论著

腰痛患者侧弯、棘突偏歪和椎体滑脱 X 线研究

A X-ray observation of lumbar scoliosis,deviation of spine process and spondylolisthesis in patients with low back pain

:929-934
 
       目的   研究慢性非特异性腰痛患者腰椎正侧位X线中腰椎侧弯、L1-5棘突偏歪和椎体滑脱情况,总结规律,为慢性非特异性腰痛患者治疗提供依据。方法   选取164例慢性非特异性腰痛患者,观察并记录每例患者腰椎正侧位X线中腰椎侧弯、L1~L5棘突偏歪和椎体滑脱情况。用统计学软件分析腰椎侧弯、棘突偏歪和椎体滑脱情况。结果   共有59例发生腰椎侧弯,占35.98%,其中Cobb角5°~10 °有47例,占28.66%;Cobb角>10°有12例,占7.32%。腰椎侧弯发病以L4为下端椎为主。以L3为下端椎有12例患者,占20.34%;以L4为下端椎有37例患者,占62.71%;以L5为发椎有10例患者,占16.95%。共119例发生棘突偏歪,占总例数的72.56%。L5棘突偏歪最常见,发生率为57.93%;L4次之,发生率为48.17%。L5棘突偏歪率与L1~L3棘突偏歪率比较差异均有统计学意义(χ  分别为14.580,11.771,7.484,P分别为<0.001,0.001,0.006),但与L4棘突偏歪率比较差异无统计学意义(χ 2 =3.124,P=0.077)。共30例患者存在椎体滑脱,占18.29%。L5最常发生滑脱,发生率为8.54%;L4次之,发生率为7.93%。L4与L5椎体滑脱率比较差异无统计学意义(χ  =0.040,P=0.841);L4分别与L1,L2,L3以及L5分别与L1,L2,L3椎体滑脱率差异均有统计学意义(L5与L1、L2、L3:χ  分别为14.580、11.771、7.484,P分别为<0.001、0.001、0.006;L4与L1、L2、L3:χ  分别为13.495、10.712、6.550,P分别为<0.001、0.001、0.010)。结论   慢性非特异性腰痛患者较常发生腰椎侧弯,侧弯以L4为下端椎为主;慢性非特异性腰痛患者较常发生棘突偏歪,L5棘突偏歪最常见,L4次之;L5和L4是慢性非特异性腰痛患者最常发生滑脱的椎体。在治疗慢性非特异性腰痛患者时,与L5和L4相关的肌肉、筋膜等软组织损伤以及关节退行性变或紊乱应引起重点关注。
       Objective  To study the lumbar scoliosis,L1-5  spinous process deviation and  spondylolisthesis in  spine X-ray of patients with chronic non-specific low back pain(CNLBP),and summarizing the existing rules,so as to provide imaging theoretical support for the treatment of CNLBP.Methods  A total of 164 patients with CNLBP were selected.The lumbar scoliosis,L1-5 spinous process deviation and spondylolisthesis were observed and recorded in the anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films of each patient.The lumbar scoliosis,spinous process deviation and spondylolisthesis were statistically analyzed by statistical software.Results  A total of 59 people had lumbar scoliosis,accounting for 35.98%.There were 47 patients with 5°-10° Cobb angle,accounting for 28.66%.There were 12 patients with Cobb angle >10°,accounting for 7.32%.L4 was the main lower apical vertebra of lumbar scoliosis.There were 12 patients with L3 as the lower apical vertebra,accounting for 20.34%;37 patients with L4 as the lower apical vertebra,accounting for 62.71%;10 patients with L5 as the lower apical vertebra,accounting for 16.95%.A total of 119 people appeared spinous process deviation,accounting for 72.56%.L5 spinous process deviation was the most common,with proportion of 57.93%,and L4 was the second,with proportion of was 48.17%.The  results of chi-square test showed that there were significant differences between L5 and L1-L3 spinous process deviation(χ   was 14.580,11.771,7.484,and P values were <0.001,0.001,0.006 respectively),but no significant difference between L5 and L4 spinous process(χ  =3.124,P=0.077).A total of 30 patients had spondylolisthesis,accounting for 18.29%.L5 was the most common of spondylolisthesis,with an occurrence rate of 8.54%.L4 was the second,with an occurrence rate of 7.93%.There was  no significant difference in spondylolisthesis rate between L4 and L5(χ  =0.040,P=0.841).The spondylolisthesis rates of L4 and L5 were significantly different from those of L1,L2 and L3(L5 and L1,L2,L3:χ   was 14.580,11.771,7.484,and P values was <0.001,0.001,0.006 respectively;L4 and L1,L2,L3:χ  was 13.495,10.712,6.550,P values were <0.001,0.001,0.010 respectively).Conclusions  Lumbar scoliosis is more common in patients with CNLBP,and L4 is the main lower apical vertebra of lumbar scoliosis.Patients with CNLBP often have spinous process deviation,and the most common is L5 spinous process deviation,followed by L4.L5 and L4 are the most common vertebrae with spondylolisthesis in patients with CNLBP.The soft injury and joint degeneration or disorder related to L5 and L4 should be paid more attention in the treatment of patients with CNLBP.
论著

