论著

无管化微创 PCNL 治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石的效果

The effect of tubeless minimally invasive PCNL in the treatment of incarcerated upper ureteral calculi

:398-402
 
       目的   探讨无管化微创PCNL(经皮肾镜取石术)治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石的效果。方法   将中山大学附属第一医院惠亚医院2019年12月—2021年12月收治的95例嵌顿性输尿管上段结石患者按照随机数字表法分组,给予对照组47例患者经尿道输尿管镜碎石术(TURL)治疗、观察组48例患者无管化微创PCNL治疗,观察两组手术一般状况、血清学指标、肾脏血流动力学以及并发症发生情况。结果   观察组手术时间、术后血尿以及住院时间均短于对照组,观察组术中出血量少于对照组,观察组结石清除率高于对照组(P<0.05);术后1 d观察组肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)、中性粒细胞明胶相关脂脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)以及胱抑素C(Cys-C)水平低于对照组(P<0.05);两组肾动脉收缩期血流速度(Vs)以及舒张末期血流速度(Vd)对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组并发症发生率(4.16%)低于对照组(19.15%)P<0.05)。结论   无管化微创PCNL可改善嵌顿性输尿管上段结石手术一般状况,减轻患者肾脏损伤,提高结石清除率,不影响肾脏血流,且并发症更少。
       Objective  To explore the effect of tubeless minimally invasive(percutaneous nephrolithotomy,PCNL)in the treatment of impacted upper ureteral stones.Methods  A total of 95 patients with impacted upper ureteral stones admitted to our hospital from December 2019 to December 2021 were grouped according to the random number table method.Control group of 47 cases were treated with transurethral ureteroscopy lithotripsy(TURL),48 patients in the observation group were given tubeless minimally invasive PCNL treatment.The general surgical conditions,serological indicators,renal hemodynamics and complications of the two groups were observed.Results  The operation time,postoperative hematuria and hospitalization time of the observation group were shorter than those of the control group,the intraoperative bleeding volume of the observation group was less than that of the control group,and the stone free rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).One day after surgery,the levels of kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1),lipocalin(NGAL)and cystatin C(Cys-C)in the observation groupwere lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);the renal artery systolic blood flow velocity(Vs)and end-diastolic blood flow velocity(Vd)had no statistical significance(P>0.05);the incidence of complications in the observation group(4.16%)was lower than that in the control group(19.15%)(P<0.05).Conclusions  Tubeless minimally invasive PCNL can improve the general conditions of surgery,reduce kidney damage,increase stone free rate,does not affect renal blood flow,and has fewer complications.
论著

清醒镇静在急性缺血性脑卒中血管内治疗中的应用效果及预后

Effect of conscious sedation in the application of endovascular treatment and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke

:382-386
 
       目的   探讨清醒镇静应用在急性缺血性脑卒中血管内治疗中的效果。方法   选择2020年1月—2023年3月医院接收的急性缺血性脑卒中患者82例进行研究,按随机数表法分为2组,每组各41例,两组采取溶栓与取栓治疗,对照组采取全身麻醉方式,观察组采取清醒镇静方式,记录两组治疗相关参数,比较两组近期疗效、并发症发生情况及预后。结果   观察组入院到腹股沟穿刺时间(95.52±3.63)min、穿刺至血管再通时间(72.25±5.58)min低于对照组(112.25±4.18)min、(102.45±10.63)min(t=19.349,P<0.05);观察组ICU时间(7.81±2.63)d、住院时间(13.75±3.64)d,与对照组(8.05±2.81)d、(14.52±4.07)d比较差异无统计学意义(t分别为0.524、0.399、0.902,P分别为0.601、0.690、0.369)。观察组近期总有效39例(95.12%)与对照组37例(90.24%)比较差异无统计学意义χ 2 =0.719,P=0.396)。观察组症状性颅内出血3例(7.32%)与对照组6例(14.63%)比较差异无统计学意义(χ 2 =1.123,P=0.289);观察组脑水肿4例(9.76%)、坠积性肺炎12例(29.27%),低于对照组7例(17.07%)、18例(43.90%)(χ 2分别为4.969、6.962,P分别为0.025、0.008)。观察组预后良好21例(51.22%)高于对照组10例(24.39%)(χ 2 =6.275,P=0.012)。结论   急性缺血性脑卒中患者溶栓与取栓治疗中采取清醒镇静方式可获得与全身麻醉相近的疗效,而且可进一步缩短治疗时间,促进血管快速再通,减少相关并发症,使患者获得更好的预后。
       Objective  To investigate the conscious sedation effect of endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke.Methods  A total of 82 patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the hospital from January 2020 to March 2023 were selected and divided into two groups according to the random number table method,with 41 cases in each group.The two groups were treated with thrombolysis and thrombectomy,the control group was treated with general anesthesia,and the observation group was treated with conscious sedation.The short-term efficacy,complications and prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results  The time from admission to groin puncture [(95.52±3.63)min] and time from puncture to vascular  recanalization [(72.25±5.58)min] in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group [(112.25±4.18)min,(102.45±10.63)min](t=19.349,P<0.05).Observation group ICU time,length of hospital stay(7.81+2.63)d(13.75+3.64)d,and the control group(8.05+2.81)d,(14.52-4.07)d  had  no  statistically  significant  difference in comparison(t were 0.524,0.399,0.902,P were 0.601,0.690,0.369).Recent total effective cases observation in group was 39(95.12%)and control group was 37(90.24%),there was no statistically significant difference comparing(χ 2 =0.719,P=0.396).Observation group had symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in three patients(7.32%)and control group had six cases(14.63%),there was no statistically significant difference(χ 2 =1.123,P=0.289).There were four cases(9.76%)of brain edema and 12 cases(29.27%)of hypostatic pneumonia in the observation group,which were significantly lower than seven cases(17.07%)and 18 cases(43.90%)in the control group(χ 2 =4.969,6.962,P=0.025,0.008).The number of patients with good prognosis in the observation group(21 cases,51.22%)was significantly higher than that in the control group(10 cases,24.39%)χ 2 =6.275,P=0.012).Conclusions In the treatment of acute ischemic stroke patients with thrombolysis and thrombectomy,conscious sedation can achieve the same efficacy as general anesthesia,and can further shorten the treatment time,promote  rapid recanalization of blood vessels and reduce related complications,so that patients can get a better prognosis.
论著

