论著

2005—2024 年中医药治疗小儿腺样体肥大的可视化分析

Visual analysis of traditional Chinese medicine treatment for pediatric adenoid hypertrophy from 2005 to 2024

:1045-1054
 
       目的   探讨中医药治疗小儿腺样体肥大(AH)的研究现状、研究热点及趋势,为本领域研究者提供借鉴。方法   检索中国知网(CNKI)数据库从2005年1月1日至2024年1月31日中医药治疗小儿腺样体肥大的相关文献。运用Excel 2019分析其发文量,运用CiteSpace 6.2.R6软件分析其作者、机构、关键词。结果   共纳入文献395篇,年发文量整体呈现波动上升的趋势;发文量最多的作者为姜之炎;发文量最多的研究机构为山东中医药大学。初步形成了以姜之炎、俞景茂、阎兆君为核心的研究团队;研究机构以中医类院校及其附属医院为主。高频关键词提示当前研究热点前三位为中医药治疗方法、临床疗效。结论  AH领域研究内容主要以内治法、外治法、作用机制为主;研究热点逐渐从临床研究转向作用机制等实验研究;应用“数据挖掘”“网络药理学”等计算机技术研究AH会成为趋势。
       Objective  To explore the research status,research hotspots,and trends of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of adenoid hypertrophy in children,to provide a reference for researchers in this field.Methods  The relevant literature on the treatment of adenoid hypertrophy in children with traditional Chinese medicine was searched in the CNKI database from January 1,2005,to January 31,2024.Excel 2019 was applied to analyze the number of published papers,and CiteSpace 6.2.R6 software was applied to analyze its authors,institutions,and keywords.Results  A total of 395 papers were included,and the annual number of papers showed a fluctuating upward trend.The author with the largest number of papers was JIANG Zhiyan.Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was the research institution with the largest number of papers.The core  research teams including JIANG Zhiyan,YU Jingmao,and YAN Zhaojun were initially formed.The  research institutions were mainly Chinese medicine colleges and their affiliated hospitals.High-frequency keywords suggest that the current top three research hotspots were traditional Chinese medicine treatment methods,clinical efficacy.Conclusions  The research content in this field is mainly based on internal treatment,external treatment,and mechanism.The focus has gradually shifted from clinical research to experimental research such as mechanism.The application of computer technologies such as “data mining” and “network pharmacology” for this disease will become a trend.
论著

2022—2024 年南宁市食源性疾病流行病学分析及卫生管理建议

Epidemiological analysis of foodborne diseases in Nanning City from 2022 to 2024

:935-944
 
       目的   调查南宁市2022—2024年食源性疾病的发生情况,并分析该地食源性疾病的流行病学特征,为防控食源性疾病提供依据。方法   在2022年1月—2024年12月统计南宁市多中心上报的食源性疾病发生情况,并分析食源性疾病的分布特征。结果  2022年1月—2024年12月在南宁市共计调查21 712例食源性疾病患者,其中男性占49.25%,女性占50.75%;食源性疾病以18~59岁、4~17岁年龄段占比相对较高,在季节方面2022年以秋季占比较高,2023—2024年以夏季占比较高;散居儿童、学生和农民是食源性疾病的主要人群,混合食品、水果及其制品、粮食类及其制品、肉类及其制品为前四位暴露食品;包装方面以散装占比最高、进食场所则以家庭占比最高;食源性疾病患者3年间不同性别、年龄段、发病季节、人群类型、暴露食品、包装形式及进食场所比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。症状主要以消化道症状、其他/全身症状为主。结论   南宁市2022—2024年食源性疾病发生例数有所增长,多发于夏秋季节,散居儿童、学生、农民是食源性疾病的高风险群体,同时针对散装食品,尤其混合食品、水果及其制品、粮食类及其制品、肉类及其制品等主要暴露食品应做好重点防控监测,可根据本地食源性疾病发生的流行病学特征进行对应的宣传教育,以确保食品安全。
       Objective  To explore the occurrence of foodborne diseases in Nanning City from 2022 to 2024,and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in the area,providing a basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseasesMethods  From January 2022 to December 2024,the incidence of foodborne diseases reported by multiple centers in Nanning City was statistically analyzed,and the distribution characteristics of foodborne diseases were analyzed.Results  From January 2022 to December 2024,a total of 21 712 foodborne disease patients were analyzed in Nanning City,among them,males account for 49.25% and females account for 50.75%.Foodborne diseases had a relatively high proportion in the age groups of 18-59 and 4-17 years old.In terms of seasons,the proportion was higher in autumn 2022 and in summer 2023-2024.Scattered children,students,and farmers were the main populations of foodborne diseases,with mixed foods,fruits and their products,grains and their products,and meat and its products being the top four exposed foods.In terms of packaging,bulk packaging had the highest proportion,while in terms of eating places,household packaging has the highest proportion.There were statistically significant differences in the gender,age group,onset season,population type,exposed food,packaging form,and eating location of foodborne disease patients over a three-year period.Conclusions  The number of foodborne diseases in Nanning City has increased from 2022 to 2024,mostly occurring in summer and autumn seasons.Scattered children,students,and farmers are high-risk groups for foodborne diseases.At the same time,key prevention and control monitoring should be carried out for bulk foods,especially mixed foods,fruits and their products,grains and their products,meat and their products,and corresponding publicity and education can be carried out according to the epidemiological characteristics of local foodborne diseases to ensure food safety.
论著

