论著

重症烧伤患者血培养念珠菌阳性的病原学特征

Pathogenic characteristics of Candida positive blood culture in severe burn patients

:197-202
 
       目的   分析重症烧伤患者血培养标本中检测出念珠菌的临床分布,探究重症烧伤患者血流念珠菌感染的病原学特征。方法   选取2012—2023年在广州市红十字会医院住院治疗的重症烧伤患者血培养标本1 148份,分析分离出念珠菌的非重复患者病死率、菌种分布、同时送检的其他类型标本念珠菌培养结果及患者念珠菌血流感染的检出时间与季节分布、抗菌药物使用情况及对常用抗真菌药物的耐药情况。结果  1 148份血培养标本中77份检出真菌,阳性率为6.71%。检出念珠菌感染的非重复患者27例,其中近平滑念珠菌13例,构成比为48.15%、白念珠菌8株,构成比为29.63%。血与静脉导管培养均检出念珠菌的有22例(81.48%);血与伤口分泌物培养圴检出念珠菌的有10例(37.04%);血、静脉导管、伤口分泌物培养圴检出念珠菌的有4例(14.81%)。静脉导管检出念珠菌高于其他类型标本。27例重症烧伤患者血流感染检出念珠菌的时间主要分布在入院后第2~3周、季节主要分布在春夏季。近平滑念珠菌、白念珠菌、热带念珠菌对氟康唑敏感率分别为83.33%、87.50%和75.00%。结论   重症烧伤患者血流近平滑念珠菌检出率最高,发生血流感染时间主要在春夏季及烧伤入院后第2~3周,静脉导管留置是增加重症烧伤患者念珠菌血流感染的因素。我院念珠菌对抗真菌药物具有较高敏感性。
      Objective  To retrospective analyze the clinical distribution of Candida species detected in blood cultures of patients with severe burns and to investigate the etiological characteristics of Candida bloodstream infections in these patients.Methods  A total of 1 148 blood culture specimens were collected from patients with severe burns hospitalized at an institution between 2012 and 2023.Patients data with Candida bloodstream infections isolated from 1 148 blood culture specimens were analyzed,including mortality rates,species distribution,Candida culture results from other simultaneously collected specimen types,and the timing and seasonal distribution of Candida bloodstream infections,the use of antibiotics and  resistance to commonly-used antifungal drugs.Results  A total of 1 148 blood culture samples,77 fungi were separated,resulting in a positive rate of 6.71%.Among the 27 patients with Candida infections,13 cases(48.15%)were caused by Candida parapsilosis and 8 cases(29.63%)by Candida albicans.Candida was isolated from both blood and intravenous catheter cultures in 22 cases,with a positivity  rate of 81.48%.Candida was isolated from both blood and wound secretion cultures in 10 cases(positivity rate of 37.04%),and 4 cases from blood,intravenous catheter and wound secretion cultures(positivity rate of 14.81%).The detection rate of Candidafrom intravenous catheters was higher than that from other specimen types.Candida bloodstream infections were most commonly observed during the 2nd and 3rd week after admission,with a seasonal peak in spring and summer.The  susceptibility  rates of Candida parapsilosis、Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis to fluconazole were 83.33%、87.50% and 75.00%,respectively.Conclusions  The detection rate of Candida parapsilosis in bloodstream infections among patients with severe burns was the highest.These infections predominantly occur during the spring and summer and in the 2nd and 3rd week post-admission.The presence of intravenous catheters significantly contributes to Candida infections.The Candida in the hospital has high sensitivity to antifungal drugs.
论著

老年营养风险指数与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者急性加重期预后的相关性分析

Correlation between nutritional risk index and prognosis of AECOPD in elderly patients

