目的   评估多种气道湿化方法对喉癌患者术后气道湿化的效果。方法   检索PubMed、Cochrane、Embase、Web of Science、Ovid、中国知网、万方、CBM、Google Scholar等数据库和网站，检索时限为建库至2023年2月。搜集关于喉癌患者术后不同气道湿化方法的随机对照试验，采用JBI2016年随机对照试验RCT评价标准评价文献质量。使用ADDIS1.16.5软件进行网状Meta分析。结果   纳入18篇研究，共1 596例患者。结果显示，镇痛泵持续泵入与注射器间断滴入、喷雾瓶间断喷雾在痰痂形成方面比较差异有统计学意义［OR（95%CI）=537.70（4.18，124 511.88）、0（0，0.52），P＜0.05］；湿化满意度方面，注射器间断滴入与喷雾瓶间断喷雾比较差异有统计学意义［OR（95%CI）=8.55（1.40，73.35），P＜0.05］；其余比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。概率排序显示，降低肺部感染、黏膜出血和痰痂形成、痰液黏稠度、咳嗽和湿化不满意的发生，最优方法分别为湿化泵持续泵入、镇痛泵持续泵入、MR400湿化器和输液器持续泵入。结论   综合网状Meta分析及概率排序结果，考虑到喉癌患者术后早期下床活动，推荐便携式持续湿化方法。

       Objective  To access the effects of multiple airway humidification methods for postoperative patients with laryngeal cancer．Methods  PubMed，Cochrane Library，EMbase，Web of Science，Ovid，China National Knowledge Infrastructure，Wanfang database，CBM and Google Scholar were searched systematically from establishment to February 2023，respectively．Related  randomized controlled trials on airway humidification for postoperative patients with laryngeal cancer was analyzed and the quality of the literature was assessed using the JBI 2016 RCT evaluation．The network Meta analysis was performed using ADDIS 1.16.5 softwares．Results  A total of 18 articles and 1596 patients were inciuded．The results showed that the analgesia pump continued to pump into the airway compared with the syringe intermittently drip and the spray bottle intermittent spray was statistically different in the formation of sputum［OR（95%CI）=537.70（4.18，124 511.88），0（0，0.52），P＜0.05］．In terms of satisfaction of wetness，the difference between the intermittent drop of the syringe and the intermittent spray of the spray bottle was statistically different［OR（95%CI）=8.55（1.40，73.35），P＜0.05］，the others were not statistically different（P＞0.05）．Probability ranking table shows that the optimal methods were the humidification pump continues to pump into the airway，the analgesia pump continued to pump into the airway，the MR400 humidifier and the infusion set continuously pumped into the airway，which were beneficial to the reduction in pulmonary infection，tracheal mucosal hemorrhage and formation of phlegm callus，the degree of sputum viscosity，cough and unsatisfactory wetness．Conclusions  Based on the comprehensive mesh meta-analysis and probability ranking results，a portable continuous humidification method is  recommended considering the early post-operative activities of laryngeal cancer patients．

       目的   开发适合中国肾癌患者的生命质量测定量表的特异模块。方法   采用议题小组和核心小组的程序化决策方式，提出条目池，形成初步量表，采用医生及患者重要性评分法、相关系数法、变异度法、因子分析法和克朗巴赫系数α对20例肾癌患者和20名医护人员进行的数据进行统计分析。结果   经过上述方法进行筛检，结合专家小组的建议，最终得到含有11个条目的肾癌生命质量测定量表的特异模块。结论 肾癌的生命质量测定量表特异模块严格按照程序执行，具有较好的内容效度。

      Objective  To develop the specific module of the quality of life instruments for patients with renal cancer（QLICP-RE）．Methods  With the structured group（nominal group and focus group）methods，the item pool was put forward and a preliminary instrument was formed．The data from 20 renal cancer patients and 20 doctors/nurses were analyzed by statistical procedures．Doctors and patients’ importance rating procedure，correlation analysis，method of coefficient of variation，factor analysis，and Cronbach’s α．Results  By above statistical procedures and advises of expert panel，11-items of the specific module were formed finally．Conclusions  The specific module of QLICP-RE developed on the strict procedures has good content validity and representativeness．