血塞通联合右美托咪定对老龄大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护效果研究

Effects of Xuesaitong combined with dexmedetomidine on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in elderly rats

:918-923
 
       目的   评价血塞通联合右美托咪定对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的脑保护效果。方法   选择老龄雄性Wistar大鼠50只,随机分为假手术(C)组、脑缺血再灌注(R)组、血塞通(P)组、右美托咪定(D)组,血塞通联合右美托咪定(PD)组,每组各10只。根据组别给予不同药物,行神经行为学测试;于第3、7天,测量脑梗死面积、脑水含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX)活性测定。结果   给药后第3、5、7天,与P、D组相比,PD组神经行为学评分改善更加显著(P<0.001);给药后第3、7天,与P组相比,PD组脑梗死面积、脑水含量均降低(P=0.01,P=0.002),SOD、GSH-PX活性升高显著(P=0.03,P=0.001);与D组相比,PD组脑梗死面积、脑水含量也显著降低(P<0.01,P=0.008);SOD、GSH-PX活性升高显著(P=0.009,P<0.001)。结论   血塞通联合右美托咪定较单独应用药物,能显著减轻缺血再灌注损伤造成的脑损害,具有脑保护作用。
       Objective  To explore the effects of Xuesaitong combined with dexmedetomidine on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in elderly rats.Methods  Fifty elderly male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:sham operation(C)group,cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(R)group,Xuesaitong(P)group,dexmedetomidine(D)group,Xuesaitong combined with dexmedetomidine(PD)group.Xuesaitong was given in group P,dexmedetomidine was given in group D,and normal saline was given in group C and group R,continuously for 7 days.After 3- and 7-day treatment,the brain of rats was dissected out to assay the area of cerebral infarction,degree of cerebral edema,superoxide dismutaseSOD) and glutathione peroxidaseGSH-PX) activity.Results When compared PD group with P and D group,neurobehavioral score was lower at 3,5,7 day(P<0.001);area of cerebral infarction,degree of cerebral edema were less(P=0.01,P=0.002),activity of SOD and GSH-PX were higher at 3,7 days(P=0.03,P=0.001)respectively.When compared PD group with D group,area of cerebral infarction,degree of cerebral edema were less(P<0.01,P=0.008),activity of SOD and GSH-PX were higher at 3,7 days(P=0.009,P<0.001)respectively.Conclusions  The combination of Xuesaitong and dexmedetomidine can obviously reduce the damage by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in elderly rats and has brain protective effects.
综述

无创正压通气老年患者鼻面部压力性损伤预防的研究进展

Research progress in the prevention of nasal and facial stress injuries in elderly patients with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation

:885-892
 
       无创正压通气的使用是患者发生鼻面部压力性损伤的重要原因之一,随着我国防控政策的放开,新增老年新冠感染患者急剧增加。文章对使用无创正压通气发生相关压力性损伤现状进行综述,介绍老年患者使用无创正压通气发生鼻面部压力性损伤的主要影响因素、评估方法以及预防措施现状,旨在为临床医务人员预防其相关压力性损伤提供参考。
       The use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation is one of the important reasons for nasal and facial pressure injuries in patients.With the release of China's epidemic prevention policy,the number of new elderly patients with COVID-19 has increased dramatically.This paper summarizes the current situation of stress injuries caused by noninvasive positive pressure ventilation,introduces the main influencing factors,evaluation methods and prevention measures of nasal and facial stress injuries in elderly patients with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation,aiming to provide a reference for clinical medical personnel to prevent their related stress injuries.
综述

妇科恶性肿瘤放疗后阴道损伤的治疗研究进展

Research progress in the treatment of vaginal injury after radiotherapy for gynecological malignancies

