综述

双硫死亡与其他细胞死亡在卵巢癌治疗中的研究进展

Research progress on disulfideptosis and other cell death pathways in ovarian cancer treatment

:452-456
 
       卵巢癌是导致女性死亡的全球第五大原因,其治疗效果受限于早期诊断和治疗方案的有限性。近年来,随着靶向治疗的不断发展,细胞死亡途径作为治疗靶点受到广泛关注,其中双硫死亡作为一种新发现的程序性细胞死亡形式,为癌症治疗提供了新的思路。文章探讨了双硫死亡及其他主要细胞死亡途径包括自噬、细胞焦亡、坏死性凋亡、铁死亡和铜死亡在卵巢癌治疗中的研究进展,有望为卵巢癌患者提供更有效的治疗选择。
    Ovarian cancer ranks as the fifth deadliest cancer among women worldwide,with treatment efficacy hampered 
by limited early diagnosis and therapeutic options.In recent years,with the continuous development of targeted therapies,cell death pathways have gained widespread attention as therapeutic targets.Among them,disulfideptosis,a newly discovered form of programmed cell death,offers a novel avenue for cancer treatment.This review aims to explore the research progress of disulfideptosis and other major cell death pathways including autophagy,apoptosis,necroptosis,ferroptosis,and cuproptosis in ovarian cancer therapy,with the potential to provide more effective treatment options for ovarian cancer patients.
综述

CD28 和 PD-1 在自发性脑出血预后中的研究进展

Research progress of CD28 and PD-1 in the prognosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

:446-451
 
       自发性脑出血(SICH)是脑卒中的一种常见形式,其预后通常较差,因此早期评估和调节患者出血后的免疫状态至关重要。免疫检查点是评估T淋巴细胞活跃性和增殖状态的关键指标,监测这些检查点有助于预测脑出血患者的预后。程序性死亡蛋白1(PD-1)和细胞分化抗原28(CD28)作为两个典型的免疫检查点,它们在脑出血预后评估中的应用正逐渐成为研究的热点。该文综述了脑出血后机体免疫状态的变化,以及PD-1和CD28在脑出血后评估和治疗中的研究进展。
       Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(SICH)is a common cause of stroke,with  specific outcomes often being poor.Therefore,early assessment and modulation of the immune status after hemorrhage are of critical importance.Immune checkpoints serve as key indicators for assessing the activation and proliferation of T cells,and monitoring these checkpoints can help to predict the outcomes of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.PD-1(programmed death 1)and CD28(Cluster of Differentiation 28)are two representative immune checkpoints,and their use in prognostic assessment after intracerebral hemorrhage is becoming a focus of research.This article reviews the changes in the immune state of the body after intracerebral hemorrhage,as well as the research progress on the use of PD-1 and CD28 in the evaluation and treatment following intracerebral hemorrhage.
综述

耳鸣中西医研究进展

Research progress of tinnitus in traditional Chinese and western medicine

:439-445
 
       耳鸣是一种常见的耳部疾病,它会导致患者感到耳内发出刺耳的嗡嗡声,并且可能会影响听力。这种症状在中老年人中尤其常见,特别是身体虚弱的人。该文从中医、西医两个角度,对耳鸣的治疗进行整理综述,以期为探索耳鸣的中西医结合疗法提供思路。
    Tinnitus is a common ear disease,it can make patients feel screeched ears buzzing,and may affect the hearing.These symptoms in middle-aged and old people are particularly common,especially the weak.In this paper,from two angles of traditional Chinese medicine,western medicine,treatment of tinnitus are summerized,which will provide the new way to find the combine traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment of tinnitus.
专家述评

