论著

妊娠期糖尿病患者 Apo-B、Apo-A1 水平在分娩巨大儿中的预测价值探讨

Predictive value of Apo-B and Apo-A1 levels on macrosomia delivery in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

:1651-1655
 
      目的   探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者载脂蛋白B(Apo-B)、载脂蛋白A1(Apo-A1)水平在分娩巨大儿中的预测价值。方法   选取2023年1月—2024年1月在珠海市第五人民医院建档并进行孕检、分娩的85例GDM患者,按照分娩的新生儿体质量情况分为分娩正常组55例(新生儿体质量<4 000 g)和分娩异常组30例(新生儿体质量≥4 000 g)。比较两组孕妇一般资料及孕早期的Apo-B、Apo-A1、Apo-B/Apo-A1比值,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析Apo-B、Apo-A1、Apo-B/Apo-A1对GDM患者分娩巨大儿的预测价值。结果   分娩异常组Apo-B水平、Apo_B/Apo_A1比值(1.05±0.15)g/L、(0.81±0.23)]高于分娩正常组(0.95±0.12)g/L、(0.65±0.18)](t分别为3.357、3.544,P<0.05);Apo-A1水平[(1.29±0.26)g/L]低于分娩正常组[(1.47±0.23)g/L](t=3.292,P<0.05);ROC曲线显示,Apo-B、Apo-A1水平及Apo-B/Apo-A1比值预测GDM患者分娩巨大儿的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.705、0.660、0.709,灵敏度分别为63.33%、63.33%、66.67%,特异度分别为72.73%、74.55%、76.36%,其中Apo-B/Apo-A1比值预测效能最高(P<0.05)。结论  GDM患者分娩巨大儿与孕早期Apo-B升高、Apo-A1水平降低密切相关,监测患者孕早期的Apo-B、Apo-A1水平及Apo-B/Apo-A1比值有助于临床对分娩巨大儿进行预测。
      Objective  To explore the predictive value of apolipoprotein B(Apo-B)and apolipoprotein A1(Apo-A1)levels on delivery of macrosomia in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods  From January 2023 to January 2024,85 patients with GDM who were filed in the hospital and received pregnancy examination and delivery were selected.According to the neonatal body mass,the patients were divided into 55 cases in normal delivery group(newborn birth weight <4 000 g)and 30 cases in abnormal delivery group( newborn birth weight ≥4 000 g).The general data and levels of Apo-B,Apo-A1 and Apo-B/Apo-A1 in early pregnancy were compared between the two groups.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive value of Apo-B,Apo-A1 and Apo-B/Apo-A1 on delivery of macrosomia in GDM patients.Results  The Apo-B and Apo-B/Apo-A1 in abnormal delivery group were(1.05±0.15)g/L and(0.81±0.23),which were higher than(0.95±0.12)g/L and(0.65±0.18)in normal delivery group(t=3.357,3.544,P<0.05).While the level of Apo-A1 in abnormal delivery group,(1.29±0.26)g/L,was lower than(1.47±0.23)g/L in normal delivery group(t=3.292,P<0.05).ROC curve showed that the areas under the curve(AUC)of Apo-B,Apo-A1 and Apo-B/Apo-A1 in  predicting macrosomia in GDM patients were 0.705,0.660 and 0.709,and the sensitivities were 63.33%,63.33% and 66.67%,and the specificities were 72.73%,74.55% and 76.36%,respectively.Apo-B/Apo-A1 had the highest predictive efficiency(P<0.05).Conclusions  The delivery of macrosomia in GDM patients is closely related to the increase of Apo-B and the decrease of Apo-A1 in early pregnancy.Monitoring Apo-B,Apo-A1 and Apo-B/Apo-A1 in early pregnancy is helpful to predict the delivery of macrosomia.
论著

脓毒性休克患者 TRAF6、ChE 和 APACHE Ⅱ评分与预后的关联及预测价值

Correlation of TRAF6,ChE and APACHE II scores with prognosis and predictive value in patients with septic shock