      目的   分析高原地区3～6年级学生屈光状态及屈光参数之间的关系。方法  2023年9月，采用随机抽样方法选取林芝市波密县某两所小学3～6年级535名学生进行校园筛查。计算并记录裸眼远视力（UCVA），非睫状肌麻痹电脑验光下散光及其轴位、等效球镜（SE）、眼轴（AL）、角膜曲率半径（CR）和眼轴/角膜曲率半径轴率比（AL/CR）。采用SPSS 22.00统计软件分析数据。结果  3～6年级学生AL和AL/CR大体趋势为随年级升高而增长，SE随年级升高而降低。3～6年级学生总体筛查性近视患病率为29.91%，且3～6年级筛查性近视患病率分别为20.35%、25.53%、30.53%和51.38%。总体散光患病率为51.59%，其中顺规散光、逆规散光及斜轴散光分别占90.22%、7.61%及2.17%。视力不良者约40.37%。以非睫状肌麻痹验光SE≤-0.50 D同时UCVA＜5.0作为筛查性近视的诊断，AL/CR诊断筛查性近视的灵敏度为0.656、特异度为0.887和Youden指数为0.534，曲线下面积（AUC）为0.802，优于AL评估（AUC=0.764）。结论   高原地区3～6年级学生的筛查性近视患病率随年级升高而快速增长，且散光患病率较高，视力不良者较多。AL／CR值对筛查性近视监测具有一定的临床意义。

      Objective  To analyze the  relationship  between  refractive  status and  refractive  parameters of  students in grades three-six in plateau area．Methods  In September，2023，a random sampling method was used to select 535 students from grades three-six of two primary schools in Bomi County，Nyingchi City，for school screening．Distance uncorrected visual acuity（UCVA），astigmatism and its axis position，equivalent spherical（SE），axial length（AL），corneal radius（CR），and axial length/corneal radius ratio（AL/CR）were calculated and recorded．The data was analyzed using the statistical software SPSS 22.00．Results  The general trend of AL and AL/CR for grade three-six students was increased with grade increasing，while SE decreased with grade increasing．The overall prevalence of screening myopia was 29.91%，and the prevalence of screening myopia in grades three to six was 20.35%，25.53%，30.53% and 51.38%，respectively．The overall prevalence rate of astigmatism was 51.59%，including 90.22%，7.61% and 2.17% for astigmatism with the rule，astigmatism against the rule and oblique astigmatism，respectively．About 40.37% of the students had poor vision．Screening myopia was diagnosed using non-cycloplegic optometry with SE ≤-0.50 D combined with UCVA＜5.0．The sensitivity and specificity of AL/CR for screening myopia were 0.656 and 0.887，respectively，with a Youden index of 0.534 and an area under the curve（AUC）of 0.802．This was superior to the AL evaluation，which had an AUC of 0.764．Conclusions  The prevalence of screening myopia increased rapidly with the increase of grade in grade 3 to 6 in plateau area．And there were high prevalence of astigmatism and more poor vision．AL/CR value has a certain clinical significance in the monitoring of screening myopia．

    目的   研究羽毛球颠球运动对低年级小学生近视的改善效果，为制定儿童青少年近视干预方案提供依据。方法   采用方便抽样方法，抽取广州市1个城区1所小学三年级4个班共182名学生作为研究对象。基线调查完成后，以班为单位，采用随机数字表法将4个班分为干预组（2个班，91例）和对照组（2个班，91例），干预组安排羽毛球颠球项目体育活动，对照组按原教学计划安排非球类常规体育活动。比较两组干预前后筛查性近视率、视力不良率和近视进展程度。结果  干预前两组的年龄、性别、筛查性近视率、视力不良率及近视分级比较，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。两组干预后的等效球镜度数（SE）比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；对照组干预后的裸眼远视力（UDVA）低于干预组，△UDVA、△SE均高于干预组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。对照组新发筛查性近视率29.13%、累积筛查性近视率49.45%、累积视力不良率68.13%及近视进展程度，均高于干预组新发筛查性近视率7.69%、累积筛查性近视率34.07%、累积视力不良率52.74%及近视进展程度，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论   羽毛球颠球运动能降低低年级小学生视力不良进展速度，减少近视的发生率及近视程度，学校可结合引起近视的因素进行灵活应用，以预防近视的发生发展。