:192-196
 
      目的 探讨老年营养风险指数(GNRI)与慢性阻塞性肺疾病者急性加重期患者预后的相关性。方法择贵州省六盘水水旷医院2019年1月—2022年1月收治的COPD急性加重期患者,根据GNRI值,分为正常营养组(GNRI>98)和营养不良组(GNRI≤98),应用生存曲线和Cox比例风险回归评估营养状况与死亡率之间的关联。结果 共纳入198例COPD急性加重期患者,正常营养组90例,营养不良组108例,营养不良发生率为54.5%;Kaplan-Meier曲线表明,营养不良组的全因累积死亡率更高(58.3% vs 35.0%,P<0.001)。Cox比例风险回归分析显示在未校正模型中,HR为2.31(1.25~4.28),P<0.001。在完全校正模型中,HR为2.48(1.37~4.51),P=0.005,提示与正常营养状况相比,营养不良与全因死亡风险升高相关。结论  GNRI低是COPD患者急性加重期全因死亡的独立危险因素。
      Objective  To investigate the correlation between elderly nutritional risk index(GNRI)and prognosis of patients with AECOPD.Methods  Patients with AECOPD admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were selected and divided into normal nutrition group(GNRI>98)and malnutrition group(GNRI≤98)according to GNRI value.Survival curve and Cox regression were used to evaluate the association between nutritional status and mortality.Results  A total of 198 patients with AECOPD were included in this study.According to GNRI scores,90 patients were in the normal nutrition group and 108 were in the malnutrition group,with malnutrition incidence of 54.5%.The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the cumulative all-cause mortality was higher in the malnutrition group(58.3% vs 35%,P<0.001).Cox proportional hazard  regression analysis showed that HR in the uncorrected model was 2.31(1.25-4.28),P<0.001.In the fully corrected model,HR was 2.4(1.37-4.51)and P=0.005,suggesting that malnutrition was associated with a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortalitycompared with normal nutritional status.Conclusions  Low GNRI is an independent risk factor for all-cause death in AECOPD patients.
论著

经颅微电流刺激联合自我穴位按摩在 2 型糖尿病患者睡眠障碍中的应用

Application of transcranial microcurrent stimulation combined with self-acupoint massage in patients with sleep disorders of type 2 diabetes mellitus

:187-191
 
      目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)睡眠障碍患者使用经颅微电流刺激(CES)联合自我穴位按摩干预的效果。方法 使用随机数表法将南昌大学第二附属医院2022年6月—2023年1月收治的T2DM合并睡眠障碍患者100例分为两组,每组各50例。对照组采用CES干预,基于此,观察组加用自我穴位按摩,比较两组临床疗效、睡眠质量及血糖水平。结果 与对照组干预总有效率80.00%(40/50)比较,观察组干预总有效率96.00%(48/50)更高(χ 2 =6.061,P=0.014);两组干预后匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)中入睡时间、睡眠效率、催眠药物、睡眠障碍、睡眠时间、主观睡眠质量、日间功能障碍及总分均降低,且观察组[(0.95±0.28)分、(1.05±0.24)分、(0.55±0.14)分、(0.67±0.20)分、(0.92±0.21)分、(0.82±0.20)分、(0.65±0.18)分、(5.61±1.10)分]均低于对照组[(1.42±0.33)分、(1.30±0.33)分、(1.40±0.26)分、(1.14±0.27)分、(1.31±0.30)分、(1.32±0.37)分、(1.22±0.27)分、(9.11±1.26)分](t=7.679、4.332、20.354、9.891、7.531、8.406、12.421、14.797,均P<0.001);两组干预后餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)及空腹血糖(FBG)水平均降低,且观察组2 hPG[(6.14±0.68)mmol/L]、HbA1c[(3.45±0.37)%]、FBG[(5.52±0.48)mmol/L]低于对照组[(7.12±1.25)mmol/L、(4.30±0.34)%、(6.58±0.67)mmol/L](t=4.870、11.961、9.094,均P<0.001)。结论 对T2DM合并睡眠障碍患者使用CES联合自我穴位按摩干预效果满意,可有效提高患者的睡眠质量,调节血糖水平。
论著

膝骨关节炎患者术前衰弱列线图预测模型的建立

Establishment of a preoperative frailty nomogram prediction model in patients with knee osteoarthritis

