目的 研究羽毛球颠球运动对低年级小学生近视的改善效果,为制定儿童青少年近视干预方案提供依据。方法 采用方便抽样方法,抽取广州市1个城区1所小学三年级4个班共182名学生作为研究对象。基线调查完成后,以班为单位,采用随机数字表法将4个班分为干预组(2个班,91例)和对照组(2个班,91例),干预组安排羽毛球颠球项目体育活动,对照组按原教学计划安排非球类常规体育活动。比较两组干预前后筛查性近视率、视力不良率和近视进展程度。结果 干预前两组的年龄、性别、筛查性近视率、视力不良率及近视分级比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组干预后的等效球镜度数(SE)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组干预后的裸眼远视力(UDVA)低于干预组,△UDVA、△SE均高于干预组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组新发筛查性近视率29.13%、累积筛查性近视率49.45%、累积视力不良率68.13%及近视进展程度,均高于干预组新发筛查性近视率7.69%、累积筛查性近视率34.07%、累积视力不良率52.74%及近视进展程度,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 羽毛球颠球运动能降低低年级小学生视力不良进展速度,减少近视的发生率及近视程度,学校可结合引起近视的因素进行灵活应用,以预防近视的发生发展。
Objective To study the impact of badminton juggling on the myopia of lower-grade primary school students and to provide a basis for developing myopia intervention strategies for children and adolescents.Methods By using the convenience sampling method,182 third-grade students from four classes in a primary school in a district of Guangzhou were selected as subjects.After completing the baseline survey,the four classes were divided into an intervention group(2 classes,91 students)and a control group(2 classes,91 students)using a random number table.The intervention group was arranged to participate in badminton juggling sports activities,while the control group followed the original teaching plan without ball games.The study compared the screening rate of myopia,the rate of poor vision,and the degree of myopia progression before and after the study in both groups.Results On baseline,there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age,gender,rate of screening myopia,poor vision,and myopia grading(P>0.05).After 12 months,there was no statistically significant difference in the spherical equivalent(SE) comparison between the two groups(P>0.05).However,the uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA) of the control group after 12 months was significantly lower than that of the intervention group,and both △UDVA and △SE were significantly higher than those of the intervention group,with all differences being statistically significant(P<0.05).Incidence of screening myopia in the control group (29.13%),the cumulative rate of screening myopia(49.45%),the cumulative rate of poor vision (68.13%),and the degree of myopia progression was significantly higher than those in the intervention group,which had incidence of screening myopia at 7.69%,the cumulative rate of screening myopia at 34.07%,cumulative rate of poor vision at 52.74%.All these differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions Badminton juggling can slow down vision deterioration,reduce the incidence and severity of myopia in lower grade primary school students.Schools can flexibly apply these findings in conjunction with factors that contribute to myopia to prevent its occurrence and development.
目的 分析高原地区3~6年级学生屈光状态及屈光参数之间的关系。方法 2023年9月,采用随机抽样方法选取林芝市波密县某两所小学3~6年级535名学生进行校园筛查。计算并记录裸眼远视力(UCVA),非睫状肌麻痹电脑验光下散光及其轴位、等效球镜(SE)、眼轴(AL)、角膜曲率半径(CR)和眼轴/角膜曲率半径轴率比(AL/CR)。采用SPSS 22.00统计软件分析数据。结果 3~6年级学生AL和AL/CR大体趋势为随年级升高而增长,SE随年级升高而降低。3~6年级学生总体筛查性近视患病率为29.91%,且3~6年级筛查性近视患病率分别为20.35%、25.53%、30.53%和51.38%。总体散光患病率为51.59%,其中顺规散光、逆规散光及斜轴散光分别占90.22%、7.61%及2.17%。视力不良者约40.37%。以非睫状肌麻痹验光SE≤-0.50 D同时UCVA<5.0作为筛查性近视的诊断,AL/CR诊断筛查性近视的灵敏度为0.656、特异度为0.887和Youden指数为0.534,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.802,优于AL评估(AUC=0.764)。结论 高原地区3~6年级学生的筛查性近视患病率随年级升高而快速增长,且散光患病率较高,视力不良者较多。AL/CR值对筛查性近视监测具有一定的临床意义。
Objective To analyze the relationship between refractive status and refractive parameters of students in grades three-six in plateau area.Methods In September,2023,a random sampling method was used to select 535 students from grades three-six of two primary schools in Bomi County,Nyingchi City,for school screening.Distance uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA),astigmatism and its axis position,equivalent spherical(SE),axial length(AL),corneal radius(CR),and axial length/corneal radius ratio(AL/CR)were calculated and recorded.The data was analyzed using the statistical software SPSS 22.00.Results The general trend of AL and AL/CR for grade three-six students was increased with grade increasing,while SE decreased with grade increasing.The overall prevalence of screening myopia was 29.91%,and the prevalence of screening myopia in grades three to six was 20.35%,25.53%,30.53% and 51.38%,respectively.The overall prevalence rate of astigmatism was 51.59%,including 90.22%,7.61% and 2.17% for astigmatism with the rule,astigmatism against the rule and oblique astigmatism,respectively.About 40.37% of the students had poor vision.Screening myopia was diagnosed using non-cycloplegic optometry with SE ≤-0.50 D combined with UCVA<5.0.The sensitivity and specificity of AL/CR for screening myopia were 0.656 and 0.887,respectively,with a Youden index of 0.534 and an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.802.This was superior to the AL evaluation,which had an AUC of 0.764.Conclusions The prevalence of screening myopia increased rapidly with the increase of grade in grade 3 to 6 in plateau area.And there were high prevalence of astigmatism and more poor vision.AL/CR value has a certain clinical significance in the monitoring of screening myopia.
