preoperative albumin levels,total anesthesia time,surgery time,intraoperative infusion volume,and duration of intraoperative insulation measures.Therefore,it is necessary to increase nursing evaluation for high-risk patients with hypothermia during surgery and develop targeted intervention measures to prevent the occurrence of hypothermia in patients.
论著

免疫联合化疗对晚期 NSCLC 患者淋巴细胞免疫及生活质量的影响

Effect of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy on lymphocyte immunity and quality of life in patients with advanced NSCLC

:760-765
 
       目的   探讨免疫治疗联合化学治疗(化疗)对晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者淋巴免疫及生活质量的影响,为临床进一步治疗提供参考。  选择2021年6月—2023年6月天津市滨海新区大港医院收治的晚期NSCLC患者120例进行研究,按抽签法分为干预组及对照组,每组60例,对照组采取单纯化疗方案,干预组采取免疫联合化疗方案,对比两组临床疗效、药物不良反应,治疗前后免疫功能(CD3+ 、CD4+ 、CD8+ )、糖类抗原199(CA199)、糖类抗原 125(CA125)、血清癌胚抗原(CEA)水平及健康状态调查表(QOL)评分。结果  干预组患者治疗总有效率高于对照组(68.33%>41.67%,P<0.05);治疗后干预组患者CD3+ 、CD4+ 比例高于治疗前及对照组治疗后,CD8+ 比例低于治疗前及对照组治疗后(P<0.05);治疗后干预组血清CA199、CA125、CEA水平均低于治疗前及对照组治疗后(P<0.05);干预组药物不良反应发生率为16.67%,对照组为36.67%,干预组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后干预组QOL各维度评分高于对照组及治疗前(P<0.05)。结论  与单纯化疗相比,免疫联合化疗治疗晚期NSCLC患者,能有效降低肿瘤标志物水平,改善患者免疫指标,减轻药物不良反应,提高患者疗效及生活质量。
       Objective  To explore the effect of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy on lymphatic immunity and quality of life of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),and to provide reference for further clinical treatment.Methods  A total of 120 patients with NSCLC from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected and divided into observation group and control group evenly according to the method of drawing lots,control group was treated with chemotherapy,the observation group was treated with immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy,and the clinical efficacy and adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups.Before and after treatment,immune function(CD3+ ,CD4+ ,CD8+ ),carbohydrate antigen 199(CA199),carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125),serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)levels and health status questionnaire(QOL-RRB- scores)were measured.Results The total effective  rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(68.33%>41.67%,P<0.05).After treatment,the ratios of CD3+  and CD4+  in the observation group were significantly higher than those before treatment and control group after treatment,and the ratio of CD8+  was significantly lower than that before and after treatment in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the serum levels of CA199,CA125 and CEA in the observation group were lower than those before and after treatment in the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse drug  reactions was 16.67% in the observation group and 36.67% in the control group,which was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the QOL scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group and before treatment(P<0.05).Conclusions  Compared with chemotherapy alone,immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy can effectively reduce the levels of tumor markers,improve the immune indexes of patients,reduce the adverse drug reactions,and improve the efficacy and quality of life of patients with advanced NSCLC.
论著

心脏瓣膜置换术后患者异常出血的判断与处理

Diagnosis and management of abnormal bleeding in patients after heart valve replacement surgery