嗜酸性粒细胞在心血管疾病中的研究进展

Research progress of eosinophils in cardiovascular diseases

:429-438
 
      嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)作为过敏反应中关键的先天免疫细胞,在心血管疾病的发生与发展进程中也扮演着至关重要的角色。大量证据显示,血液EOS计数与诸多心血管疾病之间存在紧密联系,但临床研究得出的结论不尽相同。基础研究发现,EOS一方面可通过释放白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、IL-13及阳离子蛋白等细胞因子,对心肌梗死、心肌肥厚、心力衰竭或腹主动脉瘤发挥保护作用;另一方面,EOS表达的阳离子蛋白和血小板活化因子会促进平滑肌细胞增殖和钙化,进而加速动脉粥样硬化的形成。因此,EOS在不同心血管疾病中所发挥的作用存在差异,这与疾病的演变进程、EOS的数量均密切相关。本文对现有的临床和基础研究成果进行汇总,阐述EOS在各类心血管疾病中的不同作用。
       Eosinophils(EOS),as key innate immune cells in allergic reactions,play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases.Ample evidence shows that the count of blood EOS is closely related to many cardiovascular diseases.However,the conclusions drawn from clinical studies are inconsistent,and these contradictory observational  results still cannot be reasonably explained so far.Basic research has found that,on the one hand,EOS can exert protective effects on myocardial infarction,myocardial hypertrophy,heart failure,or abdominal aortic aneurysm by releasing cytokines such as interleukin-4(IL-4),IL-13,and cationic proteins;on the other hand,the cationic proteins and platelet activating factors expressed by EOS can promote the proliferation and calcification of smooth muscle cells,thereby accelerating the formation of atherosclerosis.Therefore,the roles played by EOS in different cardiovascular diseases vary,which is closely related to the evolution process of the disease and the number of EOS.This article will summarize the existing clinical and basic research results to elaborate the different roles of EOS in various cardiovascular diseases.
论著

类风湿因子、T 淋巴细胞亚群与类风湿关节炎病情程度的关系研究

Relationship between rheumatoid factor,T lymphocyte subsets and the degree of rheumatoid arthritis

:361-365
 
       目的   分析类风湿因子(RF)、T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3+ 、CD4+ 、CD8+ 、CD4+ /CD8+ )与类风湿关节炎病情程度的关系。方法   选取2023年1月—2024年4月收治的90例类风湿关节炎患者作为观察组,同期到院的90例健康体检者为对照组,均接受RF、CD3+ 、CD4+ 、CD8+ 、CD4+ /CD8+ 检测,并按照类风湿关节炎患者病情评价(DAS28)判定观察组患者病情的严重程度,应用Pearson相关性分析RF、CD3+ 、CD4+ 、CD8+ 、CD4+ /CD8+ 与患者病情严重程度的关系。结果   与对照组比较,观察组RF及CD8+ 水平较高,CD3+ 、CD4+ 及CD4+ /CD8+ 水平较低(P<0.05);不同病情的RF及CD8+ 水平比较,重度患者最高,其次为中度、轻度,而CD3+ 、CD4+ 及CD4+ /CD8+ 水平比较,轻度患者最高,其次为中度、重度,两两比较均有差异统计学意义(P<0.05);经Pearson相关性分析,RF及CD8+ 水平与病情程度呈正相关,CD3+ 、CD4+ 及CD4+ /CD8+ 水平与病情程度呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论  RF、T淋巴细胞亚群指标与类风湿关节炎发生、发展有密切关系,可为医师准确评估患者病情严重程度提供可靠参考。
       Objective  To analyze the relationship between rheumatoid factor(RF),T lymphocyte subsets(CD3+CD4+ ,CD8+ ,CD4+ /CD8+ )and the severity of rheumatoid arthritis.Methods  A total of 90 patients with rheumatoid arthritis from January 2023 to April 2024 were selected as the observation group,and 90 healthy checkup individuals who came to the hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.All patients underwent RF,CD3+ ,CD4+ ,CD8+ ,and CD4+ /CD8+  tests,and the severity of their condition was determined based on the evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis patient condition(DAS28).Pearson Correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between RF,CD3+ ,CD4+ ,CD8+ ,CD4+ /CD8+  and the disease severity of the patients.Results  Compared with the control group,RF and CD8+  levels in the observation group were higher,while the levels of CD3+ ,CD4+  and CD4+ /CD8+  were low(P<0.05).Comparison of RF and CD8+  levels for different conditions,the RF and CD8+  levels of the severe patients was highest,followed by moderate and mild.However,the CD3+ ,CD4+  and CD4+ /CD8+levels were highest in mild patients,followed by the moderate and sereve patients.Statistical significance was found in both pairwise comparisons(P<0.05).After the Pearson correlation analysis,RF and CD8+  levels were positively correlated with the degree of disease,while CD3+ ,CD4+ ,and CD4+ /CD8+  levels were inversely associated with the degree of disease condition(P<0.05).Conclusions  RF and T lymphocyte subsets are closely related to the occurrence and development of rheumatoid arthritis,and can provide reliable references for physicians to accurately evaluate the severity of patients’ conditions.
论著