近年来,人工智能技术(AI)的发展正在逐渐改变传统的医疗行业,机器学习作为人工智能技术中的主流被越来越多地应用于分析复杂的医学数据,为疾病的诊断、预后风险评估、诊疗决策的制定等方面提供了便利。文章对国内外机器学习算法在术后谵妄中的应用进行综述,以期为术后谵妄预测模型的构建提供新的思路,为临床早期评估术后谵妄提供新的依据。
In recent years,the development of artificial intelligence(AI)is gradually changing the traditional medical industry.Machine learning,as the mainstream of artificial intelligence technology,is increasingly applied to analyze complex data in medical research.It provides convenience for disease diagnosis,risk assessment and diagnosis and treatment decision making.This paper reviews the application of machine learning algorithms in postoperative delirium at home and abroad,in order to provide a new idea for the construction of postoperative delirium prediction model and a new basis for early clinical evaluation of postoperative delirium.
CCAAT增强子结合蛋白A(CEBPA)是调节血液发育过程中髓系分化和造血干祖细胞活性的关键转录因子之一。CEBPA基因突变常见于急性髓系白血病(AML)中,最近研究表明CEBPA bZIP框内单位点和经典双等位基因突变AML患者均具有类似的临床特征,已被单独划分为AML亚群。CEBPA bZIP框内突变而非传统的双等位CEBPA基因突变成为AML良好预后的分子指标,表明其在AML疾病进展和治疗预后中的重要性和特殊性。本文将从CEBPA蛋白在血液系统中的功能、CEBPA bZIP框内突变AML的临床特征与分子作用机制、以及伴CEBPA突变AML的治疗现状等方面进行综述,为进一步研究CEBPA bZIP框内突变在AML中的致病性和精准治疗新药物开发提供参考。
CAAT enhancer-binding protein A(CEBPA)is one of the key transcription factors regulating myeloid differentiation and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell maintenance during hematopoiesis.CEBPA gene mutations are commonly found in acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Recent studies have demonstrated that AML patients haboring single CEBPA bZIP in-frame mutations or classical bi-allelic CEBPA mutations show similar clinical features and it has been individually classified as AML subgroup.Additionally,it is CEBPA bZIP in-frame mutations rather than the traditional biallelic CEBPA mutations that have emerged as a molecular indicator of favorable prognosis for clinical AML management,suggesting its importance and specificity in AML disease progression and therapeutic prognosis.Here,we reviewed serval aspects including the hematopoietic function of CEBPA protein,the clinical features and molecular mechanisms of AML with CEBPA bZIP in-frame mutations,and the current status of the treatment of AML with CEBPA mutations,which will provide a reference for further study of the pathogenicity of CEBPA bZIP in-frame mutations in AML and the development of new drugs for precision therapy.