:754-759
 
      目的  探讨心脏瓣膜置换术后患者异常出血的判断与处理。方法  选取2020年1月—2024年5月广州医科大学附属第一医院收治的30例心脏瓣膜置换术后异常出血的患者,将其纳入观察组,另选取同期收治的200例心脏瓣膜置换术后未出现异常出血的患者为对照组。对比两组患者预后情况和两组患者舒张压、收缩压、心率、术后3 h内引流量相关异常出血判断相关指标情况。采用Logistics回归模型分析心脏瓣膜置换术后患者异常出血的影响因素。结果   观察组住院时间、左心室射血分数(LVEF)水平高于对照组,左室舒张末期内径低于对照组,且观察组术后感染、心律失常、低心排综合征发生率高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后舒张压、收缩压、心率及术后3 h内引流量高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组与对照组患者吸烟史、合并糖尿病、抗凝依从性比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);吸烟史、抗凝依从性为心脏瓣膜置换术后患者异常出血的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论  心脏瓣膜置换术后患者异常出血的发生可严重影响患者预后水平,增加患者并发症发生率,影响心功能恢复,通过舒张压、收缩压、心率及术后3 h内引流量可为异常出血的判断提供参考意见。另外,吸烟史、抗凝依从性为心脏瓣膜置换术后患者异常出血的独立影响因素,因此对异常出血患者进行常规治疗的同时要密切监测患者危险因素,实施科学的护理干预,改善患者抗凝依从性,降低异常出血发生率。
       Objective  To explore the  diagnosis and management of abnormal  bleeding in  patients after  heart valve replacement surgery.Methods  Thirty patients with abnormal bleeding after heart valve  replacement surgery admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2020 to May 2024 were  retrospectively analyzed and divided into an observation group.In addition,200 patients who did not experience abnormal bleeding after heart valve  replacement surgery admitted during the same period were selected as the control group.Prognosis of two groups of patients were compared,and the related indicators of diastolic blood pressure,systolic blood pressure,heart rate,and abnormal bleeding  related to drainage flow within 3 hours after surgery were evaluated.Finally,the logistic  regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of abnormal bleeding in patients after heart valve replacement.Results  The length of hospital stay and left ventricular ejection fractionin the observation group were higher than those in the control group,and the left ventricular end diastolic diameter was lower in the observation group than in the control group,and the incidence of postoperative infection,arrhythmia,and low cardiac output syndrome was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The postoperative diastolic blood pressure,systolic blood pressure,heart rate,and drainage volume within 3 hours in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The smoking history,diabetes,and anticoagulation compliance were different between the observation and control groups(P<0.05).A history of smoking and adherence to anticoagulation were independent influencing factors for abnormal bleeding in patients after heart valve replacement(P<0.05).Conclusions  The occurrence of abnormal bleeding in patients after heart valve replacement can greartly affect the patient’s prognosis,increase the incidence of complications,and affect cardiac function recovery.Reference opinions can be provided for the diagnosis of abnormal bleeding based on diastolic blood pressure,systolic blood pressure,heart rate,and postoperative drainage volume within three hours.In addition,a history of smoking and adherence to anticoagulation are independent influencing factors for abnormal bleeding in patients after heart valve replacement.Therefore,while routine treatment is performed on patients with abnormal bleeding,close monitoring of patient  risk factors is necessary,scientific nursing interventions should be implemented to improve patient adherence to anticoagulation and reduce the incidence of abnormal bleeding.
学术前沿

戊型肝炎病毒感染诊疗的研究进展

Research progress on diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis E virus infection

:735-745
 
       戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)是导致急性肝炎的重要病原体,部分HEV感染者可进展为肝衰竭,此外,慢性感染和肝外表现可也在HEV感染者中发生。全球每年感染HEV的患者数达2000万,其中330万例患者有肝炎相关的临床症状,年死亡例数约为4.4万(2015年数据)。在我国,HEV以散发流行为主。近年来由于对其研究的重视,HEV病原学、流行病学、临床诊疗和预防取得较大的进展,文章拟对目前HEV防治热点以及新进展进行总结和分析。
       Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is an important pathogen that causes acute hepatitis.Some HEV-infected individuals 
may progress to liver failure.In addition,chronic infection(including liver fibrosis and cirrhosis)and extrahepatic manifestations can also occur in HEV infection.Worldwide,there are 20 million cases of HEV infection each year,with  3.3 million cases presenting clinical symptoms related to hepatitis,and an annual death toll of approximately 44,000(data from 2015).In China,HEV mainly present as sporadic outbreaks.In recent years,there has been significant progress in the pathogenesis,epidemiology,clinical diagnosis and treatment,and prevention of HEV.This review aims to summarize and analyze the current hotspots and new developments in the prevention and treatment of HEV.
专家述评

焦虑症与抑制性神经元功能:小清蛋白神经元的作用

The role of parvalbumin positive inhibitory neurons in anxiety disorders

:723-734
 
       焦虑症是最常见的精神障碍,区别于生理性焦虑,患者常表现出持续的焦虑状态。越来越多证据表明,抑制性神经元参与生理性焦虑的产生和消退,而这类神经元功能异常与焦虑症的发生密切相关。小清蛋白(PV)神经元是一类主要的抑制性中间神经元,广泛分布于大脑皮质和其他脑区,并且具有独特形态和功能。PV神经元可通过快速放电活动精确控制局部微环路和大脑网络活动,进而调控焦虑发生。文章综述PV神经元如何介导生理性焦虑及其功能异常及如何导致焦虑症的产生,重点介绍了PV神经元的解剖和功能特性,这些特性使它们拥有快速和强力的抑制作用,能够快速调控神经网络活动,和PV神经元以及相关的神经环路调控焦虑发生的环路机制,以及PV神经元调控焦虑发生的分子机制,并展望未来的研究方向,以期为开发新的焦虑症干预策略提供科学依据。
       Anxiety disorders,distinct from physiological anxiety,are characterized by a chronic and pervasive state of heightened anxiety and represent the most common mental diseases.Emerging evidence implicates inhibitory neurons in both the generation and extinction of physiological anxiety,with dysfunction in these neurons strongly associated with the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders.Among inhibitory neurons,parvalbumin(PV)-positive interneuron,a key subset with unique morphological and functional characteristics,are widely distributed across the cerebral cortex and various brain regions.These neurons exert rapid,potent inhibitory control over local microcircuits and broader neural networks through their fast-spiking activity,making them integral to the regulation of anxiety-related behaviors.This review highlights three key aspects:the anatomical and functional properties of PV neurons;their role in circuit mechanisms;the molecular pathways by which PV neurons regulate anxiety.By elucidating the role of PV neurons in modulating physiological anxiety and highlighting their dysfunction in anxiety disorders,this review aims to inform future research and foster the development of novel therapeutic interventions for anxiety disorders.
护理研究

