目的 分析高原地区3~6年级学生屈光状态及屈光参数之间的关系。方法 2023年9月,采用随机抽样方法选取林芝市波密县某两所小学3~6年级535名学生进行校园筛查。计算并记录裸眼远视力(UCVA),非睫状肌麻痹电脑验光下散光及其轴位、等效球镜(SE)、眼轴(AL)、角膜曲率半径(CR)和眼轴/角膜曲率半径轴率比(AL/CR)。采用SPSS 22.00统计软件分析数据。结果 3~6年级学生AL和AL/CR大体趋势为随年级升高而增长,SE随年级升高而降低。3~6年级学生总体筛查性近视患病率为29.91%,且3~6年级筛查性近视患病率分别为20.35%、25.53%、30.53%和51.38%。总体散光患病率为51.59%,其中顺规散光、逆规散光及斜轴散光分别占90.22%、7.61%及2.17%。视力不良者约40.37%。以非睫状肌麻痹验光SE≤-0.50 D同时UCVA<5.0作为筛查性近视的诊断,AL/CR诊断筛查性近视的灵敏度为0.656、特异度为0.887和Youden指数为0.534,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.802,优于AL评估(AUC=0.764)。结论 高原地区3~6年级学生的筛查性近视患病率随年级升高而快速增长,且散光患病率较高,视力不良者较多。AL/CR值对筛查性近视监测具有一定的临床意义。
Objective To analyze the relationship between refractive status and refractive parameters of students in grades three-six in plateau area.Methods In September,2023,a random sampling method was used to select 535 students from grades three-six of two primary schools in Bomi County,Nyingchi City,for school screening.Distance uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA),astigmatism and its axis position,equivalent spherical(SE),axial length(AL),corneal radius(CR),and axial length/corneal radius ratio(AL/CR)were calculated and recorded.The data was analyzed using the statistical software SPSS 22.00.Results The general trend of AL and AL/CR for grade three-six students was increased with grade increasing,while SE decreased with grade increasing.The overall prevalence of screening myopia was 29.91%,and the prevalence of screening myopia in grades three to six was 20.35%,25.53%,30.53% and 51.38%,respectively.The overall prevalence rate of astigmatism was 51.59%,including 90.22%,7.61% and 2.17% for astigmatism with the rule,astigmatism against the rule and oblique astigmatism,respectively.About 40.37% of the students had poor vision.Screening myopia was diagnosed using non-cycloplegic optometry with SE ≤-0.50 D combined with UCVA<5.0.The sensitivity and specificity of AL/CR for screening myopia were 0.656 and 0.887,respectively,with a Youden index of 0.534 and an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.802.This was superior to the AL evaluation,which had an AUC of 0.764.Conclusions The prevalence of screening myopia increased rapidly with the increase of grade in grade 3 to 6 in plateau area.And there were high prevalence of astigmatism and more poor vision.AL/CR value has a certain clinical significance in the monitoring of screening myopia.
目的 研究羽毛球颠球运动对低年级小学生近视的改善效果,为制定儿童青少年近视干预方案提供依据。方法 采用方便抽样方法,抽取广州市1个城区1所小学三年级4个班共182名学生作为研究对象。基线调查完成后,以班为单位,采用随机数字表法将4个班分为干预组(2个班,91例)和对照组(2个班,91例),干预组安排羽毛球颠球项目体育活动,对照组按原教学计划安排非球类常规体育活动。比较两组干预前后筛查性近视率、视力不良率和近视进展程度。结果 干预前两组的年龄、性别、筛查性近视率、视力不良率及近视分级比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组干预后的等效球镜度数(SE)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组干预后的裸眼远视力(UDVA)低于干预组,△UDVA、△SE均高于干预组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组新发筛查性近视率29.13%、累积筛查性近视率49.45%、累积视力不良率68.13%及近视进展程度,均高于干预组新发筛查性近视率7.69%、累积筛查性近视率34.07%、累积视力不良率52.74%及近视进展程度,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 羽毛球颠球运动能降低低年级小学生视力不良进展速度,减少近视的发生率及近视程度,学校可结合引起近视的因素进行灵活应用,以预防近视的发生发展。
Objective To study the impact of badminton juggling on the myopia of lower-grade primary school students and to provide a basis for developing myopia intervention strategies for children and adolescents.Methods By using the convenience sampling method,182 third-grade students from four classes in a primary school in a district of Guangzhou were selected as subjects.After completing the baseline survey,the four classes were divided into an intervention group(2 classes,91 students)and a control group(2 classes,91 students)using a random number table.The intervention group was arranged to participate in badminton juggling sports activities,while the control group followed the original teaching plan without ball games.The study compared the screening rate of myopia,the rate of poor vision,and the degree of myopia progression before and after the study in both groups.Results On baseline,there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age,gender,rate of screening myopia,poor vision,and myopia grading(P>0.05).After 12 months,there was no statistically significant difference in the spherical equivalent(SE) comparison between the two groups(P>0.05).However,the uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA) of the control group after 12 months was significantly lower than that of the intervention group,and both △UDVA and △SE were significantly higher than those of the intervention group,with all differences being statistically significant(P<0.05).Incidence of screening myopia in the control group (29.13%),the cumulative rate of screening myopia(49.45%),the cumulative rate of poor vision (68.13%),and the degree of myopia progression was significantly higher than those in the intervention group,which had incidence of screening myopia at 7.69%,the cumulative rate of screening myopia at 34.07%,cumulative rate of poor vision at 52.74%.All these differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions Badminton juggling can slow down vision deterioration,reduce the incidence and severity of myopia in lower grade primary school students.Schools can flexibly apply these findings in conjunction with factors that contribute to myopia to prevent its occurrence and development.