:179-186
 
       目的   基于Nomogram初步构建膝骨关节炎(KOA)患者术前衰弱的风险预测模型。方法   便利选取172例于2021年12月—2022年8月在广州市某三甲医院关节外科接受择期膝关节置换术的KOA患者为研究对象,依据衰弱的发生与否分为衰弱组(n=111)和非衰弱组(n=61),通过单因素分析筛选变量,纳入Logistic回归分析,并构建列线图模型。结果   单因素分析结果显示年龄、BMI、膝关节疼痛年限、合并症、抑郁、焦虑、疼痛、睡眠障碍、营养状况等在不同组间比较差异存在统计学的意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,BMI异常(OR=3.360)、膝关节疼痛年限>5年(OR=14.188)、抑郁(OR=5.608)、睡眠障碍(OR=25.480)是KOA患者术前衰弱的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。基于此,建立了预测膝骨关节炎患者术前衰弱风险的列线图预测模型。结果显示C-index为0.915,校正曲线接近理想曲线,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.919(95%CI:0.878~0.961),可见该预测模型具有较好的区分度和准确度。结论   根据BMI、膝关节疼痛年限、抑郁以及睡眠障碍这四个独立危险因素,可以准确地预测膝骨关节炎患者术前衰弱的风险。
    Objective  To develop a nomogram for predicting the risk of preoperative frailty in knee osteoarthritis patients.Methods  A convenience sample of 172 patients who underwent elective knee arthroplasty at a Grade-A hospital in Guangzhou from December 2021 to August 2022 was selected.The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of preoperative frailty:frailty group(n=111)and non-frailty group(n=61).The variables with statistical differences were screened by univariate analysis for multivariate logistic regression analysis,and the nomogram prediction model was established.Results  Univariate analysis identified significant differences between the groups in age,BMI,years of knee pain,complications,depression,anxiety,pain,sleep disturbance,and nutrition(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression showed that abnormal BMI(OR=3.360),years of knee pain > 5(OR=14.188),depression(OR=5.608),and sleep disorders(OR=25.480)were independent  risk factors for preoperative frailty in knee osteoarthritis patients(P<0.05).Based on these findings,a nomogram prediction model was established.Model verification results demonstrated that the nomogram had good differentiation and accuracy in predicting the risk of preoperative frailty,with a C-index of 0.915,an area under the ROC curve of 0.919(95% CI:0.878~0.961),and a calibration curve slope close to 1.Conclusions  The nomogram,based on four independent risk factors(BMI,years of knee pain,depression,and sleep disturbance),effectively predicts the risk of preoperative frailty in knee osteoarthritis patients.
护理研究

基于微视频的护理干预对急性胰腺炎患者疾病知晓、自我管理和遵医行为的影响

The impact of micro video based nursing interventions on disease awareness,self-management and compliance behavior in patients with acute pancreatitis