某三甲医院近 10 年 ICU 重症孕产妇病种分布特征和经济学分析

Epidemiological and economic analysis of critically ill maternal patients in intensive care unit over a decade

:911-917
 
        目的   对入住重症监护病房(ICU)重症孕产妇患者的病种特征和住院费用进行分析。方法   从医院信息管理系统中搜索2009—2019年广州市某省级重症孕产妇救治中心ICU的重症孕产妇住院病例,对病例资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果  2009—2019年该救治中心ICU共收治重症孕产妇1 616例,病种排名前五位依次为心血管疾病430例(26.61%)、血液及造血器官疾病310例(19.18%)、妊娠期特定并发疾病287例(17.76%)、消化系统疾病218例(13.49%)、呼吸系统疾病110例(6.81%)。患者经济负担中位数排名前五位依次为肌肉骨骼系统和结缔组织疾病(62 252.60元)、消化系统疾病(61 684.41元)、感染性疾病(42 945.70元)、血液及造血器官疾病(40 403.52元)、神经系统疾病(40 055.93元)。结论   入住ICU内的重症孕产妇以心血管疾病、血液及造血器官疾病为主,经济学分析表明肌肉骨骼系统和结缔组织疾病造成的经济损失较大。
       Objective  To analyze the disease characteristics and hospitalization expenses of  severe maternal patients in intensive care unit(ICU).Methods  Hospitalized cases of severe maternal disease in  ICU of a provincial critical care center in Guangzhou from 2009 to 2019 were searched from the hospital information management system,and case data was analyzed by descriptive epidemiology.Results  From 2009 to 2019,a total of  1616 critically ill maternal  patients  received intensive care treatment at this center.The predominant diseases observed were cardiovascular disorders(26.61%),blood and hematopoietic organ diseases(19.18%),specific pregnancy-related complications(17.76%),gastrointestinal ailments(13.49%),and respiratory disorders(6.81%).Among the top five patient groups,the median economic burden was the highest in musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases(62 252.600 yuan),followed by digestive system diseases(61684.410 yuan),infectious diseases(42 945.700 yuan),blood and hematopoietic organ diseases(40 403.515 yuan),and nervous system disorders(40 055.930 yuan)Furthermore,a discernible correlation between hospitalization cost and length of stay was identified.Conclusions  Cardiovascular diseases and disorders of blood and hematopoietic organs are the primary causes for maternal admissions to ICU.Economic analysis shows that musculoskeletal system and connective tissues diseases cause bigger economic loss .
论著

情景模拟式健康教育在 SMILE 手术中的应用分析

Application analysis of scenario simulation based health education in small incision lenticule extraction