基于 BCVA 和角膜水肿程度探讨改良与常规小梁切除术治疗急性闭角型青光眼的临床价值

Based on BCVA and modified with conventional corneal edema degree to explore the clinical value of treatment of acute angle-closure glaucoma trabeculectomy

:366-371
 
       目的   基于最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、角膜水肿程度对比改良与常规小梁切除术治疗急性闭角型青光眼(AACG)的疗效。方法   回顾性收集2021年12月—2023年6月期间信阳爱尔眼科医院收治的112例AACG患者作为研究对象,依据1∶1匹配原则,将接受常规小梁切除术的56例患者作为对照组,接受改良小梁切除术的56例患者作为观察组,统计两组围术期BCVA、眼压、术后浅前房形成状况、角膜水肿程度以及并发症状况。结果   术后3个月,观察组视力为(0.63±0.04)logMAR,高于对照组(0.50±0.03)logMAR,眼压为(16.22±2.28)mmHg,低于对照组(19.95±2.31)mmHg(t=19.457、8.600,均P<0.05);观察组浅前房发生率为8.93%,低于对照组的26.79%(χ 2 =6.087,P=0.014);观察组角膜水肿状况优于对照组(Z=2.737,P=0.006);观察组脉络膜脱离率、滤道阻塞率、前房积血率、虹膜炎症率依次为1.79%、5.36%、16.07%、10.71%,均低于对照组17.86%、23.21%、32.14%、35.71%(χ 2 =8.166、7.292、3.953、9.818,均P<0.05)。结论   较常规小梁切除术,改良小梁切除术治疗AACG患者,有助于改善视力、降低眼压、减轻角膜水肿、减少浅前房发生,且安全性较高。
       Objective  To compare the efficacy of modified and conventional trabeculectomy in the treatment of acute angle-closure glaucoma(AACG)based on best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and degree of corneal edema.Methods  A total of 112 patients with AACG admitted to the hospital during December 2021 to June 2023 were retrospectively selected as study objects.According to the 1∶1 matching principle,56 patients receiving conventional trabeculectomy were selected as control group,and 56 patients receiving modified trabeculectomy were selected as observation group.Perioperative BCVA,intraocular pressure,postoperative shallow anterior chamber formation,degree of corneal edema and complications were analyzed.Results  At three months postoperatively,visual acuity in the observation group was(0.63±0.04)logMAR,which was higher than that in the control group(0.50±0.03)logMAR,and intraocular pressure was(16.22±2.28)mmHg,which was lower than that in the control group(19.95±2.31)mmHg(t=19.457,8.600,P<0.05);the incidence of shallow anterior chamber in the observation group was 8.93%,which was lower than that of the control group(26.79%)(χ 2 =6.087,P=0.014);the corneal edema status in the observation group was better than that of the control group(Z=2.737,P=0.006);the rates of choroidal detachment,filtering channel obstruction,hyphema,and iris inflammation in the observation group were 1.79%,5.36%,16.07%,and 10.71%,respectively,which were lower than those of the control group(17.86%,23.21%,32.14%,and 35.71%)(χ 2 =8.166,7.292,3.953,and 9.818,P<0.05).Conclusions  Compared with conventional trabeculectomy,modified trabeculectomy can improve visual acuity,reduce intraocular pressure,relieve corneal edema,and reduce the occurrence of shallow anterior chamber in patients with AACG,with higher safety.
综述