:125-130
 
       目的   探讨基于微视频的护理干预对急性胰腺炎患者疾病知晓、自我管理和遵医行为的影响。方法   根据中心随机法将郑州大学第二附属医院2021年1月—2023年1月收治的88例急性胰腺炎患者作为研究对象,其中传统组44例给予常规干预,微视频组44例在传统组的基础上结合微视频的护理干预,比较两组患者疾病知晓情况、自我管理能力和遵医行为情况。结果   干预2个月后,微视频组病例脱落3例,传统组病例脱落4例,两组疾病知晓各维度高于干预前,且微视频组高于传统组,其中疾病病因(t=3.151,P=0.003)、临床症状(t=7.165,P<0.001)、并发症(t=5.497,P<0.001)、如何预防疾病复发(t=8.195,P<0.001);两组自我护理能力量表(ESCA)各维度评分高于干预前,且微视频组高于传统组,其中各维度评分结果为自我护理技能(t=2.787,P=0.007)、自我概念(t=2.272,P=0.026)、自护责任感(t=2.644,P=0.011)、健康知识水平(t=3.321,P=0.001);两组遵医行为各维度评分高于干预前,且微视频组高于传统组,其中各维度评分结果为饮食依从性(t=6.271,P<0.001)、用药依从性(t=3.539,P=0.001)、锻炼依从性(t=4.469,P<0.001)、定期复查(t=2.764,P=0.007)。结论   通过运用微视频的护理干预能够提高急性胰腺炎患者疾病知识的掌握,促进机体自我管理水平的恢复,进而提高遵医行为。
       Objective  To explore the impact of micro video based nursing interventions on disease awareness,self-management and compliance behavior in patients with acute pancreatitis.Methods  According to the central randomization method,88 patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected as the research subjects.Among them,44 patients in the traditional group received routine intervention,and 44 patients in the micro video group received nursing intervention combined with micro video on the basis of the traditional group.The disease awareness,self-management ability and compliance behavior of the two groups of patients were compared.Results  After two months of intervention,three cases were dropped out in the micro video group and four cases were dropped out in the traditional group.The disease awareness in both groups was higher than that before intervention,and the micro video group was higher than the traditional group,including disease etiology(t=3.151,P=0.003),clinical symptoms(t=7.165,P<0.001),complicationst=5.497,P<0.001) and how to prevent disease recurrence(t=8.195,P<0.001).The scores of ESCA in both groups were significantly higher than those before intervention,and the micro video group was higher than the traditional group in terms of self-care skills(t=2.787,P=0.007),self-concept(t=2.272,P=0.026),self-care responsibility(t=2.644,P=0.011) and health knowledge level(t=3.321,P=0.001).The scores of all dimensions of compliance behavior in both groups were significantly higher than those before intervention,and the micro video group had higher scores than the traditional group in terms of dietary compliancet=6.271,P<0.001),medication compliance(t=3.539,P=0.001),exercise compliance(t=4.469,P<0.001) and  regular follow-up(t=2.764,P=0.001).Conclusions  The use of micro video nursing interventions can improve the mastery of disease knowledge in patients with acute pancreatitis,promote the recovery of the body’s self-management level,and thereby improvemedical compliance behavior.
护理研究

共同照护模式联合回授法健康教育对 2 型糖尿病患者病情控制的影响

Research on the impact of co-care model combined with feedback health education on disease control in patients with type 2 diabetes

:117-124
 
       目的   分析共同照护模式联合回授法健康教育在2型糖尿病患者中的应用效果。方法   将2023年1月—2023年12月广州市第一人民医院收治 的114例2型糖尿病患者作为此次研究对象,分为研究组(n=57)和对照组(n=57),对照组患者给予常规护理结合健康教育,研究组患者给予共同照护模式联合回授法健康教育,评估两组在培训前及培训后1、3个月的血糖控制情况及糖尿病患者自我管理行为量表(SDSCA)等指标。结果   培训1、3个月后,两组患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白均低于培训前,且研究组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。培训1、3个月后,两组患者的糖尿病患者SDSCA评分高于培训前,且研究组各项评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。重复测量方差分析表明随着时间的推移,患者的血糖控制状况随着不同护理培训策略而得到改善。结论   使用共同照护模式联合回授法健康教育对2型糖尿病患者可以更显著改善血糖控制水平、提高自我管理效能。
       Objective  To analyze the effect of co-care mode and feedback  health education on  patients with type  2 diabetes.Methods  From January 2023 to December 2023,114 patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to Guangzhou First People’s Hospital were divided into two groups:experimental group(n=57)and control group(n=57).Patients in control group were given routine nursing combined with health education.Patients in study group were given co-care and feedback health education.Before intervention and 1,3 months after intervention,patients’ blood glucose control and diabetic self-management behavior scale(SDSCA)were evaluated.Results  After 1 and 3 months of intervention,the fasting blood glucose,2-hour blood glucose and HbA1c of the two groups were significantly lower than those before intervention,and the fasting blood glucose,2-hour blood glucose and HbA1c of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).After 1 month and 3 months of intervention,the SDSCA scores of diabetic patients in both groups were higher than those before intervention,and the scores of study group were higher than those of control group(P<0.05).Repeated measures analysis of variance indicating that glycemic control improved significantly over time with different nursing training strategies.Conclusions  Co-care mode and feedback health education can significantly improve blood glucose control and self-management efficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes.
论著

AST、CHE、CA125、AFP 对肝硬化患者的诊断效果分析

Analysis of diagnostic efficacy of AST, CHE, CA125 and AFP in patients with liver cirrhosis