:1630-1637
 
       目的   探讨脓毒性休克患者肿瘤坏死因子相关受体6 (TRAF6)、胆碱酯酶(ChE)及急性生理学和慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)对预后不良的预测价值。方法   回顾分析2023年2月—2024年3月于某院ICU病区收治的226例脓毒性休克患者的临床资料,基于患者预后情况分为预后良好组(n=151)以及预后不良组(n=75)。回顾226例脓毒性休克患者入院时及治疗后的TRAF6、ChE表达变化,并记录患者APACHEⅡ评分和序贯器官功能衰竭评估(SOFA)评分动态变化;比较并分析两组患者详尽的临床资料,探讨TRAF6、ChE联合APACHE Ⅱ评分之间的关联性以及上述指标对脓毒性休克患者预后情况的临床评估价值。采用Logistic回归来分析对脓毒性休克患者生存状况产生影响的潜在因素。结果   多因素Logistic回归分析,年龄、APACHE Ⅱ评分、SOFA评分、机械通气时间、TRAF6与ChE表达水平均是影响患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05);受试者操作特征曲线分析显示,年龄、APACHE Ⅱ评分、机械通气时间、SOFA评分、TRAF6、ChE表达水平联合预测脓毒性休克患者预后不良的曲线下面积为0.925,高于单独检测的0.689、0.783、0.794、0.781、0.708、0.827。结论   临床需要及时识别高龄、长时间机械通气时间、高APACHE Ⅱ与SOFA评分、高TRAF6和ChE表达水平的高风险患者,TRAF6、ChE表达水平、SOFA评分、APACHE Ⅱ评分可作为评估脓毒性休克患者预后情况的临床指标,联合应用能进一步提升临床价值。
      Objective  To explore the predictive value of tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6(TRAF6),cholinesterase(ChE)and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scove(APACHE II)for adverse prognosis in patients with septic shock.Methods  The clinical data of 226 patients with septic shock admitted to the Intensive Care Unit(ICU) of a hospital from February 2023 to March 2024 were retrospectively analyzed,and the patients were divided into a good prognosis groupn=151)and an adverse prognosis group(n=75)based on their prognosis.The expression of TRAF6 and ChE in 226 patients with septic shock was reviewed at admission and after treatment,while the dynamic changes of APACHE  II score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)score were recorded.Detailed clinical data of the two groups were compared and analyzed to explore the correlation between TRAF6,ChE,APACHE II scores and the clinical evaluation value of the above indexes in the prognosis of patients with septic shock.Logistic regression was used to analyze the potential factors affecting the survival of septic shock patients.Results  Multiple Logistic regression analysis revealed that age,APACHE II score,SOFA score,mechanical ventilation time,TRAF6 and ChE expression levels were independent risk factors for prognosis(P<0.05).Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)curve analysis showed that the area under curve(AUC)was 0.925,which was higher than single index prediction(0.689,0.783,0.794,0.781,0.708 and 0.827).Conclusions  High-risk patients with advanced age,prolonged mechanical ventilation,high APACHE II and SOFA scores,and high TRAF6 and ChE expression levels need to be identified in time.TRAF6,ChE expression levels,SOFA scores,and APACHE  II scores can be used as clinical indicators to evaluate the prognosis of septic shock patients.The combined application of those four indicators can further improve the clinical value.
论著

基于红细胞膜修饰的聚合物载体搭载的纳米靶向药物在骨再生和血管生成中的作用

Bone-targeted nanomedicine based on red blood cell membrane-coated polymeric carriers for bone regeneration and vascularization