:906-910
 
        目的   探讨情景模拟式健康教育对飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出手术(SMILE)患者的应用效果,提高手术患者术中的配合度。方法   随机选取2020年6月—12月于我院拟进行SMILE手术患者200例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各100例,其中对照组采用常规术前健康教育,观察组采用情景模拟宣教视频的方式实施术前健康教育。比较两组患者围术期依从性、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和SMILE手术知识知晓率。结果   观察组患者围术期依从性和SMILE手术围术期知识知晓率得分高于对照组、患者术前焦虑水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论   情景模拟式健康教育能有效提升SMILE手术患者围术期依从性,减轻患者手术紧张的情绪,提升患者SMILE手术围术期健康知识知晓率,提升就医体验及手术成功率。
        Objective  To  explore the  application  effect  of  scenario  simulation  based  health  education  on  patients undergoing small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE),in order to improve the cooperation of surgical patients.Methods  From June to December in 2020,200 patients who were scheduled to undergo SMILE in the hospital were randomly selected and divided into an observation group and a control group,with 100 patients in each group.The control group received routine preoperative health education,while the observation group received preoperative health education through scenario simulation educational videos.The perioperative adherence of patients,Self Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),and SMILE surgical knowledge awareness  rates were compared between patients of two groupsResults  The observation group had higher scores in perioperative adherence of patients and perioperative knowledge awareness of SMILE surgery than the control group,and lower preoperative anxiety levels than the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusions  Scenario simulation based health education can effectively improve the adherence of SMILE patients,alleviate their surgical anxiety,enhance their awareness of perioperative health knowledge,improve their medical experience,and increase the success rate of the surgery.
论著

早产儿败血症的临床特征和不良结局影响因素分析

Analysis of clinical features and adverse outcome risk factors of sepsis in premature infants

:898-905
 
        目的   探讨出生胎龄<37周早产儿发生败血症时的临床特征及其不良结局的危险因素。方法   收集2020年1月—2023年12月安徽医科大学第一附属医院本部新生儿科收治出生胎龄<37周且发生败血症早产儿的临床资料;根据败血症发生时间分为早发型败血症(EOS)49例,晚发型败血症(LOS)150例;根据是否出现不良结局,分为结局不良组90例,结局良好组109例。分析EOS和LOS败血症的临床特征,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析早产儿败血症出现不良结局的危险因素。结果  早产儿败血症中EOS患儿出生胎龄更小,生后1 min Apgar评分更低,孕母羊水污染、胎膜早破≥18 h发生率较LOS更高(P<0.05);早产儿败血症临床表现无特异性,但LOS患儿休克发生率更高(P<0.05);早产儿易发生革兰阴性菌感染,合并先天性心脏病(OR=2.490,P<0.05)、出生胎龄<30周(OR=4.851,P<0.05)、出生体质量小于1 500 gOR=4.169,P<0.05)是早产儿败血症发生不良结局的危险因素。结论  早产儿败血症临床表现无特异性,更易发生革兰阴性菌感染,出生胎龄越小、体质量越低发生不良结局的风险更高。
       Objective  To analyze the clinical characteristics and  risk factors of adverse outcomes of  sepsis in premature infants with gestational age < 37 weeks.Methods  Clinical data of preterm infants < 37 weeksof gestational age admitted to the Department of Neonatology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2020 to December 2023 were collected.According to the timing of sepsis,49 cases with early-onset sepsis(EOS)and 150 cases with late-onset sepsis(LOS)were diagnosed.According to the outcome,90 cases were divided into the adverse outcome group and 109 cases were good outcome group.The clinical characteristics of EOS and LOS were analyzed,and the risk factors of adverse outcomes were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.Results The gestational age of EOS infants was smaller at birth,the 1 minute Apgar score was lower ,and the incidence of amniotic fluid contamination and premature rupture of membranes ≥18h were higher than those in LOS infants(P<0.05).The clinical manifestations of sepsis in premature infants were not specific,but the incidence of shock was higher in LOS children(P<0.05).Preterm infants were more likely to develop gram-negative bacterial infection,congenital heart disease(OR=2.490,P<0.05),gestational age <30 weeks(OR=4.851,P<0.05),and birth weight < 1500g(OR=4.169,P<0.05)were identified as significant risk factors for adverse sepsis outcomes in preterm infants.Conclusions The clinical manifestations of septicemia in preterm infants are non-specific,and they are more likely to suffer from gram-negative bacterial infection.The younger the gestational age and lower the birth weight of preterm infants,the higher the risk of adverse outcomes after sepsis.
论著

高原地区儿童阑尾炎术后早期炎性肠梗阻治疗分析

Treatment analysis of appendicitis early postoperative inflammatory small bowel obstruction in plateau area children