:880-884
 
        放射治疗(放疗)可以提高妇科恶性肿瘤患者的总体生存率,降低复发率,增加手术机会。但肿瘤周围的健康组织不可避免地会进入电离辐射区域从而导致阴道狭窄、缩短和失去弹性,文章结合近年来国内外的放疗后阴道损伤治疗方式进行综述,总结分析治疗的优缺点,旨在为放疗后阴道损伤的临床治疗提供帮助。
       Radiotherapy can improve the overall survival rate,reduce the  recurrence  rate and increase the chance of surgery in patients with gynecological malignant tumors.However,the healthy tissue around the tumor can inevitably be included the ionizing radiation area,resulting in vaginal stenosis,shortening and loss of elasticity.This paper reviews the treatment methods of post-radiotherapy vaginal injury at home and abroad in recent years,to summarize and analyze theadvantages and disadvantages of treatment,aiming to provide help for the clinical treatment of post-radiotherapy vaginal injury.
专家述评

运动因子对心血管系统保护作用的研究进展

The protective effects of exerkines on cardiovascular system

:870-879
 
       运动可以调节机体代谢,预防和治疗由糖脂代谢紊乱所引发的心血管疾病。运动因子是在运动过程中,由肌肉、脂肪以及肝脏等多个组织合成和分泌的一系列生物活性物质,包括蛋白质和多肽类分子、小分子代谢物以及核酸等。诸多研究证实,运动因子是运动调节机体代谢的重要因素之一,也是机体从运动中获益的关键分子机制。近年来,随着蛋白质组学、代谢组学以及高通量测序等相关技术的飞速发展,越来越多的运动因子被陆续发现和证实。这不仅拓宽了人们对机体从运动中获益相关机制的认知,还激发了人们对运动因子在健康领域应用前景的浓厚兴趣。文章系统地阐述了运动因子对机体心血管系统的影响,旨在揭示运动因子在促进心血管健康以及治疗心血管疾病等方面的积极效用。
       Exercise can prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases resulting from the metabolic disorders of glucose and lipid.Exerkines are defined as a series of bioactive substances in response to exercise including proteins,peptides,small molecular metabolites and nucleic acids.Multiple tissues can produce exerkines,such as skeletal muscle,adipose tissue,and liver.Many studies indicate that exerkines play essential roles in improving glucose and lipid metabolism,which are crucial to harness the health-related benefits mediated by exercise.In recent years,with the progression of proteomics,metabolomics and high-throughput sequencings,an increasing number of exerkines are discovered.These findings expand the research on beneficial effects of exercise and draw attention to the clinical implications of exerkines.This review aims to explore the influence of exerkines on cardiovascular system and reveal their potential roles in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
医院管理

内部控制视角下优化公立医院采购与付款业务的策略研究

Strategies for optimizing procurement and payment operations in public hospitals from an internal control perspective

:855-860
 
        当前公立医院面临的内外部环境十分复杂,各种不确定因素影响公立医院健康运营。引入内部控制理念,建立健全采购与付款环节是必要的。文章对目前公立医院采购与付款业务管理中存在的问题进行分析,从改善内部环境建设、建立起有效的风险评估体系、加强采购与付款业务控制活动、巩固监督检查体系、加强信息沟通建设五个方面提出相应策略,优化公立医院采购与付款环节内部控制,从而减少风险带来的不确定性,保障医院运行的效率效益,助力医院高质量持续发展。
      Public hospitals are currently navigating a complex internal and external environment,where  various uncertainties can impact their effective operation.The introduction of internal control concepts and the establishment of  robust procurement and payment processes are essential.This paper analyzes the issues present in the management of procurement and payment operations within public hospitals.It proposes strategies across five key areas:enhancing the internal environment,establishing an effective risk assessment framework,strengthening control activities in procurement and payment processes,reinforcing the supervision and inspection system,and improving information communication.These  strategies aim to optimize internal controls,reduce uncertainty associated with risks,ensure operational efficiency,and support the sustainable,high-quality development of public hospitals.
护理研究

创伤骨科护理人员人文能力水平横断面调查研究

A cross-sectional research on the humanistic ability level of trauma orthopedic nurses