:113-116
 
     目的   分析谷草转氨酶(AST)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)、糖类抗原125(CA125)以及甲胎蛋白(AFP)对肝硬化患者的诊断效能。方法   选择70例肝硬化患者为观察组研究对象,另取70例同期健康体检者为对照组。两组研究对象均接受生化检验、肿瘤标志物检验。对比两组研究对象的AST、CHE、CA125、AFP检测结果,分析上述指标对肝硬化患者的诊断效能。结果   观察组肝硬化患者的CHE低于对照组,AST、CA125与AFP高于对照组(P<0.05);AST与CHE在肝硬化诊断中具有良好的灵敏度、特异度;CA125联合AFP的灵敏度、特异度、符合率均高于CA125或AFP单独检验(P<0.05)。结论  AST、CHE、CA125、AFP在肝硬化患者临床诊断中具有良好的应用表现,是反映患者肝硬化病情进展的重要参考指标。
     Objective  To analyze the diagnostic efficacy of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),cholinesterase(CHE),carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125),and alpha fetoprotein(AFP)in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods  A total of 70 patients with liver cirrhosis were included in the observation group as the study subjects,and 70 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as the control group.Both groups of  research subjects underwent biochemical testing and tumor marker testing.The AST,CHE,CA125,and AFP detection  results of two groups of research subjects were compared,and the diagnostic effect of the above indicators on patients with liver cirrhosis were analyzed.Results  The CHE test  results of patients with liver cirrhosis in the observation group were significantly lower than those of healthy individuals undergoing physical examination,and the AST,CA125,and AFP test results were higher(P<0.05).AST and CHE had good sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis.The sensitivity,specificity and coincidence  rate of CA125 combined with AFP were higher than those of CA125 or AFP alone.Conclusions  AST,CHE,CA125,and AFP have good clinical application performance in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis patients,and are important reference indicators reflecting the progression of liver cirrhosis in patients.
论著

基于 FAERS 数据库的美托洛尔不良事件信号挖掘

Signal data mining of metoprolol adverse events based on FAERS

:106-112
 
       目的   挖掘使用美托洛尔后的药物不良事件(ADE),为临床合理用药提供参考意见。方法   对美国食品药品管理局(FDA)FDA药物ADE报告系统(FAERS)数据库进行信号挖掘,采用报告比值比法和比例报告比值法,分析FAERS数据库中2004年第1季度至2023年第2季度关于美托洛尔的ADE报告。   在FAERS数据库中收集到美托洛尔相关ADE共24 184例、667个阳性信号,共涉及27个系统器官分类。ADE严重报告共16 766(占69.33%),ADE报告频次排名前3的分别是头晕、心动过缓、呼吸困难。结论   美托洛尔的不良反应主要集中在全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应、心脏器官疾病和各类损伤。在使用美托洛尔过程中发生ADE时,应该及时采取相应的干预措施。
       Objective  To explore the adverse drug events(ADEs)after the use of metoprolol and provide  reference opinions for clinical rational drug use.Methods  Signal mining was conducted on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)database in the United States.The  reporting  ratio method and proportional  reporting  ratio method were used to analyze ADEs reports related to metoprolol in the FAERS database from the first quarter of 2019 to the second quarter of 2023.Results  A total of 24 184 cases of metoprolol related ADEs were collected in the FAERS database,with 667 positive signals and a total of 27 system organ class involved.Conclusions  The adverse reactions of metoprolol mainly focus on systemic diseases,various reactions at the administration site,heart organ diseases,and various injuries.It is recommended that timely intervention measures should be taken when ADE occurs during the use of metoprolol.
论著

不同湿化方法对喉癌患者术后气道湿化效果的网状 Meta 分析

Effects of airway humidification for postoperative with laryngeal cancer:A network Meta-analysis