目的 总结女性生殖系统中恶性中胚叶混合瘤(MMMT)的临床病理特征及预后,分析P53及错配修复蛋白与MMMT发病之间的关系。方法 收集大理大学第一附属医院2015年9月—2022年9月15例经手术切除病理诊断为MMMT的病例,总结临床病理特点、免疫表型(P53、错配修复蛋白等)、治疗方案并随访。结果 15例MMMT原发于子宫10例,卵巢5例。发病年龄范围49~76岁,平均年龄60岁,中位年龄58岁。临床表现为阴道流血或流液,伴或不伴腹痛或盆腔包块。镜下肿瘤均由不同比例的恶性上皮和间叶源性肿瘤构成,P53野生型12例,突变型3例;错配修复蛋白(MSH6、MSH2、MLH1、PMS2)检测存在缺失的有4例。15例患者中均行手术治疗,12例行盆腔淋巴结清扫术,术后辅以放化疗。随访失访2例,死亡4例,复发6例,3例术后无复发和转移。结论 恶性中胚叶混合瘤临床少见,恶性程度高,病理诊断上存在困难,需要辅以免疫组织化学染色,P53及错配修复蛋白缺失与MMMT的发生存在一定关系。治疗上需要手术切除,辅以放化疗。
Objective To summarize the clinical and pathological characteristics and prognosis of malignant mesodermal mixed tumor(MMMT)in the female reproductive system,and analyze the relationship between P53 and mismatch repair proteins and the onset of MMMT.Methods A total of 15 cases diagnosed with MMMT after surgical resection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University from September 2015 to September 2022 were collected.The clinical and pathological characteristics,immune phenotype(P53,mismatch repair protein,etc. ),treatment plan were summarized.And the patients were followed-up.Results Ten of 15 cases of MMMT were primary in the uterus and 5 of 10 in the ovaries.The age range of onset was 49 to 76 years old,with an average age of 60 and a median age of 58.Clinical manifestations included vaginal bleeding or fluid discharge,with or without abdominal pain or pelvic masses.Under the microscope,all tumors were composed of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal tumors in different proportions,with 12 cases of P53 wild-type and 3 cases of mutant type.There were 4 cases of missing mismatch repair proteins(MSH6,MSH2,MLH1,PMS2)detected.Among the 15 patients,all underwent surgical treatment,and 12 underwent pelvic lymph node dissection with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Two cases were lost to follow-up,four cases died,six cases recurred,and three cases had no recurrence or metastasis after surgery.Conclusions MMMT are rare in clinical practice,with high malignancy and poor prognosis.Pathological diagnosis is difficult,and immunohistochemical staining is needed.The absence of P53 and mismatch repair protein is related to the occurrence of MMMT. Surgical resection is required for treatment,supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
目的 旨在通过实证了解广东省青年中医人才岗位胜任力现状,探讨青年中医人才岗位胜任力素质特征,为青年中医人才培养提供策略。方法 通过专家咨询制定《青年中医人才岗位胜任力评价框架》并开展问卷调查,采用SPSS 26.0进行数据分析。结果 构建了包含8个一级指标、76个二级指标的《青年中医人才岗位胜任力评价框架》;广东省青年中医人才岗位胜任力自评总分整体处于及格以上水平。女性在职业价值和职业素养、临床技能、交流与沟通技能、管理能力和团队合作、批判性思维与学术科研能力的评分高于男性;不同职称在其他附加维度的评分比较具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论 构建的评价框架能够有效评估青年中医人才岗位胜任力;广东省青年中医人才岗位胜任力整体处于及格水平,需重视补强短板;女性青年中医人才岗位胜任力多个维度的得分优于男性,着重提升各人群的弱项维度岗位胜任力;进一步建立健全职称评聘制度,以破五唯为导向构建符合不同级别职称的青年中医人才评价机制。
Objective To understand the current job competence status of young TCM talents in Guangdong Province through empirical research,to explore the characteristics of job competence and quality of young TCM talents,providing strategy for cultivating young talents in TCM.Methods The “Competency Evaluation Framework for Young TCM Talents” was developed through expert consultation and a questionnaire survey was conducted.SPSS 26.0 was used for data analysis.Results “Job Competency Evaluation Framework for Young TCM Talents” was constructed,which included 8 primary indicator items and 76 secondary indicator items.The overall self-evaluation score of the overall job competence of young TCM talents in this study was above the passing level.Female score was higher than male in terms of professional value and professional ethics,clinical skills,communication and interpersonal skills,management ability and teamwork,critical thinking and academic research ability.There were statistically significant differences in the scores of different job titles in other additional dimensions(P<0.05).Conclusions The constructed evaluation framework can effectively assess the job competence of young TCM talents.The overall competence of young TCM talents in Guangdong Province is at a passing level,and attention should paid to strengthening their weaknesses.Female young TCM talents have better multidimensional scores in job competence than males,and efforts should be made to focus on improving the weak dimensional job competence of various groups of people.The professional title evaluation and appointment system needs to be established and improved.A talent evaluation mechanism should be built for young TCM talents that meets different levels of professional titles,guided by the principle of breaking the five criteria.