2 型糖尿病合并骨质疏松的药物治疗进展

Advances in the pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with osteoporosis

:316-322
 
       随着糖尿病发病率不断攀升,人们逐渐聚焦于糖尿病合并骨质疏松。围绕此疾病,国内外学者开展了广泛而深入的研究,临床实践聚焦于两点:糖尿病的精准治疗和骨质疏松的有效干预。在确保血糖稳定的基础上,致力于抑制骨吸收、促进骨形成。在此治疗理念指导下,临床医生应当更加全面了解血糖管理与抗骨质疏松药物的作用机制并合理应用,更大程度改善患者的临床症状及预后。然而,药物作用机制复杂,联合应用存在潜在药物相互作用问题。未来研究方向包括探索更安全有效的联合治疗方案,更加精确化地治疗以提高临床疗效。文章分析了降糖药物及抗骨质疏松药物对疾病的疗效,并展望未来的研究方向,旨在为临床实践提供更为深刻与全面的指导。
    As the incidence of diabetes mellitus continues to rise,people are also gradually focusing on diabetes mellitus combined with osteoporosis,which puts patients at a higher risk of fragility fracture.Scholars at home and abroad have conducted extensive and in-depth research around this condition,and clinical practice has focused on two points:first,the precise treatment of diabetes,and second,the effective intervention of osteoporosis.On the basis of ensuring blood glucose stabilization,we are committed to inhibiting bone resorption and promoting bone formation.Under the guidance of this therapeutic concept,we should have a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of action of blood glucose management and anti-osteoporosis drugs and apply them rationally,aiming to improve the clinical symptoms and prognosis of patients to a greater extent through dual intervention.However,the mechanism of action of different drugs is complex,and there are potential drug-drug interactions and safety issues associated with their combined use.Future research directions should include exploring  safer and more effective combination therapies,developing novel drugs,and more precise and individualized treatments to improve clinical efficacy.This article analyzes the efficacy of glucose-lowering drugs and anti-osteoporosis drugs on the disease and looks forward to future research directions,aiming to provide more profound and comprehensive guidance for clinical practice.
专家述评

结直肠癌肝转移的分子机制及临床治疗的研究进展

Advances in the emerging mechanisms and treatment progress on liver metastasis of colorectal cancer

:288-299
 
       结直肠癌(CRC)是全球第三大最常见的癌症,也是癌症相关死亡的第二大常见原因。结直肠癌肝转移(CRLM)是导致CRC患者死亡的主要原因,根治性肝切除术是目前有望治愈CRLM的唯一途径,但大部分患者不能进行根治性肝切除术。通过早期发现并进行针对性干预,能够改善患者的治疗效果及预后。文章通过综述CRLM的发病机制、诊疗现状及最新纳米诊疗方法,为深入探索高效诊疗方法提供思路。
      Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide.Colorectal cancer liver metastases(CRLM)are the leading cause of death in patients with CRC.Radical hepatectomy is the only way to cure CRLM so far,while most patients cannot undergo radical hepatectomy.CRLM treatment efficacy and prognosis can be improved by early diagnosis and specialized intervention.This paper reviews the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment status of CRLM and the latest nano-diagnosis and treatment methods so as to provide ideas for in-depth exploration of efficient diagnosis and treatment methods.
综述

大柴胡汤合大承气汤在急性胰腺炎治疗中的研究进展

Research progress on Dachaihu Decoction combined with Dachengqi Decoction in the treatment of acute pancreatitis

:252-259
 
       急性胰腺炎(AP)是一种常见的消化系统急症。随着生活水平的提高,其重症发病率也逐年增加。中西医结合治疗急性胰腺炎在临床实践中展现出优势。近年来,大柴胡汤合大承气汤在治疗急性胰腺炎方面药理机制的研究不断延伸,同时对方药中的药理活性成分也在不断深入研究。该文旨在整理相关研究,综述大柴胡汤合大承气汤治疗急性胰腺炎的理论基础、临床应用、药物活性成分、药理机制等,以期为临床实践和进一步深入研究提供参考。
        Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common gastrointestinal emergency.With the improvement of living standards,the incidence of severe AP has been increasing year by year.The combined treatment of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has shown advantages in the clinical practice of acute pancreatitis.In recent years,the pharmacological mechanism of Dachaihu Decoction combined with Dachengqi Decoction in the treatment of acute pancreatitis has been continuously studied,and the pharmacological active components in the prescription are also being explored.This article aims to summarize  relevant  research on the theoretical basis,clinical application,active ingredients and pharmacological mechanism of Dachaihu Decoction combined with Dachengqi Decoction in the treatment of acute pancreatitis,providing reference for clinical practice and further research.
综述