:843-848
 
       目的   通过横断面研究,统计郑州地区创伤骨科护理人员的人文关怀能力,分析影响其能力的相关因素。方法   采用便利抽样法,选取郑州地区医院150位创伤骨科护理人员作为调查对象。使用一般资料调查表、人文关怀能力量表对研究对象进行调查,分析郑州地区医院创伤骨科护理人员人文关怀能力。结果   共发放150份问卷,有效回收率100%。人文关怀能力量表总分为(191.22±16.15)分,三个维度均分由高到低分别为耐心(5.21±0.37)分、勇气(4.62±0.75)分、认知(4.19±0.24)。护士的人文关怀能力在年龄、工作年限、职称、用工性质、工作满意度等方面比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论   本研究所在地区护理人员人文关怀能力处于中等水平,但与西方国家相比,仍有较大差距,因此在今后的临床护理培训中,应制定针对性的提高策略。
      Objective  To study the level of humanistic care ability among trauma orthopedic nurses in Zhengzhou and analyze the influencing factors.Methods  A cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling to select 150 trauma orthopedic nurses from hospitals in Zhengzhou.Data were collected using a general information questionnaire and the Humanistic Care Ability Scale.Results  A total of 150 valid questionnaires were collected,with a response rate of 100%.The total score of the Humanistic Care Ability Scale was(191.22±16.15),with the dimensions scores ranked as patienc(5.21±0.37),courage(4.62±0.75)and cognition(4.19±0.24).Significant differences in humanistic care ability were observed in terms of age,work experience,professional title,employment type,and job satisfaction(P<0.05).Conclusions  The humanistic care ability of trauma orthopedic nurses in Zhengzhou is at a moderate level,but there is still a gap compared to Western countries.Targeted training strategies and improving job satisfaction are recommended.
论著

不同清洗方法对 PMMA 骨水泥附着的骨科外来医疗器械清洗对比研究

A comparative study on the cleaning of external orthopedic medical devices contaminated with PMMA bone cement using different cleaning methods

:819-823
 
       目的   探讨不同清洗方法对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)骨水泥附着的骨科外来医疗器械清洗效果。   以河源地区某三级医院消毒供应中心2023年7—12月同型号PMMA骨水泥术后附着的215件骨科外来医疗器械为研究对象,所有器械均为不锈钢材质,表面光滑,无明显磨损,利用随机数字表将其分为对照组与观察组。对照组(107件)采用常规预处理后清洗消毒器清洗,观察组(108件)预处理采用95%乙醇浸泡15 min后联合快干增亮剂清洗消毒器清洗。比较两种不同清洗方法的清洗效果。结果   观察组的器械清洗消毒后更加光滑且清洁,对照组的器械表面有部分磨损且仍存在一定程度的残留物。采用10倍光源放大镜清洁度检查,对照组清洗合格100件,清洗合格率为93.5%;观察组清洗合格108件,清洗合格率为100%。采用杰力试纸法检测,观察组清洗合格率为100%,对照组清洗合格率为94.4%,采用快速检测三磷酸腺苷(ATP)生物荧光法检查,观察组清洗合格率为99.1%,对照组清洗合格率为93.5%,观察组的清洗合格率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论  PMMA骨水泥附着的骨科外来医疗器械采用95%乙醇浸泡15 min后联合快干增亮剂和清洗消毒器可以提高清洗合格率以及外来器械再处理技术的安全性,为安全质量管理提供了有利依据。该技术适合推广使用,能有效排除医疗隐患,确保医疗安全。
       Objective  To compare the cleaning effects of  different methods on external orthopedic medical  devices contaminated with PMMA bone cement.Methods  A total of 215 external orthopedic medical devices contaminated with PMMA bone cement were selected from the disinfection supply center of a tertiary hospital in Heyuan from July to December 2023.All devices were made of stainless steel,with smooth surfaces and no significant abrasion.The devices were randomly divided into control group and observation group using a random number table.The control group(107 devices)was cleaned using conventional pre-treatment followed by a cleaning and disinfection machine.The observation group(108 devices)was pre-treated by soaking in 95% medical ethanol for 15 minutes,followed by cleaning with a quick-drying brightener and a cleaning and disinfection machine.The cleaning effects of the two methods were compared.Results  The study showed that the devices in the observation group were smoother and cleaner after cleaning and disinfection,while the devices in the control group had some abrasion and residual contaminants.Using a 10 x magnifying glass to check cleanliness,the control group had 107 devices passed the cleaning test,with a pass  rate of 93.5%,while the observation group had 108 devices passed,with a pass rate of 100%.Using the Geri test paper method,the observation group had a cleaning pass rate of 100%,and the control group had a pass rate of 94.4%.Using the ATP bioluminescence method,the observation group had a cleaning pass rate of 99.1%,and the control group had a pass rate of 93.5%.The cleaning pass rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusions  Soaking external orthopedic medical devices contaminated with PMMA bone cement in 95% medical ethanol for 15 minutes,followed by cleaning with a quick-drying brightener and a cleaning and disinfection machine,can improve the cleaning pass rate and enhance the safety of reprocessing external devices.This technique provides a  strong basis for  safety and quality management,is suitable for widespread use,which effectively eliminates medical hazards,and ensures medical safety.
论著