结直肠癌(CRC)是全球第三大最常见的癌症,也是癌症相关死亡的第二大常见原因。结直肠癌肝转移(CRLM)是导致CRC患者死亡的主要原因,根治性肝切除术是目前有望治愈CRLM的唯一途径,但大部分患者不能进行根治性肝切除术。通过早期发现并进行针对性干预,能够改善患者的治疗效果及预后。文章通过综述CRLM的发病机制、诊疗现状及最新纳米诊疗方法,为深入探索高效诊疗方法提供思路。
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide.Colorectal cancer liver metastases(CRLM)are the leading cause of death in patients with CRC.Radical hepatectomy is the only way to cure CRLM so far,while most patients cannot undergo radical hepatectomy.CRLM treatment efficacy and prognosis can be improved by early diagnosis and specialized intervention.This paper reviews the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment status of CRLM and the latest nano-diagnosis and treatment methods so as to provide ideas for in-depth exploration of efficient diagnosis and treatment methods.
炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种以反复腹痛、腹泻、血便和体重降低为主要表现的慢性特发性性疾病,主要分为溃疡性结肠炎与克罗恩病两种类型。近年来,IBD的患病率随着城市化和工业化进展迅速升高,给中国和全球的公共健康带来沉重的负担。随着人类基因组技术的发展,越来越多的证据表明,遗传学因素在IBD发病过程中起着不可或缺的作用。在亚欧人群中,通过大规模全基因组关联研究现已明确了320个IBD易感基因位点。IBD易感基因在影响机体的细胞代谢、免疫功能调节、肠道上皮屏障和微生物清除等多个方面发挥着重要作用。本文就IBD相关易感基因及其多态性的研究进展进行综述,从基因层面揭示IBD发病的分子机制,并对探索IBD因人而异的个性化治疗方案提供帮助。
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic idiopathic disease characterized by recurrent abdominal pain,diarrhea,bloody stools,and weight loss.Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease represent the two main types of IBD.In recent years,the prevalence of IBD has increased rapidly with the advancement of industrialization,imposing a heavy burden on public health in China and globally.Currently,with the development of genomics,a growing body of evidence suggests that genetic factors play an indispensable role in the pathogenesis of IBD.In the Eurasian population,320 IBD susceptibility gene loci have been identified through large-scale genome-wide association studies.IBD susceptibility genes play a crucial role in various aspects affecting cellular metabolism,immune function regulation,intestinal epithelial barrier,and microbial clearance.This article reviews the susceptibility genes and their polymorphisms associated with IBD,revealing the molecule mechanisms of IBD from gene perspectives and contributing to the development of personalized treatment strategies tailored to individual IBD patients.
嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)作为过敏反应中关键的先天免疫细胞,在心血管疾病的发生与发展进程中也扮演着至关重要的角色。大量证据显示,血液EOS计数与诸多心血管疾病之间存在紧密联系,但临床研究得出的结论不尽相同。基础研究发现,EOS一方面可通过释放白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、IL-13及阳离子蛋白等细胞因子,对心肌梗死、心肌肥厚、心力衰竭或腹主动脉瘤发挥保护作用;另一方面,EOS表达的阳离子蛋白和血小板活化因子会促进平滑肌细胞增殖和钙化,进而加速动脉粥样硬化的形成。因此,EOS在不同心血管疾病中所发挥的作用存在差异,这与疾病的演变进程、EOS的数量均密切相关。本文对现有的临床和基础研究成果进行汇总,阐述EOS在各类心血管疾病中的不同作用。
Eosinophils(EOS),as key innate immune cells in allergic reactions,play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases.Ample evidence shows that the count of blood EOS is closely related to many cardiovascular diseases.However,the conclusions drawn from clinical studies are inconsistent,and these contradictory observational results still cannot be reasonably explained so far.Basic research has found that,on the one hand,EOS can exert protective effects on myocardial infarction,myocardial hypertrophy,heart failure,or abdominal aortic aneurysm by releasing cytokines such as interleukin-4(IL-4),IL-13,and cationic proteins;on the other hand,the cationic proteins and platelet activating factors expressed by EOS can promote the proliferation and calcification of smooth muscle cells,thereby accelerating the formation of atherosclerosis.Therefore,the roles played by EOS in different cardiovascular diseases vary,which is closely related to the evolution process of the disease and the number of EOS.This article will summarize the existing clinical and basic research results to elaborate the different roles of EOS in various cardiovascular diseases.