:1621-1629
 
       目的   开发一种多功能纳米颗粒输送系统来刺激骨再生和血管形成,用于逆转骨质疏松症。方法   通过制备基于外消旋聚乳酸 Poly(D,L-lactide)即PLA的纳米颗粒来封装淫羊藿苷。随后,通过红细胞膜包被这些纳米颗粒以增强生物相容性。为了提高靶向特异性,进一步合成了由阿仑膦酸盐修饰的聚乙二醇-磷脂酰乙醇胺(PEG-DSPE) 组成的骨靶向聚合物脂质,并将其掺入细胞膜涂层中。结果   多功能纳米颗粒输送系统可通过调节骨髓间充质干细胞 (BMSC)功能,从而增强成骨和血管生成能力。结论   本研究结果表明,多功能纳米颗粒输送系统可以在体外刺激骨形成和血管形成,表明其有成为骨质疏松症先进治疗策略的潜力。
       Objective  To developed a multifunctional nanoparticle system to stimulate bone regeneration and vascularization as a therapeutics strategy for osteopovost.Methods  Poly(D,L-lactide)(PLA)-based nanoparticles were fabricated to encapsulate the icariin,which is renowned for its osteogenic potential.These nanoparticles were then coated with  red blood cell membranes to enhance biocompatibility.To further improve targeting specificity,a bone-targeted polymer-lipid consisting of alendronate-modified PEG-DSPE was synthesized and incorporated into the cell membrane coating.Results  The delivery system was designed to modulate the function of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,thereby enhancing both osteogenesis and angiogenesis.Conclusions  Our findings demonstrated that the therapeutic system could enhance bone formation and vascularization in vitro,indicating its potential as an advanced treatment strategy for osteoporosis.
专家述评

帕金森病细胞替代治疗的现状及进展

Current status and advances in cell replacement therapy for Parkinson’s disease

:1611-1620
 
       帕金森病是全球第二大神经退行性疾病,其根本病理特征为中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元的退变死亡。目前临床一线治疗主要采用左旋多巴替代疗法,然而疗效有限且副作用显著。以补充多巴胺能神经元为基础的细胞替代疗法,能够从根本上解决神经元丢失的问题,具有长远的临床意义。细胞替代治疗的细胞最早来自于胎儿腹侧中脑组织,随着重编程技术的不断发展,已逐步转向人类胚胎干细胞和诱导多能干细胞体外分化的前体细胞。同时,直接在体内重编程,将胶质细胞转分化为多巴胺能神经元,也是一种具有应用潜力的策略。本文系统总结了近年来帕金森病细胞替代疗法的进展和面临的挑战,旨在为该疾病治疗新策略的研究提供参考和启示。
       Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide,characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta.Traditional treatments,primarily involving levodopa for dopamine replacement,offer limited efficacy and associated with significant side effects.Cell  replacement therapies aimed at replenishing dopaminergic neurons provide a promising long-term solution to neuronal loss,with  substantial clinical significance.The initial successful cellular source for transplantation in PD research was fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue.Nevertheless,advancements in  reprogramming technologies have increasingly favored the use of human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells.Additionally,direct in vivo reprogramming,converting glial cells into dopaminergic neurons,has emerged as an alternative strategy for cell replacement therapy.This  review  systematically  summarizes the  recent advances and challenges in cell replacement therapies for PD,with the aim of providing insights and guidance for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the PD.
论著

超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞联合无阿片药全麻在腹腔镜子宫全切术中的应用

Application of ultrasound-guided transverse abdominis plane block combined with opioid-free general anesthesia in laparoscopic total hysterectomy