:893-897
 
      目的   回顾分析高原地区儿童阑尾炎术后早期炎性肠梗阻的临床特征,总结治疗经验。方法   回顾分析青海省妇女儿童医院2019—2023年收治的49例儿童阑尾炎术后早期炎性肠梗阻病例资料。结果   纳入研究的49例患儿,阑尾炎发病时间3~8 d,平均(5.38±1.25)d,术后出现肠梗阻时间3~11 d,平均时间(4.81±1.70)d,其中48例经过保守治疗后梗阻解除,恢复排气、排便,肠功能恢复时间4~13 d,平均(5.93±2.49)d,1例经积极保守治疗后病情进展,最终经手术治愈。49例患儿均顺利治愈出院,住院时间10~26 d,平均(15.69±3.79)d。术后随访1~2年,患儿饮食、排便均无异常。结论   高原地区儿童阑尾炎术后早期粘连性肠梗阻预防是关键,采取保守治疗同样可获得较高的治愈率,若保守治疗无效或病情进展应及时积极采取手术治疗。
       Objective  To review the clinical characteristics of early postoperative inflammatory small bowel obstruction(EPISBO) in children with appendicitis in plateau area and summarize the treatment experience.Methods  The data of 49 cases of appendicitis EPISBO in children admitted to Qinghai Women and Children’s Hospital from 2019 to 2023 were  retrospectively analyzed.Results  The onset time of appendicitis was 3-8 days,with an average of(5.38±1.25)days,and the time of intestinal obstruction was 3-11 days after surgery,with an average of(4.81±1.70)days.After conservative treatment,48 cases were relieved of obstruction,resumed exhaust and defecation,and intestinal function recovered in 4-13 day,average(5.93±2.49)d,1 case had progression after conservative treatment,and was cured by surgery.All the 49 children were successfully cured and discharged.The length of hospital stay was 10-26 days,with an average of(15.69±3.79)days.Postoperative follow-up of 1 to 2 years showed normal eating and bowel movements.Conclusions  The prevention of EPISBO in children with appendicitis in plateau area is the key.Conservative treatment can also achieve a higher cure rate.If conservative treatment is ineffective or the disease progresses,timely surgical treatment should be provided.

专家述评

“十四五”规划下广东省卫生资源配置公平性及空间自相关分析

Evaluation of health resources equity in Guangdong Province under the “14th Five-Year Plan”

:861-869
 
       目的   通过对广东省下的卫生资源配置的公平性进行分析,找出当前卫生资源配置存在的问题并提出优化建议,以进一步减少健康不平等的现象,为实现广东省均衡化配置卫生资源的“十四五”目标提供实践参考依据。  收集整理《广东省统计年鉴》中2018—2022年相关数据,采用集聚度法、空间自相关分析,从人口、地理、空间三个纬度对卫生资源分布的公平性进行分析。结果  珠三角、粤东地区的卫生资源配置公平性,在地理维度上较高,人口维度上较低;粤西、粤北地区的卫生资源配置的公平性与之相反。在空间分布上,2018年部分城市的卫生资源分布呈现出一定的空间集聚特征,但到2022年这种空间集聚特征均弱化,空间自相关性消失。结论  广东省卫生资源在地域之间存在分布不均衡情况,其配置公平性有待提升。尽管空间自相关消失可能意味着资源不再集中在某些特定区域,但政策制定者在未来进行卫生资源规划时,要考虑如人口密度、经济发展水平等因素给各地区带来的影响,以进一步促进资源的均等化配置。
       Objective  By analyzing the equity of health resource allocation in Guangdong Province,to identify the current problems in health  resource allocation and put forward optimization suggestions to further  reduce health inequalities and provide practical references for achieving the “14th Five-Year Plan” goal of balanced allocation of health resources in Guangdong Province.Methods  Relevant data from 2018-2022 in the Guangdong Provincial Statistical Yearbook were collected and organized,and the equity of health resource distribution was analyzed in three dimensions:demographic,geographic and spatial,by using the agglomeration method and spatial auto-correlation analysis.Results  The equity of health resource allocation in the Pearl River Delta and Guangdong East regions was higher in geographical dimension and lower in population dimension;the equity of health resource allocation in Guangdong West and Guangdong North regions was the opposite.In terms of spatial distribution,the distribution of health resources in some cities showed some spatial clustering characteristics in 2018,but all such spatial clustering characteristics weakened and spatial auto-correlation disappeared by 2022.Conclusions  Health resources in Guangdong Province were unbalanced in terms of their geographic distribution,and the equity of their allocation needs to be improved.Although the disappearance of spatial auto-correlation may mean that resources are no longer concentrated in certain regions,policymakers should consider the impact of factors such as population density and level of economic development on regions when planning health resources in the future to further promote the equalization of resource allocation.
护理研究