胰源性门静脉高压的临床诊断和治疗研究进展

Progress in clinical diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic segmental portal hypertension

:247-251
 
       胰源性门静脉高压(PSPH)是由脾静脉(SV)流通受阻引起的一种临床综合征,在临床较为罕见且对患者造成生命威胁,但却为门静脉高压唯一可治愈的类型。其主要发病诱因是胰腺原发疾病,通常为胰腺急(慢)性炎症、胰腺占位性病变和胰腺手术操作导致。1型孤立性食管胃底静脉曲张、脾大、脾功能亢进是PSPH的主要临床表现特征,其中食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血是PSPH最为严重的并发症;患者若表现为肝功能正常但出现原因不明脾肿大并伴有消化道出血症状,应考虑可能出现了PSPH。PSPH的治疗可分为胰腺原发病、门静脉高压及并发症的综合性诊治。本文旨在回顾PSPH的相关文献,对其有关临床诊断与治疗现状进行综述,以期指导医务工作者在临床中尽早发现PSPH并对患者及时有效治疗。
       Pancreatic segmental portal hypertension(PSPH)is a clinical syndrome caused by spleen vein(SV)occlusion or stenosis.It is a rare and life-threatening hemorrhagic disease of the upper digestive tract,but it is the only curable type of portal hypertension.The main cause is primary pancreatic disease,which is usually due to acute or chronic pancreatic inflammation,pancreatic space-occupying lesions and pancreatic surgery.Type 1 isolated esophagogastric varices,splenomegaly and hypersplenism are the main clinical features of PSPH,and esophagogastric variceal bleeding is the most serious complication of PSPH.PSPH  should  be  considered in  patients with  normal liver function  but  unexplained  splenomegaly  accompanied  by gastrointestinal bleeding.The treatment of PSPH can be divided into a comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of primary pancreatic disease,portal hypertension and complications.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to review relevant literature of PSPH,the relevant clinical diagnosis and treatment status quo were summerized,in order to guide the medical workers in clinical PSPH,early detection and timely and effective treatment for patients.
论著

基于网络药理学与分子对接技术研究白头翁汤治疗细菌性痢疾的潜在活性成分及作用机制

Research on potential active ingredients and mechanisms of Baitouweng Decoction in the treatment of bacterial dysentery through network pharmacology and molecular docking