:1593-1598
 
       目的   探讨超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞(TAP)联合无阿片药全身麻醉(全麻)在腹腔镜子宫全切术中的应用效果。方法   选取武威市凉州医院2021年5月—2023年5月收治的60例择期行腹腔镜子宫全切术患者展开前瞻性研究,应用抽签法将其分为观察组与对照组,各30例。对照组患者实施常规阿片类药物全麻,观察组采用TAP联合无阿片药全身麻醉。对比两组患者入室后(T0)、切皮时(T1)、手术10 min后(T2)和手术结束即刻(T3)生命体征变化,麻醉后监测治疗室(PACU)恢复情况,术后1、4、8、12、24、48 h疼痛程度,最后对比其48 h内不良反应发生率。结果   两组T0、T1、T2、T3时间血氧饱和度(SpO2),T0、T3时间平均动脉压(MAP)、心率水平无明显变化,两组对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),T1、T2时间对照组MAP、心率升高,观察组T1、T2的MAP、心率均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组PACU停留时间、首次肛门排气时间明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后1、4、8、12、24、48 h活动时视觉模量表(VAS)评分与静息时VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后48 h内不良反应发生率比对照组更低(P<0.05)。结论   针对腹腔镜子宫全切术患者采取超声引下TAP联合无阿片药全麻可稳定患者术中生命体征,缩短患者术后恢复时间,减轻疼痛程度,且可降低术后48 h内不良反应发生率。
       Objective  To explore the application effect of ultrasound-guided transverse abdominis plane(TAP)block combined with opioid-free general anesthesia in laparoscopic total hysterectomy.Methods  A prospective study was conducted in 60 patients who underwent selective laparoscopic total hysterectomy in Wuwei Liangzhou Hospital from May 2021 to May 2023.They were divided into a observation group and a control group using a lottery method,30 cases in each group.The control group received routine opioid general anaesthesia,while the observation group received TAP in combination with opioid-free general anaesthesia.Comparing the changes of vital signs after invasion(T0),skin cutting(T1),10 min after operating(T2),the end of surgery(T3),and condition in the post-anesthesia care unit(PACU)after anesthesia,the pain degree at 1 h,4 h,8 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h after surgery,and the incidence of adverse reactions within 48 h.Results  There were no significant changes in blood SpO2,mean arterial pressure(MAP)and heart rate at T0,T1,T2 and T3 in both groups,and no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).MAP and heart rate increased in the control group at T1 and T2,while those in the observation group were lower than the control group(P<0.05).The observation group had significantly shorter PACU time and first anal exhaust time than the control group(P<0.05).VAS scores at 1 h,4 h,8 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h after surgery and VAS score at rest in the observation group were lower than in the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions within 48 h after surgery was lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions  Ultrasound guided TAP combined with opioid-free general anesthesia can stabilize intraoperative vital signs,shorten postoperative recovery time,alleviate postoperative pain,and reduce the incidence of anesthesia related adverse reactions within 48 hours for patients undergoing laparoscopic total hysterectomy.
论著

微波理疗联合康复训练对断指再植患者手指功能和日常生活能力的影响

Effect of microwave physiotherapy combined with rehabilitation training on finger function and daily living ability of patients with severed finger replantation