机械通气危重患者卧位与中心静脉压的关系研究

The relationship between lying angle and central venous pressure in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation

:804-808
 
       目的   探讨机械通气危重患者卧位与中心静脉压(CVP)的关系。方法   选取2022年1月—2024年1月开封市中医院收治的110例机械通气危重患者作为研究对象进行回顾性分析,依照患者不同卧床体位进行分组,分为平卧位组(n=20)、30°卧位组(n=30)、45°卧位组(n=40)、60°卧位组(n=20),分析机械通气危重患者卧位与中心静脉压的关系。结果   不同体位患者呼吸频率(RR)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、平均动脉压(MAP)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同体位患者CVP水平比较差异有统计学意义,平卧位组更高(P<0.05);Spearman相关分析结果表明,RR、HR、SpO2、MAP与体位无相关性(P>0.05),CVP与体位角度呈负相关(P<0.05);体位一直无变化的患者5 min、10 min CVP差值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),5 min内变化体位与5~10 min变化体位患者CVP差值有所变化(P<0.05);CVP水平可随着体位角度增加而降低,随着呼气末正压(PEEP)水平升高而升高(P<0.05)。结论   机械通气危重患者CVP可随着体位及PEEP水平变化而发生改变,因此针对患者监测CVP过程中可尽量让患者保持平卧位5 min后,且确保每次监测过程中PEEP稳定时进行CVP监测,可在监测后再对患者进行体位调整,确保CVP数据准确的同时,提升患者舒适度。
       Objective  To explore the relationship between lying angle and central venous pressure(CVP)in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.Methods  A  retrospective analysis was conducted on 110 critically ill patients with mechanical ventilation admitted to the hospital from January 2022 to January 2024.The patients were divided into three groups based on their different bed positions:supine position group(n=20),30° lying angle group(n=30),45° lying angle groupn=40),and 60° lying angle group(n=20).The relationship between CVP and lying angle of patients were compared.Results  There was no significant difference in respiratory rate(RR),heart rate(HR),blood oxygen saturation(SpO2),and mean arterial pressure(MAP)between patients in different lying angle(P>0.05),and there was a significant difference in CVP among patients in different lying angle.The supine position group had a significantly higher CVP(P<0.05).The Spearman correlation analysis results showed that RR,HR,SpO2,MAP were not significantly correlated with lying angle(P>0.05),while CVP was negatively correlated with body lying angle(P<0.05).There was no significant difference(P>0.05)in CVP between 5 minutes and 10 minutes in patients with no changes in lying angle,while patients with changes in lying angle within 5 minutes and those between 5 minutes and 10 minutes showed significant changes(P<0.05).CVP levels decreased with increasing lying angle and increased with increasing PEEP level(P<0.05).Conclusions  The CVP of critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation can change with lying angle and PEEP level.Therefore,during the monitoring of CVP for patients,it is advisable to keep them in a supine position for 5 minutes and ensure that PEEP is monitored simultaneously during each monitoring process.After monitoring,the patient’s posture can be adjusted to ensure accurate CVP data and improve patient’s comfort level.
综述

胃食管反流病患者自我管理的研究进展

Research progress on self-management in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

:746-753
 
       受现代人们生活、饮食习惯改变、心理压力增加和睡眠质量下降等因素影响,胃食管反流病的发病率逐渐增加,对患者的工作生活和情绪造成了极大的影响。自我管理能够以患者为中心,提高患者在疾病治疗中的参与度,节约医疗资源,被广泛应用在慢性病管理中。而胃食管反流病患者的自我管理仍处于初步发展阶段,缺少科学、系统的评估工具和能够广泛实行的干预流程。文章通过对胃食管反流病患者的自我管理的概念、评估工具、干预方案等方面进行综述, 旨在为胃食管反流病患者自我管理的干预提供参考。
       As modern lifestyles and dietary habits change,psychological stress increases,and sleep quality declines,the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)has been rising.This condition significantly impacts patients' work,daily life,and emotional well-being.Self-management,which centers on patient involvement,enhances participation in disease treatment,conserves medical resources,and is widely used in managing chronic diseases.However,self-management for GERD patients is still in its early stages,lacking scientifically systematic assessment tools and broadly applicable intervention protocols.This study reviews the concepts,assessment tools,and  intervention programs of self-management GERD patients,aiming to provide reference for the intervention of self-management of GERD patients.
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