:216-227
 
       目的  采用网络药理学方法与分子对接技术分析白头翁汤治疗细菌性痢疾(BD)的潜在活性成分与作用机制。方法  借助中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)及PubChem数据库检索筛选白头翁汤方的化学成分和作用靶点,通过Uniprot数据库校正基因名,同时通过比较毒物基因组学数据库(CTD)、药物靶标数据库(TTD)、GeneCards数据库和药物和药物靶标数据库(DRUGBANK)获得BD相关疾病靶点。经在线绘图平台微生信分析“活性成分-疾病”交集靶点,使用Cyoscape 3.7.2软件构建可视化的中药-活性成分-靶点网络、蛋白质互作网络,筛选潜在的关键活性成分与核心靶点;通过Metascape数据库对进行靶点的基因本体(GO)功能分析和京都百科全书基因和基因组通路数据库(KEGG)通路富集分析,同时使用Cyoscape 3.7.2软件构建基因-通路网络,筛选潜在的通路及其作用机制。同时采用分子对接技术对白头翁汤中关键活性成分和BD核心靶点进行分析。结果  白头翁汤共筛选出266个潜在活性成分,其中,槲皮素、β-谷甾醇、异鼠李素、异延胡索单酚碱、小檗红碱、豆甾醇等66个关键活性成分可通过肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2(PTGS2)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1(AKT1)、血管内皮生长因子A(VEGFA)、V-rel网状内皮细胞病毒癌基因同源物A(RELA)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(CASP3)、白细胞介素-8(CXCL8)、白细胞介素-1B(IL-1B)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶1(MAPK1)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)等33个潜在交集靶点作用于BD。GO基因功能分析共得到生物过程(BP)条目20个、细胞组成(CC)条目6个、分子功能(MF)条目9个(P<0.01),主要涉及外部凋亡过程、细胞迁移正向调控、细胞因子受体结合、蛋白同源二聚活性、TNF受体超家族结合等生物进程。KEGG通路富集分析确定13条信号通路(P<0.01),主要涉及癌症信号通路、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)信号通路等关键通路。分子对接结果显示槲皮素、β-谷甾醇、异鼠李素、异延胡索单酚碱等核心活性成分与TNF、IL-6、PTGS2核心靶点具有良好的结合效应(结合能<-5 kJ/mol)。结论  白头翁汤主要通过槲皮素、β-谷甾醇等潜在的多种活性成分作用于TNF、IL-6、IL-1B、PTGS2、AKT1、VEGFA等潜在的关键靶点调控IL-17等信号通路,从而发挥治疗细菌性痢疾的作用,符合中药复方多成分、多靶标、多途径起效的显著特征。
      Objective To analyze the potential active ingredients and mechanism of Baitouweng Decoction in the treatment of bacillary dysentery(BD)by means of network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.Methods With the help of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database,TCMSP)and PubChem database to search and screen the chemical composition and target of Baitouweng Decoction,the gene name was corrected through the Uniprot database,and the CTD database,TTD database,GeneCards database and DRUGBANK database obtain BD-related disease targets.The intersection target was obtained through the online  drawing platform,and Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to construct a network of Pulsatilla active ingredient-component disease intersection target.The protein-protein interaction analysis of the intersection target was performed through the String database,and the Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used for visualization.The Metascape database platform performed GO function analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on the target to predict its mechanism of action.The  key active ingredient compounds in Baitouweng Decoction were molecularly docked with the core protein in the intersection target.Results A total of 266 potential active ingredients in Baitouweng Decoction were screened,of which 66 key active ingredients such as quercetin,β-sitosterol,isorhamnetin,Isocorypalmine,berberine,stigmasterol,etc.It acts on BD through 33 potential intersection targets such as TNF,IL-6,PTGS2,AKT1,VEGFA,RELA,CASP3,CXCL8,IL-1B,MAPK1,IL-10.GO gene function analysis yielded a total of 20 biological process(BP)entries,6 cell composition(CC)entries,and 9 molecular function(MF)entries(P<0.01),which mainly involve external apoptosis process and positive regulation of cell migration,Cytokine receptor binding,protein homodimerization activity,tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily binding and other biological processes.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified 13 signal pathways(P<0.01),mainly related to key pathways such as cancer signal pathway and IL-17 signal pathway.The results of molecular docking showed that the core active ingredients such as quercetin,β-sitosterol,isorhamnetin,Isocorypalmine and TNF,IL-6,PTGS2 core targets have good binding effects(binding energy <-5 KJ /mol).Conclusions Baitouweng Decoction modulated signaling pathways involving IL-17 through its active constituents like quercetin and β-sitosterol,targeting key molecules such as TNF,IL-6,IL-1β,PTGS2,AKT1,and VEGFA,reflecting the multi-target therapeutic approach of traditional Chinese medicine.
综述

浆细胞性乳腺炎的中西医结合治疗进展

Progress of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment of plasma cell mastitis

:56-61
 
       近年来浆细胞性乳腺炎的发病率逐渐升高,已占乳腺疾病的4%~5%,该病易反复发作,经久不愈,抗生素、糖皮质激素、抗结核药、他莫昔芬等治疗效果不明显,单纯手术切除如切除范围小极易复发,而切除范围大则乳腺外形变化较大,严重者甚至需要切除乳腺。乳腺外形的缺损改变对患者身心健康造成伤害。随着研究不断深入,采用中西医结合治疗浆细胞性乳腺炎,可取得较好的治疗效果,降低复发率,而且对乳腺外观无影响。该文通过对文献的整理,对中西医结合治疗浆细胞性乳腺炎进行论述。
       In recent years,the incidence of plasma cell mastitis has gradually increased,accounting for 4 % ~ 5 % of breast diseases.The disease is prone to repeated attacks and unhealed for a long time.The treatment effect of antibiotics,glucocorticoids,anti-tuberculosis drugs and tamoxifen is not obvious.Simple surgical  resection is easy to  relapse if the  resection range is small,while the shape of the breast changes greatly,if the resection range is large.And even the breast needs to be removed in severe cases.The defect change of breast shape is harmful to the physical and mental health of patients.With the deepening of research,the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of plasma cell mastitis can achieve better therapeutic effect,reduce the recurrence rate,and has no effect on the appearance of breast.This article discusses the treatment of plasma cell mastitis with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine by sorting out the literature.
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