:1581-
 
       目的   探讨断指再植患者采用微波理疗联合康复训练的影响。方法   回顾性选取2022年1月—2023年12月于福州市第二总医院进行断指再植的患者,采用康复训练的50例患者纳入对照组,采用微波理疗联合康复训练的51例患者纳入观察组,对比两组干预1个月后的毛细血管反应情况、感知恢复情况、疼痛评分、手指功能及日常生活能力情况。结果   干预1个月后, 观察组患指的温度[(28.43±5.86)℃ vs (26.15±5.39)℃,t=2.025,P<0.001]、毛细血管反应[(9.76±2.63)cm/s vs(7.36±2.23)cm/s,t=4.922,P=0.046,]高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的英国医学研究委员会感觉评分[(15.79±3.75)分 vs(11.88±3.13)分,t=5.660,P<0.001]高于对照组;观察组第2周[(3.72±0.88)vs(4.39±0.92)分,t=3.721,P<0.001]、4周后[(2.67±0.32)分 vs(3.03±0.52)分,t=4.169,P=0.001]的视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的密歇根手功能量表(MHQ)评分[(61.05±10.68)分 vs(52.58±10.21)分,t=4.054,P<0.001]高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的生活质量综合评定表(GQLI-74)评分[(320.16±55.25)分 vs(270.85±50.06)分,t=4.677,P<0.001]高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的Barthel指数[(75.71±12.84)分 vs(68.58±12.23)分,t=2.843,P=0.005]高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论   微波理疗联合康复训练能够提高断指再植患者的手指功能,减轻患者疼痛,改善日常生活质量。
       Objective  To explore the effect of microwave physiotherapy combined with  rehabilitation training on finger function and daily living ability of patients with severed finger replantation.Methods  Patients who underwent replantation of severed fingers in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected retrospectively.Fifty patients who received rehabilitation training were included in the control group,51 patients who were intervened by microwave physiotherapy combined with rehabilitation training were included in the observation group.The blood circulation,sensory recovery,pain score,finger function and daily living ability of the two groups were compared.Results  The temperature([28.43±5.86]℃ vs [26.15±5.39]℃,t=2.025,P<0.001) and capillary reaction([9.76±2.63]cm/s vs [7.36±2.23]cm/s,t=4.922,P=0.046) of the affected fingers in the observation group were higher(P<0.05).The sensory score([15.79±3.75] vs [11.88±3.13],t=5.660,P<0.001)of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The visual analogue scale(VAS)scores of the observation group at the second week([3.72±0.88] vs [4.39±0.92],t=3.721,P<0.001) and four weeks later([2.67±0.32]vs [3.03±0.52],t=4.169,P=0.001)were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).The  score of Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnair(MHQ)([61.05±10.68] vs [52.58±10.21],t=4.054,P<0.001) in the observation group was higher(P<0.05).The GQLI-74 score([320.16±55.25] vs [270.85±50.06]) and Barthel index([75.71±12.84] vs[68.58±12.23],t=2.843,P=0.005)in the observation group were higher(P<0.05).Conclusions  Microwave physiotherapy combined with rehabilitation training can improve the finger function,relieve the pain and improve the quality of daily life of patients with severed fingers.
论著

2022—2024 年江西省南昌市东湖区孕妇碘营养状况与食用碘盐监测分析

Survey on the iodine nutrition status and iodined salt monitoring of pregnant women in Donghu District, Nanchang City,Jiangxi Province from 2022 to 2024