      Objective  To study the impact of badminton juggling on the myopia of lower-grade primary school students and to provide a basis for developing myopia intervention strategies for children and adolescents．Methods  By using the convenience sampling method，182 third-grade students from four classes in a primary school in a district of Guangzhou were selected as subjects．After completing the baseline survey，the four classes were divided into an intervention group（2 classes，91 students）and a control group（2 classes，91 students）using a random number table．The intervention group was arranged to participate in badminton juggling sports activities，while the control group followed the original teaching plan without ball games．The study compared the screening rate of myopia，the rate of poor vision，and the degree of myopia progression before and after the study in both groups．Results  On baseline，there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age，gender，rate of screening myopia，poor vision，and myopia grading（P＞0.05）．After 12 months，there was no statistically significant difference in the spherical equivalent（SE） comparison between the two groups（P＞0.05）．However，the uncorrected distance visual acuity（UDVA） of the control group after 12 months was significantly lower than that of the intervention group，and both △UDVA and △SE were significantly higher than those of the intervention group，with all differences being statistically significant（P＜0.05）．Incidence of screening myopia in the control group （29.13%），the cumulative rate of screening myopia（49.45%），the cumulative rate of poor vision （68.13%），and the degree of myopia progression was significantly higher than those in the intervention group，which had incidence of screening myopia at 7.69%，the cumulative rate of screening myopia at 34.07%，cumulative rate of poor vision at 52.74%．All these differences were statistically significant（P＜0.05）．Conclusions  Badminton juggling can slow down vision deterioration，reduce the incidence and severity of myopia in lower grade primary school students．Schools can flexibly apply these findings in conjunction with factors that contribute to myopia to prevent its occurrence and development．

       目的   探讨眼底豹纹斑密度（FTD）及视盘旁萎缩弧（PPA）与眼轴长（AL）的相关性，为眼底定量化在儿童近视防控的应用提供科学依据。方法   本研究随机抽取广州市荔湾区两所小学三年级学生作为研究对象，在校园视力筛查的过程中同时采集AL、CR和眼底彩照。使用AI软件对眼底彩照进行量化分析，量化指标包括不同区域和范围的FTD及PPA面积大小，根据眼轴长度分为三组：A组（AL＜23 mm）；B组（23 mm≤AL＜24 mm）；C组（24 mm≤AL）。结果   共有398例右眼被纳入统计分析，年龄范围8~11岁，中位数是9岁，男性人数占55.1％。三组组间AL、AL/CR和SE比较均有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。A组与B组相比，FTD在后极部整体范围、黄斑中心3 mm区域、黄斑中心3 mm区域上方区域具有统计学差异（P＜0.05），C组与B组相比，PPA面积及FTD在后极部整体范围、视盘为中心4.5 mm范围、黄斑为中心直径3 mm和6 mm范围均具有统计学差异（P＜0.05），Spearman相关性分析表明，AL与PPA（r=0.443）和FTD（r=0.322）呈正相关（P＜0.001）。亚组相关性分析表明，A组仅黄斑为中心直径3 mm上方范围FTD与AL呈正相关（P=0.028），B组PPA、黄斑中心直径3 mm及其上方范围FTD与AL呈正相关（P＜0.05），C组仅PPA与AL呈正相关（P=0.005）。结论 眼底定量对于儿童近视防控具有潜在价值，PPA和FTD与AL呈正相关性，不同区域和范围FTD与AL相关性具有一定差异性，黄斑中心直径3 mm范围及其上方范围与眼轴相关性最强。FTD在短眼轴阶段就可以作为生物标记物预测近视严重程度，而PPA主要在长眼轴阶段体现生物标记物的作用。

       Objective  To investigate the correlation between fundus tessellated density（FTD）and peripapillary atrophy（PPA）with axial length（AL）, providing a scientific basis for the application of fundus quantification in the prevention and control of myopia in children. Methods  This study randomly selected third-grade students from two primary schools in Liwan District, Guangzhou City, as research subjects. Axial length（AL）, corneal radius（CR）, and fundus color photographs were collected simultaneously during the school vision screening process. AI software was utilized to perform quantitative analysis on the fundus color photographs, with quantification indicators including the area size of PPA and FTD in different regions and ranges. Subjects were divided into three groups based on axial length：Group A（AL＜23 mm）; Group B（23 mm≤AL＜24 mm）; Group C（AL≥24 mm）. Results  A total of 398 right eyes were included in the statistical analysis, with an age range of 8 to 11, a median age of 9, and 55.1% were male. There were significant statistical differences in AL, AL/CR, and spherical equivalent（SE）among the three groups（P＜0.05）. Compared with Group B, Group A showed significant statistical differences in FTD in the overall posterior pole, the 3 mm diameter area centered on the fovea, and the superior area of the 3 mm foveal center（P＜0.05）. Compared with Group B, Group C showed significant differences in PPA area and FTD in the overall posterior pole, the 4.5 mm diameter area centered on the optic disc, and the 3 mm and 6 mm diameter areas centered on the fovea（P＜0.05）. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that AL was significantly positively correlated with PPA（r=0.443）and FTD（r=0.322）（P＜0.001）. Subgroup correlation analysis showed that in Group A, only the FTD in the superior area of the 3 mm diameter centered on the fovea was significantly positively correlated with AL（P=0.028）. In Group B, PPA and FTD in the 3 mm diameter and superior area centered on the fovea were significantly positively correlated with AL（P＜0.05）. In Group C, only PPA was significantly positively correlated with AL（P=0.005）. Conclusions  Fundus quantification holds potential value for the prevention and control of myopia in children. PPA and FTD show significant positive correlations with AL, with varying degrees of correlation in different regions and ranges of FTD with AL. The 3 mm diameter area centered on the fovea and its superior area have the strongest correlation with the eye axis. FTD can serve as a biomarker to predict the severity of myopia in the early stages of eye axis elongation, while PPA primarily manifests as a biomarker in the later stages of elongation. 

