嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T细胞疗法在血液系统恶性肿瘤中疗效显著，但在实体瘤应用中面临肿瘤异质性、免疫抑制微环境和在靶脱瘤毒性等挑战。合成Notch受体（synNotch）作为一种模块化的跨膜信号传导工具，通过将抗原识别与定制化的转录激活程序人工耦联，赋予T细胞整合多重信号、执行布尔逻辑运算的能力。将synNotch与CAR等效应模块结合，可构建“与”、“非”、“或”等逻辑门控回路，可实现对肿瘤微环境的精确识别与响应，极大提升CAR-T细胞的靶向特异性。本文系统综述了synNotch受体的结构演进与逻辑门控设计原理；重点阐明了其在提升细胞疗法靶向特异性、克服实体瘤抗原异质性、动态调控肿瘤微环境以及扩展至其他免疫细胞工程化领域的最新应用进展，并探讨了当前该技术在载体系统构建、受体信噪比优化等方面面临的挑战及未来的发展方向。

   Chimeric antigen receptor（CAR）T-cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in hematological malignancies；however，its application in solid tumors is confronted with significant challenges，including tumor heterogeneity，the immunosuppressive microenvironment，and on-target off-tumor toxicity．As a highly modular transmembrane signal transduction tool，the synthetic Notch（synNotch）receptor innovatively links antigen recognition with customized transcriptional activation programs，thereby empowering T cells with the capacity to integrate multiple signals and perform Boolean logic operations．By combining synNotch with effector modules such as CARs，logic-gated circuits，including AND，NOT，and OR gates，can be constructed，which enables precise discrimination of and response to the tumor microenvironment，substantially enhancing the targeting specificity of CAR-T cells．This review systematically summarizes the structural evolution of synNotch receptors and the principles of logic-gated design．Furthermore，it highlights recent advances in their application for enhancing the targeting specificity of cell-based therapies，overcoming solid tumor antigen heterogeneity，dynamically regulating the tumor microenvironment，and extending to the engineering of other immune cell types．Finally，we discuss current challenges，such as the construction of vector systems and the optimization of receptor signal-to-noise ratios，as well as future directions for this technology．