:1569-1573
 
       目的   调查江西省南昌市东湖区孕妇2022—2024年碘营养状况与盐碘监测情况,为区域干预提供依据。方法   将江西省南昌市东湖区划分为东、南、西、北、中5个片区,每个片区随机抽取一个街道(管理处),于每年5月份随机抽取各街道(管理处)20名孕妇,每年共抽取100名孕妇,3年共计300名孕妇,采集其尿液样本和家中食用盐样本检测碘含量,以统计学方法进行分析。结果  3年来孕妇家庭食用盐碘含量中位数为23.02 mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率为98.67%,碘盐合格率为95.33%,3年的食用盐碘含量比较差异有统计学意义(H=38.545,P<0.05)。孕妇的尿碘水平中位数为115.15 μg/mL,3年来孕妇的尿碘水平中位数均低于150 μg/mL,有62.67%的孕妇碘缺乏,3年间的尿碘水平比较差异有统计学意义(H=9.392,P<0.05),其中2024年的尿碘水平中位数为140.00 μg/mL,校正后高于2022年(Z=2.693,P<0.0167)和2023年(Z=2.590,P<0.0167)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示孕妇尿碘水平与盐碘含量及碘盐质量均无相关性(均P0.05),孕妇碘营养状况与盐碘含量及碘盐质量均无相关性(均P>0.05),孕妇尿碘水平与碘营养状况正相关(rs=0.857,P<0.05),盐碘含量与碘盐质量正相关(rs=0.314,P<0.05)。结论   江西省南昌市东湖区2024年孕妇碘缺乏有所改善,但整体形势严峻,超半数的孕妇碘缺乏,食用碘盐基本符合国家消除碘缺乏病标准,但仍需改进。卫生部门要强化孕妇碘营养监测,向孕妇科普碘缺乏病知识,增强补碘意识,促其科学补碘。盐业监管部门需加大监管,严控碘盐质量,确保东湖区居民食盐合格。
       Objective  To investigate the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women and iodined salt monitoring in Donghu District,Nanchang City,Jiangxi Province from 2022 to 2024,and provide a basis for regional intervention.Methods  Donghu District was divided into five areas:East,South,West,North,and Central.A street(management office)was randomly selected from each area,and 20 pregnant women were randomly selected from each street(management office)in May each year.A total of 100 pregnant women were selected each year,for a total of 300 pregnant women over three years.Urine samples and household salt samples were collected to detect iodine content,and statistical analysis was conducted.Results  Over the past three years,the median iodine content in the cooking salt consumed by pregnant women’s families was 23.02 mg/kg,the iodized salt coverage rate was 98.67%,and the iodized salt qualification rate was 95.33%.There were differences in the iodine content of cooking salt in the three years(H=38.545,P<0.05).The median urinary iodine level of pregnant women was 115.15 μg/mL.In the past three years,the median urinary iodine levels of pregnant women were all lower than 150 μg/ml,and 62.67% of pregnant women were iodine-deficient.There were differences in the urinary iodine levels in the three years(H=9.392,P<0.05).Among them,the median urinary iodine level in 2024 was 140.00 μg/mL,which was significantly higher than that in 2022(Z=2.693,P<0.0167)and 2023Z=2.590,P<0.0167)after correcting the significance level.Spearman correlation analysis  results showed that there was no correlation between the urinary iodine level of pregnant women with the iodine content and quality of iodized salt(all P>0.05),and there was no correlation between the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women with the iodine content and quality of iodized salt(all P>0.05).The urinary iodine level in pregnant women is positively correlated with their iodine nutritional status(rs=0.857,P<0.05),and the iodine content in salt is positively correlated with the quality of iodized salt(rs=0.314,P<0.05).Conclusions  In 2024,the iodine deficiency among pregnant women in Donghu District,Nanchang City,Jiangxi Province was improved,but the overall situation is still severe.More than half of pregnant women were iodine-deficient.The consumption of iodized salt basically met the national standards for eliminating iodine deficiency disorders,but still needed to be improved.The health department should strengthen the monitoring of iodine nutrition among pregnant women,popularize knowledge about iodine deficiency disorders to pregnant women,enhance their awareness of iodine supplementation,and promote their scientific iodine supplementation.The salt industry supervision department needs to strengthen supervision,strictly control the quality of iodized salt,and ensure that the cooking salt of residents in Donghu District is qualified.
论著

急性缺血性脑卒中介入治疗优化护理路径的构建及应用

Development and application of an optimized nursing pathway for endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke

:1563-1568
 
       目的   探讨优化护理路径在急性缺血性脑卒中介入手术中的应用及效果。方法   采用随机对照研究,纳入2024年1月—2025年1月收治的112例急性缺血性脑卒中取栓患者,观察组(56例)实施优化介入护理路径,对照组(56例)采用常规护理。结果   观察组患者的满意度评分、医护满意度评分均优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的术前等待时间、患者自进入介入室至股动脉穿刺时间、手术时间、住院费用、并发症发生率、差错事故发生率也优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论   通过标准化术前准备、术中多学科协作及术后康复衔接,优化护理路径可显著提升急性缺血性脑卒中治疗时效性(缩短急性脑卒中患者从进入医院到开始静脉溶栓给药的时间至黄金时间窗内),改善患者神经功能预后。
       Objective  To explore the application and efficacy of an optimized nursing pathway in endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke(AIS).Methods  A randomized controlled trial was conducted,enrolling 112 AIS patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy from January 2024 to January 2025.Patients were randomly assigned to either the observation groupn=56),which received the optimized interventional nursing pathway,or the control group(n=56),which  received  routine nursing care.Results  Patient satisfaction score,medical staff satisfaction score,and postoperative favorable  recovery  rate in observation group were better than those of control group(P<0.05).Additionally,the observation group  showed  significant improvements in preoperative waiting time,time from entering the operation room to femoral artery puncture,surgical duration,hospitalization costs,complication incidence rate,and medical error incidence rate(P<0.05).Conclusions  By standardizing preoperative preparations,implementing intraoperative multidisciplinary collaboration,and enhancing postoperative  rehabilitation coordination,the optimized nursing pathway significantly improved the timeliness of thrombectomy treatment(shortening door-to-needle time to reach the golden time window)and enhanced neurological functional prognosis in AIS patients,demonstrating substantial clinical applicability.
论著