      近视是一种常见的屈光不正状态，也是全球范围内普遍存在的视觉健康问题，其特征是在眼部调节放松的状态下，平行光线经眼的屈光系统折射后聚焦在视网膜前，导致视远模糊。近视通常在儿童期发生和发展，但在成年期仍可继续发生和发展。本综述对已发表的关于成年人近视发生和进展的文献进行总结，描述成年人近视的流行病学特征，包括近视率、近视发病率、近视进展率及其近视特征（屈光度及眼轴），总结成年人近视发病和进展的危险因素。了解成年人近视的发展特点和管理方式对于近视防控实践具有重要意义。

   Myopia is a common refractive error and a universal visual health problem in the world. It is characterized by the fact that parallel light rays refract through the refractive system of the eye and focus in front of the retina when the eye accommodatior is relaxed, resulting in distant blurred vision. Myopia usually occurs and develops in childhood, but can continue to occur and develop in adulthood. This review summarizes the published literature on the occurrence and progression of myopia in adults, describes the epidemiological characteristics of myopia in adults, including myopia rate, myopia incidence rate, myopia progression rate, and myopia characteristics（diopter and ocular axis） ; and summarizes the  risk factors for the occurrence and progression of myopia in adults. Understanding the developmental characteristics and management methods of adult myopia is of great significance for myopia prevention and control practice. 

       近几十年来，全球近视患病率不断上升，已成为全世界主要的公共卫生问题之一。众多研究表明户外活动能有效控制近视的发生和发展。本文综述了户外活动对近视防控作用的研究进展及其作用机制，以期为近视防控提供新的思路。

     In recent decades, the prevalence of myopia has been increasing globally, becoming one of the major public health issues worldwide. Numerous studies indicate that outdoor activities can effectively control the onset and progression of myopia. This article reviews the research progress on prevention and control effect and mechanism of outdoor activities on myopia, hoping to provide new insights for myopia prevention and control. 

乳酸以往被视为不具备生物学功能的代谢废物。随着人们对乳酸的深入研究,发现乳酸有多种作用。乳酸化修饰是近期发现一种与乳酸有关的蛋白质翻译后修饰过程。乳酸化修饰主要有两种,一种是与乳酸相关的直接修饰,另外一种是与丙酮酸相关的间接修饰。这两种乳酸化修饰均可能受到糖酵解、乳酸转运与堆积、蛋白质串扰以及神经系统等多方面的调控。乳酸化修饰可以通过直接或间接修饰组蛋白或非组蛋白,从而在肿瘤组织的代谢重编程、增殖、迁移及免疫逃逸中发挥着重要作用。乳酸化修饰的深入研究,有望为肿瘤的诊断和治疗开辟新的路径。因此,为了明确乳酸化修饰在肿瘤方面的研究进展,本文就蛋白乳酸化修饰的分子机制及其在肿瘤中作用的研究进展作一综述。

       Lactic acid was previously regarded as a metabolic waste product with no biological function. As lactic acid has been intensively studied, it has been found to have multiple roles. Lactation modification is a recently discovered protein post-translational modification process related to lactic acid. There are two main types of lactation modification：one is direct modification related to lactic acid and the other is indirect modification related to pyruvate. Both types of lactation modification may be regulated by various aspects such as glycolysis, lactate transport and accumulation, protein crosstalk, and the nervous system. Lactation modification can play an important role in metabolic reprogramming, proliferation, migration, and immune escape of tumor tissues by directly or indirectly modifying histones or non-histone proteins. The in-depth study of lactation modification is expected to find new pathways for tumor diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, in order to clarify the research progress of lactation modification in tumors, this paper presents a review on the molecular mechanism of protein lactation modification and the research progress of its role in tumors.