分析护理专业学生死亡态度的潜在类别及其影响因素

Latent categories and influencing factors analysis of nursing students’ attitudes towards death

:836-842
 
        目的   分析护生死亡态度的潜在类别及其影响因素,为开设符合我国国情的死亡教育课程提供参考。   采用便利抽样法,选取唐山市高校护生为调查对象。采用一般资料调查表、死亡态度描绘量表进行调查,基于潜在剖面分析护生死亡态度的类别及不同类别的影响因素。结果   共发放问卷520份,回收问卷516份,回收率为99.23%,剔除无效问卷11份,有效回收率为97.87%。护生死亡态度描绘量表得分为(96.91±13.20)分,经过剖面分析可划分为死亡态度积极-自然接受型(63.60%)和死亡态度消极-恐惧死亡型(36.40%)2个潜在类别。Logistic回归分析结果显示,陪伴临终亲友、未接触过死亡相关场所、半年内有亲友离世的护生属于死亡态度消极-恐惧死亡型的概率较大,自身性格偏外向、研究生学历的护生属于死亡态度积极-自然接受型的概率较大(均P<0.05)。结论   护生死亡态度存在明显的分类特征,可分为死亡态度积极-自然接受型和死亡态度消极-恐惧死亡型2个潜在类别;相关院校可针对不同类别特征的护生开设死亡教育相关课程,以期帮助护生更深刻地认识死亡,树立科学死亡观。
       Objective  To analyze the potential categories and influencing factors of nursing students’ death attitude,to provide reference for setting up death education courses in line with China’s situation.Methods  Convenient sampling method was used to select nursing students in Tangshan.General data questionnaire and death attitude description scale were used to investigate the categories of nursing students’ death attitude and their influencing factors based on latent profiles.Results  A total of 520 questionnaires were sent out and 516 were collected with a rate of 99.23%.Eleven invalid questionnaires were excluded with an effective rate of 97.87%.The score of the death attitude description scale of nursing students was(96.91±13.20),which could be divided into two potential categories:positive death attitude - natural acceptance type(51.49%)and negative death attitude - fear type(48.51%)after profile analysis.Logistic regression analysis showed that nursing students who accompanied their dying relatives and friends,had no visit to death-related places,and had relatives and friends who died within six months had a higher probability of negative death attitude - fear of death,while nursing students with extrovert personality and graduate degree had a higher probability of positive death attitude - natural acceptance(all P<0.05).Conclusions  There were obvious classification characteristics of nursing students’ attitude towards death,which can be divided into two latent categories:positive attitude towards death - natural acceptance type and negative attitude towards death - fear type.Relevant colleges and universities can set up death education courses for nursing students with different characteristics,in order to help nursing students have a deeper understanding of death and establish a scientific view of death.
论著

CT 增强碘对比剂急性不良反应发生及影响因素分析

Analysis of the occurrence and influencing factors of acute adverse reactions of enhanced CT iodine contrast agents