中深度镇静下行婴幼儿泪道探通术的临床疗效观察

Clinical observation of therapeutic effect of lacrimal duct probing in infants and young children under moderate and deep sedation

:1549-1554
 
       目的   探讨口服水合氯醛与鼻内给予右美托咪定中深度镇静下行泪道探通术治疗婴幼儿先天性泪道阻塞的疗效、并发症及安全性。方法   随机选择2021年2月—2023年6月在广州医科大学附属妇女儿童医疗中心就诊的先天性泪道阻塞患儿,将其分为观察组和对照组,观察组行中深度镇静后进行泪道探通术,对照组进行表麻下泪道探通术,对比两组的治愈率及并发症发生率。结果   观察组共76例(97眼),总治愈率98.97%,分为3组,6~12月龄组41例(53眼),12~18月龄组14例(15眼),18~36月龄组21例(29眼),对照组共84例(116眼),总治愈率93.10%,6~12月龄组55例(70眼),12~18月龄组15例(24眼),18~36月龄14例(22眼),观察组泪道探通术治愈率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ 2 =4.49,P<0.05)。观察组一次探通的成功率为92.78%,高于对照组61.21%,差异有统计学意义(χ 2 =26.86,P<0.05)。观察组二次探通的成功率为85.71%,高于对照组44.44%,差异有统计学意义(χ 2 =4.13,P<0.05)。发生的并发症主要是出血、皮下水肿、感染、假道形成,观察组并发症的发生率4.12%,低于对照组15.52%,差异有统计学意义χ 2 =7.40,P<0.05)。观察组中2例患儿口服水合氯醛出现恶心呕吐,改为右美托咪定滴鼻。3例患儿右美托咪定滴鼻后出现口唇苍白,持续10~15 min即可缓解。其余均未有不良反应。结论   中深度镇静下给予婴幼儿泪道阻塞患儿行泪道探通术相比传统表麻下泪道探通术疗效更好,并发症较少,对孩子的心理创伤小,安全且经济实惠。
       Objective  To explore the efficacy,complications and safety of moderate and deep  sedation  under oral administration of chloral hydrate and intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine for the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction(CNLDO) in infants and young children.Methods  Children with CNLDO who visited our hospital from February 2021 to June 2023 were randomly selected and divided into the observation group and the control group.The observation group was performed with lacrimal duct probing after moderate and deep sedation,while the control group was performed with lacrimal duct probing under surface anesthesia.The cure rate and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Adverse reactions after using sedatives were observed.Results  The observation group consisted of 76 cases(97 eyes),with a total cure rate of 98.97%.They were divided into three groups:41 cases(53 eyes)in the aged 6-12 months group,14 cases(15 eyes)in the aged 12-18 months group,and 21 cases(29 eyes)in the aged 18-36 months group.The control group consisted of 84 cases(116 eyes),with a total cure rate of 93.10%.There were 55 cases(70 eyes)in the aged 6-12 months group,15 cases(24 eyes)in the aged 12-18 months group,and 14 cases(22 eyes)in the aged 18-36 months group.The cure rate of lacrimal duct probing in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(χ 2 =4.49,P<0.05).The success  rate of the first probing in the observation group was 92.78%,significantly higher than that in the control group of 61.21%(χ 2 =26.86,P<0.05).The success rate of the second probing in the observation group was 85.71%,significantly higher than that in the control group of 44.44%(χ 2 =4.13,P<0.05).The incidence of complications mainly were bleeding,subcutaneous edema,infection,and false passage formation.The incidence of complications in the observation group was 4.12%,lower than that in the control group 15.52%,and the difference was statistically significant(χ 2 =7.40,P<0.05).Two cases in the observation group experienced nausea and vomiting after taking chloral hydrate orally,and were replaced with dexmedetomidine nasal drops.Three cases of pediatric patients showed pale lips after nasal administration of dexmedetomidine,which lasted for 10-15 minutes and could be relieved.No other adverse reactions were observed.Conclusions  Under moderate and deep sedation,lacrimal duct probing treatment for infants and young children with CNLDO showed better therapeutic effects,fewer complications,less psychological trauma to these patients,which is safe and cost-effective,and is suitable for promotion compared to under traditional surface anesthesia.
论著