德尔菲法构建痴呆照护人员能力指标体系

System of indicators of capability for dementia caregivers under Delphi method

:706-716
 
       目的   构建痴呆照护人员能力指标体系。方法   通过文献回顾和实况调查初步拟定养老机构痴呆照护人员能力指标体系,采用德尔菲法逐步筛选确定最终所纳入指标。结果   两轮专家函询问卷回收率均为100%,专家权威系数第一轮为0.93、第二轮为0.92,专家协调度好。最终形成包括初级照护人员一级指标8项,二级指标21项;中级照护人员一级指标12项,二级指标46项;高级照护人员一级指标13项,二级指标56项的痴呆照护人员能力指标体系。结论   本研究构建的痴呆照护人员能力指标体系具有较好的科学性、可靠性、实用性和指导性,为痴呆照护人员能力培训及技能考核提供依据。
       Objective  To construct the system of indicators of capability for dementia caregivers.Methods  Through literature review and survey,the system of indicators of capability of dementia caregivers in nursing homes was initially formulated,and the Delphi method was used to gradually screen and determine the final included indicators.Results  The recovery rate of the two rounds of expert letter inquiries was 100%.The expert authority coefficient was 0.93 in the first round and 0.92 in the second round.The coordination of experts was good.The final indicators of capability system for dementia caregivers included 8 first-level indicators and 21 second-level indicators for primary caregivers,12 first-level indicators and 46 second-level indicators for secondary caregivers,and 13 first-level indicators and 56 second-level indicators for senior caregivers.Conclusions  The indicators of capability system for dementia caregivers constructed in this study has good scientificity,reliability,practicality and guidance,which provides a basis for the ability training and skill assessment of dementia caregivers.
护理研究

叙事护理在老年疼痛患者中的应用

Application of narrative nursing in elderly patients with pain

:701-705
 
       目的   探讨叙事护理在老年疼痛患者中的应用效果。方法   根据随机数字表法将84例于2020年12月—2023年12月中国人民解放军南部战区总医院收治的患有恶性肿瘤的老年疼痛患者分为接受常规干预的对照组(n=42)和接受叙事护理的观察组(n=42),比较两组疼痛情况、负性情绪、睡眠状况及自我效能。结果   观察组在干预2、4、6、8周后疼痛数字分级评分分别为(5.02±1.07)(4.26±0.76)(3.58±0.65)(2.92±0.41)分,均低于对照组(t分别为2.126、2.419、3.232、2.545,P均<0.05);干预2个月后,观察组焦虑、抑郁自评量表评分、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数分别为(41.27±2.28)(42.47±3.19)(5.13±1.46)分,均低于对照组(t分别为11.795、9.669、3.579,P均<0.05),一般自我效能量表评分为(21.72±4.13)分,高于对照组(t=5.834,P<0.05)。结论   叙事护理可有效控制老年癌性疼痛患者的疼痛,显著改善负性情绪和睡眠状况,有利于自我效能的提升。
       Objective  To explore the application effect of narrative nursing in elderly patients with pain.Methods  From December 2020 to December 2023,84 elderly patients with malignant tumor in the General Hospital of the Southern Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army of China were randomly divided into control group(n=42)receiving  routine intervention and observation group(n=42)receiving narrative nursing.Results The pain digital grading scores of the observation group at 2 weeks,4 weeks,6 weeks and 8 weeks after intervention were(5.02±1.07),(4.26±0.76),(3.58±0.65)and(2.92±0.41),which were lower than the control group(t=2.126,2.419,3.232,2.545,all P<0.05).After 2 months of intervention,the scores of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,Self-Rating Depression Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in the observation group were(41.27±2.28),(42.47±3.19)and(5.13±1.46),which were lower than the control group(t=11.795,9.669,3.579,P<0.05).The score of general self-efficacy scale was(21.72±4.13),which was higher than the control group(t=5.834,P<0.05).Conclusions  Narrative nursing can effectively control the pain of elderly patients with cancer pain,significantly improve negative emotions and sleep status,and is conducive to the improvement of self-efficacy.
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