:829-835
 
       目的   探讨电子计算机断层扫描(CT)增强碘对比剂急性不良反应发生及影响因素分析。方法   选取天津市肿瘤医院空港医院2020年10月—2023年10月收治的100例行CT增强出现碘对比剂急性不良反应的患者进行回顾性分析,将其分为观察组,另选取同期在我院行CT增强检查未发生不良反应的100例患者作为对照组。分析观察组患者碘对比剂急性不良反应情况,对比两组患者临床资料及碘对比剂注射情况,以急性不良反应作为因变量(发生急性不良反应=1,未发生急性不良反应=0)纳入Logistic回归模型,分析CT增强碘对比剂急性不良反应发生的独立影响因素。结果  100例发生碘对比剂急性不良反应的患者中轻度65例(65.00%),中度34例(34.00%),重度1例(1.00%);观察组与对照组性别、年龄、体质指数(BMI)、高血压史、糖尿病史、心功能不全史、甲状腺功能亢进史、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病史、碘对比剂使用史、食物过敏史对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组与对照组哮喘史(9.00% vs 2.00%)、肾功能不全史(13.00% vs 3.00%)、碘对比剂不良反应发生史(21.00% vs  2.00%)、花粉过敏史(12.00% vs 4.00%)、药物过敏史(26.00% vs 7.00%)及其他过敏史(10.00% vs 2.00%),对比差异有统计学意义(χ 2 =4.710,P=0.030;χ  2 =6.790,P=0.009;χ 2 =17.740,P<0.001;χ 2 =4.350,P=0.037;χ 2 =13.100,P<0.001;χ 2 =5.670,P=0.017);观察组与对照组碘对比剂剂量对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组与对照组碘对比剂注射速度(<3 mL/min为55.00% vs 69.00%;≥3 mL/min为45.00% vs 31.00%)、碘对比剂类型(碘克沙醇为34.00% vs 34.00%,碘佛醇为47.00% vs 30.00%,碘海醇为19.00% vs  36.00%)对比差异有统计学意义(χ 2 =4.160,P=0.041;χ 2 =9.010,P=0.011);肾功能不全史、碘对比剂不良反应发生史、药物过敏史、其他过敏史、碘对比剂注射速度为发生碘对比剂急性不良反应的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论  CT增强碘对比剂急性不良反应多以轻度为主,且以往合并肾功能不全、碘对比剂不良反应发生史、药物过敏史、其他过敏史、碘对比剂注射速度过高可能为碘对比剂不良反应发生的影响因素。
       Objective  To explore the occurrence and influencing factors of acute adverse reactions of iodine contrast agents in enhanced computed tomography(CT).Methods  A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 patients admitted to our hospital from October 2020 to October 2023 who experienced acute adverse reactions to iodine contrast agents during CT enhancement.They were divided into an observation group and another 100 patients who underwent CT enhancement examination in our hospital during the same period without any adverse reactions were selected as the control group.The acute adverse  reactions of iodine contrast agent in the observation group of patients were analyzed,the clinical data and injection of iodine contrast agent between the two groups of patients were compared,and include acute adverse reactions as the dependent variable(occurrence of acute adverse reactions=1,absence of acute adverse reactions=0)was used in the Logistic regression model to analyze the independent influencing factors of acute adverse reactions of CT enhanced iodine contrast agent.Results  Among the 100 patients who experienced acute adverse reactions to iodine contrast agents,65 were mild reactions,accounting for 65.00%,34 cases had were moderate reactions,accounting for 34.00%,and one cases had severe reactions,accounting for 1.00%.There was no significant difference between the observation group and the control group in gender,age,body mass index(BMI),history of hypertension,diabetes,heart dysfunction,hyperthyroidism,coronary heart disease,use of iodine contrast agent,and food allergy(P>0.05).The history of asthma(9.00% vs 2.00%),renal insufficiency(13.00% vs 3.00%),adverse reactions of iodine contrast(21.00 % vs 2.00%),pollen allergy(12.00% vs  4.00%),drug allerg(26.00% vs  7.00%)and other allergies(10.00 % vs  2.00%)were significantly different(χ 2 =4.710,P=0.030;χ 2 =6.790,P=0.009;χ 2 =17.740,P<0.001;χ 2 =4.350,P=0.037;χ 2 =13.100,P<0.001;χ 2 =5.670,P=0.017).There was no significant difference in the dosage of iodine contrast agent between the observation group and the control group(P0.05).The injection rate of iodine contrast agent between the observation group and the control group(< 3 mL/min was 55.00% vs  69.00%;≥3 mL/min was 45.00% vs 31.00%),and the types of iodoxanol (iodoxanol[34.00% vs 34.00%],iodoxanol[47.00% vs 30.00%],iodohexanol[19.00% vs 36.00%]) were significantly different(χ 2 =4.160,P=0.041;χ 2  =9.010,P=0.011).History of renal insufficiency,adverse reactions to iodine contrast agents,drug allergies,other allergies,and injection speed of iodine contrast agents were independent risk factors for the occurrence of acute adverse reactions to iodine contrast agents(P<0.05).Conclusions  Acute adverse reactions to iodinated contrast agents in CT enhancement are mostly mild.Previous history of  renal insufficiency,history of adverse reactions to iodinated contrast agents,history of drug allergies,other allergic histories,and high injection speed of iodinated contrast agents may be influencing factors for the occurrence of adverse  reactions to iodinated contrast agents.
论著

休克指数与血乳酸水平预测院前创伤性休克患者预后的对比分析

Comparative analysis of shock index and blood lactate level in predicting the prognosis of pre hospital traumatic shock patients