小儿面颈部皮下良性肿物的影像学特征及微创治疗研究

Imaging characteristics and minimally invasive treatment of pediatric subcutaneous benign tumors in the face and neck

:1525-1530
 
       目的   研究小儿面颈部皮下良性肿物的影像学特点及经头皮区域或腋窝软组织腔镜微创治疗小儿头颈部皮下良性肿物的可行性、临床疗效及安全性。方法   回顾分析2024年1月—2024年8月在广州医科大学附属妇女儿童医疗中心治疗的24例小儿面颈部皮下肿物的病例,患儿年龄为1~5岁,平均年龄1.5岁,其中男15例、女9例;分别为甲状舌管囊肿10例,鳃裂瘘5例,前额皮下肿物5例,颈淋巴结增大3例,颈部皮下肿物1例。分析其影像学特点(超声及CT检查),制定了经头皮区域软组织腔镜微创治疗前额皮下肿物和颈淋巴结活组织检查(活检)或经腋窝软组织腔镜微创治疗甲状舌管囊肿和鳃裂瘘。结果  24例小儿面颈部皮下良性肿物的共同影像学特点是位于浅层,边界清晰,圆形或者椭圆形,对周围组织轻度压迫,无侵犯。所有病例均顺利完成微创手术,出血少,无手术并发症,术后恢复好。术后病理检查均提示良性肿物,面部及颈部均无手术瘢痕。结论   小儿面颈部皮下良性肿瘤的影像学特点是位于浅层,边界清晰。经头皮区域和腋窝软组织腔镜微创治疗小儿面颈部肿物效果确切、安全性高、美观。
       Objective  To  study the imaging characteristics of  subcutaneous  benign tumors in the face and  neck of children,as well as the feasibility,efficacy,and safety of minimally invasive treatment of subcutaneous benign tumors in the head and neck of children through hair area or axillary soft tissue endoscopy.Methods  A  retrospective analysis was conducted on 24 cases of subcutaneous tumors in the face and neck of children treated in our hospital from January to August 2024.Age  range was 1-5 years old,with an average of 1.5 years old.There were 15 boys and 9 girls.There were 10 cases of thyroglossal duct cyst,5 cases of branchial fistula,5 cases of subcutaneous mass on the forehead,3 cases of enlarged cervical lymph nodes,and 1 case of subcutaneous mass on the neck.Imaging characteristics(ultrasound and CT examination)and minimally invasive treatment effects were analyzed,to determine the procedure of minimally invasive treatment of subcutaneous tumors in the forehead and cervical lymph node biopsy by soft tissue endoscopy in the scalp area,and minimally invasive treatment of thyroglossal duct cysts and branchial fistulas through axillary by soft tissue endoscopy.Results  The imaging characteristics of subcutaneous benign tumors in children’s face and neck were located in the shallow layer,with clear boundaries,round or oval shapes,mild compression of surrounding tissues,and no invasion.All cases successfully underwent minimally invasive surgery with minimal bleeding,no  surgical complications,and good postoperative recovery.Postoperative pathological examination confirmed as benign masses.There were no surgical scars on the face and neck.Conclusions  The imaging characteristics of subcutaneous benign tumors in children’s face and neck are located in the shallow layer with clear boundaries.Minimally invasive endoscopic treatment of pediatric face and neck tumors through the scalp area and axillary soft tissue is effective,safe,and aesthetically pleasing.
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