人工智能(AI)这一新兴技术的出现和应用给炎症性肠病(IBD)的诊断带来了巨大的变革。越来越多的研究着手于开发基于机器学习(ML)和深度学习(DL)的诊断模型,并获得了良好的诊断性能,尤其是在IBD的图像诊断,卷积神经网络(CNN)等模型由于其出色的图像分析能力,在内镜检查和组织病理检查等方面具有十分可观的发展前景。近年来AI诊断模型的应用越发广泛,但与此同时,关于算法、数据库及其应用方面仍存在一些难以忽视的局限性。本文将主要就图像识别方面对AI在IBD诊断中的应用进行综述,以期为IBD精准图像诊断领域下步研究提供参考。
As an emerging technology,artificial intelligence(AI)has brought great changes to the precise diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).More and more researches have developed diagnostic models which are based on machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)and obtained satisfactory diagnostic performance.Especially in the image diagnosis of IBD,convolutional neural network(CNN)and other models have considerable development prospects in endoscopy and histopathology due to their excellent image analysis capabilities.In recent years,the application of AI diagnostic models has become more and more widespread,but at the same time,there are still some limitations about algorithms,databases and their applications that cannot be ignored.This review mainly focused on the application of AI in IBD diagnosis from the aspect of image recognition,to provide a reference for IBD diagnosis towards precision medicine.
传统的结肠镜检查质量评估方式具有主观性强、费时费力等缺点。近年来,人工智能(AI)技术在结肠镜检查质量控制方面展现出客观性、即时性、全面性等优势,具有广阔的应用前景。文章全面探讨了AI在结肠镜检查质量控制中的多个应用场景,包括评估肠道准备质量、记录退镜时间、息肉识别和分类、预测早期结直肠癌浸润深度等方面,并通过具体的研究案例和数据分析了AI技术的有效性和优势。AI技术有望在提升结肠镜检查质量、促进结直肠癌的早诊早治方面发挥更加重要的作用,但面对技术、伦理及法规等多方面的挑战,未来需要持续努力,不断优化算法,加强跨学科合作,推动AI技术在医疗领域的健康、快速发展。
Traditional colonoscopy quality assessment methods have strong subjectivity and are time-consuming.In recent years,artificial intelligence technology has shown objectivity,timeliness,and comprehensiveness in colonoscopy quality control,with broad application prospects.This article comprehensively explores multiple application scenarios of AI in colonoscopy quality control,encompassing assessments of bowel preparation quality,recording of withdrawal times,polyp identification and classification,and prediction of early colorectal cancer invasion depth.Through specific research cases and data analysis,the effectiveness and advantages of AI technology are elucidated.AI technology is expected to play an increasingly significant role in enhancing the quality of colonoscopy and promoting early diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer.However,facing challenges from technology,ethics,regulations,and other aspects,continued efforts are needed in the future to continuously optimize algorithms,strengthen interdisciplinary collaboration,and promote the healthy and rapid development of AI technology in the medical field.
目的 本文聚焦DeepSeek这一国产人工智能技术,结合护理临床实践,系统探讨其在护理场景中的应用潜力、现存问题及应对策略。方法 检索国内外相关文献,与现有通用人工智能技术对比,进行综述,并提出思考和建议。结果 预计DeepSeek在护理文书自动化、个性化护理方案生成、临床决策支持、护理质控及教育培训等提供适配应用路径,针对性的服务和解决方案等。结论 DeepSeek可通过多模态技术整合与跨平台互补策略,推动护理服务向智能化、精准化方向发展,为缓解护理人力短缺、优化资源分配提供新思路。
Objective This study focuses on DeepSeek,a domestic artificial intelligence technology,systematically exploring its application potential,existing issues,and targeted strategies in nursing clinical scenarios through integration with practical nursing care contexts.Methods Relevant literatures from both domestic and international sources were collected,compared with existing Artificial General Intelligence(AGI)technologies,to conduct a review,and propose reflections and recommendations.Results Through literature review and technical comparisons,the results proposed specific application paths for DeepSeek in scenarios such as automated nursing documentation,personalized care plan generation,clinical decision support,quality control,and education.It further addressed issues including data privacy,ethical risks,and technical limitations.Conclusions The findings suggest that DeepSeek can integrate multimodal technologies and cross-platform complementary strategies to promote intelligent and precise nursing services,offering innovative solutions to alleviate nursing shortages and optimize resource allocation.