:824-828
 
       目的   探讨、对比休克指数(SI)与血乳酸水平预测院前创伤性休克患者预后中的应用。方法   于2020年12月—2023年12月收治80例创伤性休克患者,均接受SI、乳酸水平的监测。结合监测的结果进行分组:乳酸正常组:乳酸水平在2 mmol/L以下,升高组:2 mmol/L以上;SI正常组:SI在0.9以下,升高组:SI在0.9以上。观察、记录患者入院7 d后的序贯性器官功能衰竭评分(SOFA),对多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)情况进行评估。同时观察、记录机械通气、血管活性药物的使用和住院等情况。结果   乳酸水平升高组60例,正常组20组;SI升高组58例,正常组22例,女性乳酸水平、SI,与男性比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。是否发生多器官功能障碍者的年龄、性别、SI指数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)评分[(4.22±1.53)分 vs (9.46±3.82)分,t=7.816,P<0.001]、住院时间[(23.34±5.71)d vs (12.26±2.11)d,t=11.830,P<0.001]、基础乳酸值[(4.75±2.36)mmol/L vs (2.04±1.11)mmol/L,t=6.721,P<0.001]与发生MODS在组间对比差异有统计学意义。SI升高组的容量复苏收缩压>80 mmHg(%)有27例,与乳酸水平升高组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(46.55% vs 18.18%,χ 2 =12.237,P0.001)。乳酸水平升高组中,11例患者接受机械通气,乳酸水平均升高(P0.05);9例患者使用血管活性药物,乳酸水平均升高,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);38例住院患者,24例乳酸水平升高(P0.05)。13例患者接受机械通气,12例SI升高,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);11例患者接受血管活性物治疗,8例SI升高,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);39例患者住院,SI升高22例,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论   针对重症的创伤性休克患者,当血乳酸水平升高时会大大增加MODS发生的概率,乳酸水平在对重症创伤性休克患者预后进行预测时,应用价值更高。
       Objective  To explore and compare the application of shock index(SI)and  blood lactic acid level in predicting the prognosis of patients with pre-hospital traumatic shock.Methods  From December 2020 to December 2023,80 patients with traumatic shock were enrolled,and their SI and levels of lactic acid were monitored.Patients were grouped according to the monitoring results:normal group:lactic acid level below 2 mmol/L,increased group:above 2 mmol/L;normal group:SI below 0.9,and increased group:SI above 0.9.The sequential organ failure score(SOFA)was observed and recorded 7 days after hospitalization,and the situation of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)was evaluated.At the same time,mechanical ventilation,the use of vasoactive substances and hospitalization were observed and recorded.Results  There were 60 cases in the group with increased lactic acid level and 20 cases in the normal group.There were 58 cases of increased SI and 22 cases of normal.The lactic acid level and SI index in women were higher than those in men,with no difference(P>0.05).There were no differences in age,sex,SI index and the incidence of MODS(P>0.05).GCS score(4.22±1.53 vs 9.46±3.82),hospitalization days(23.34±5.71 vs 12.26±2.11)d,basal lactate value(4.75±2.36 vs 2.04±1.11)mmol L-1 were significantly different from those of MODS(t=11.830,P<0.001;t=6.721,P<0.001,P<0.05).There were 27 cases with volume  resuscitation systolic blood pressure > 80 mmhg(%)in the group with increased SI,which was different from that of SI and lactic acid(46.55% vs18.18%,χ 2 =12.237,P<0.001;P<0.05).Lactic acid increased group:11 patients received mechanical ventilation,and the lactic acid levels of all 11 patients increased(P<0.05).Nine patients used vasoactive substances,and their lactic acid levels all increased,with no significant difference(P>0.05).Of the 38 inpatients,24 cases had elevated lactic acid levels(P<0.05).Thirteen patients received mechanical ventilation,and 12 patients had elevated SI,with no statistical significance(P>0.05).Eleven patients were treated with vasoactive agents,and 8 patients had increased SI,with no difference(P>0.05).Among the 39 patients hospitalized,22 cases had increased SI,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions  For patients with severe traumatic shock,when the blood lactic acid level increases,the probability of MODS will be greatly increased.Compared with SI index,lactic acid level has higher application value in predicting the prognosis of patients with severe traumatic shock.
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