:89-98
 
       目的   评估多种气道湿化方法对喉癌患者术后气道湿化的效果。方法   检索PubMed、Cochrane、Embase、Web of Science、Ovid、中国知网、万方、CBM、Google Scholar等数据库和网站,检索时限为建库至2023年2月。搜集关于喉癌患者术后不同气道湿化方法的随机对照试验,采用JBI2016年随机对照试验RCT评价标准评价文献质量。使用ADDIS1.16.5软件进行网状Meta分析。结果   纳入18篇研究,共1 596例患者。结果显示,镇痛泵持续泵入与注射器间断滴入、喷雾瓶间断喷雾在痰痂形成方面比较差异有统计学意义[OR(95%CI)=537.70(4.18,124 511.88)、0(0,0.52),P<0.05];湿化满意度方面,注射器间断滴入与喷雾瓶间断喷雾比较差异有统计学意义[OR(95%CI)=8.55(1.40,73.35),P<0.05];其余比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。概率排序显示,降低肺部感染、黏膜出血和痰痂形成、痰液黏稠度、咳嗽和湿化不满意的发生,最优方法分别为湿化泵持续泵入、镇痛泵持续泵入、MR400湿化器和输液器持续泵入。结论   综合网状Meta分析及概率排序结果,考虑到喉癌患者术后早期下床活动,推荐便携式持续湿化方法。
       Objective  To access the effects of multiple airway humidification methods for postoperative patients with laryngeal cancer.Methods  PubMed,Cochrane Library,EMbase,Web of Science,Ovid,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang database,CBM and Google Scholar were searched systematically from establishment to February 2023,respectively.Related  randomized controlled trials on airway humidification for postoperative patients with laryngeal cancer was analyzed and the quality of the literature was assessed using the JBI 2016 RCT evaluation.The network Meta analysis was performed using ADDIS 1.16.5 softwares.Results  A total of 18 articles and 1596 patients were inciuded.The results showed that the analgesia pump continued to pump into the airway compared with the syringe intermittently drip and the spray bottle intermittent spray was statistically different in the formation of sputum[OR(95%CI)=537.70(4.18,124 511.88),0(0,0.52),P<0.05].In terms of satisfaction of wetness,the difference between the intermittent drop of the syringe and the intermittent spray of the spray bottle was statistically different[OR(95%CI)=8.55(1.40,73.35),P<0.05],the others were not statistically different(P0.05).Probability ranking table shows that the optimal methods were the humidification pump continues to pump into the airway,the analgesia pump continued to pump into the airway,the MR400 humidifier and the infusion set continuously pumped into the airway,which were beneficial to the reduction in pulmonary infection,tracheal mucosal hemorrhage and formation of phlegm callus,the degree of sputum viscosity,cough and unsatisfactory wetness.Conclusions  Based on the comprehensive mesh meta-analysis and probability ranking results,a portable continuous humidification method is  recommended considering the early post-operative activities of laryngeal cancer patients.
论著

癌症患者生命质量测定量表体系之肾癌量表(QLICP-REV2.0)的条目筛选

Items selection on the Specific Module of Quality of Life Instruments for patients with renal cancer (QLICP-REV2.0)

:77-81
 
       目的   开发适合中国肾癌患者的生命质量测定量表的特异模块。   采用议题小组和核心小组的程序化决策方式,提出条目池,形成初步量表,采用医生及患者重要性评分法、相关系数法、变异度法、因子分析法和克朗巴赫系数α对20例肾癌患者和20名医护人员进行的数据进行统计分析。结果   经过上述方法进行筛检,结合专家小组的建议,最终得到含有11个条目的肾癌生命质量测定量表的特异模块。结论 肾癌的生命质量测定量表特异模块严格按照程序执行,具有较好的内容效度。
      Objective  To develop the specific module of the quality of life instruments for patients with renal cancer(QLICP-RE).Methods  With the structured group(nominal group and focus group)methods,the item pool was put forward and a preliminary instrument was formed.The data from 20 renal cancer patients and 20 doctors/nurses were analyzed by statistical procedures.Doctors and patients’ importance rating procedure,correlation analysis,method of coefficient of variation,factor analysis,and Cronbach’s α.Results  By above statistical procedures and advises of expert panel,11-items of the specific module were formed finally.Conclusions  The specific module of QLICP-RE developed on the strict procedures has good content validity and representativeness.
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