ApoE 基因多态性与大动脉粥样硬化型脑梗死及卒中后认知障碍的相关性研究

Correlation of ApoE gene polymorphisms with large artery atherosclerotic cerebral infarction and post-stroke cognitive impairment

:338-345
 
      目的   探讨载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与卒中后认知障碍的相关性,即大动脉粥样硬化型脑梗塞的严重程度。方法   采用病例——对照研究的方法,收集九江学院附属医院神经内科的100例急性缺血性脑卒中且病因分型为大动脉粥样硬化型患者(脑梗死组)和50例性别、年龄匹配的非缺血性脑卒中患者(对照组)。检测患者的 ApoE 基因型、血脂、美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)、卒中后6个月简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)等,采用多因素方差分析等统计学方法分析他们之间的关联性。结果  ApoE 3/4基因型频率与Ɛ3、Ɛ4等位基因频率,在脑梗死组别中高于对照组(P<0.05)。同时,携带Ɛ3等位基因患者的低密度脂蛋白水平高于携带Ɛ2、Ɛ4等位基因的患者;进一步分析发现含Ɛ3等位基因的脑梗死患者NIHSS评分更高、卒中后认知障碍更严重(P<0.05)。结论  ApoE基因型为Ɛ3/4、等位基因Ɛ3、Ɛ4更易罹患大动脉粥样硬化型脑梗死,提示该基因型是脑梗死的易感基因,脑梗死后认知障碍患者Ɛ3等位基因的频率较高,可能是卒中后认知障碍的易感因素。
       Objective  To  explore the  relationship  between ApoE  gene  polymorphisms  and  post-stroke  cognitive  impairment,the severity of large artery atherosclerotic cerebral infarction.Methods  A  case-control research  study was conducted,gathering  data from  100 individuals  diagnosed with large artery atherosclerotic cerebral infarction according to the TOAST classification,who admitted to the Neurology Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University.Additionally,50 non-ischemic stroke patients,matched for gender and age,were included as the control group.The patients were assessed for ApoE genotype,blood lipid,NIHSS,and MMSE scale at 6 months post-stroke,and statistical methods were used to analyze their associations.  Results  Significant differences were observed in the ApoE 3/4 genotype frequency and Ɛ3、Ɛ4 allele frequency between patients with cerebral infarction and the control group,with a notably higher incidence of cerebral infarction in the former.Furthermore,patients carrying the Ɛ3 allele exhibited significantly higher LDL levels than those carrying Ɛ2 or Ɛ4.The analysis also revealed that patients with the Ɛ4 allele experienced higher NIHSS and severer post-stroke cognitive impairment.Conclusions  The findings suggest that the ApoE genotype Ɛ3/4 and allele Ɛ3、Ɛ4 may predispose individuals to develop large atherosclerotic cerebral infarction,indicating a susceptibility gene for cerebral infarction.Additionally,the Ɛ3 allele was associated with a higher frequency of cognitive deficits after cerebral infarction,implying that it may be a predisposing factor for post-stroke cognitive impairment.
综述

lncRNA linc-UBC1 在恶性肿瘤发生发展中的作用研究进展

Research progress of long non-coding RNA linc-UBC1 in the development of malignant tumors

:323-329
 
      长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是一类长度大于200个核苷酸转录本,通过调控DNA、RNA及蛋白质的表达和功能,参与肿瘤发生、发展并发挥重要作用的RNA,近年来lncRNA成为恶性肿瘤早期诊断和预后标志物研究新的关注方向。Linc-UBC1作为一种新发现的lncRNA,在多种恶性肿瘤如肺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、食管鳞癌等中异常高表达,可通过作为竞争性RNA(ceRNA)、参与信号通路等促进肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭、细胞周期进展、细胞凋亡和上皮间充质转化(EMT)等过程;高表达的linc-UBC1能够增加恶性肿瘤的耐药性,其表达水平与肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移和原发肿瘤远处转移呈正相关;linc-UBC1有望成为许多恶性肿瘤的新型的生物标志物、预后预测因子和治疗靶点,但其具体的调控机制仍处于研究的早期阶段,有待进一步深入研究。文章就目前linc-UBC1在恶性肿瘤发生和发展中的作用研究进展进行综述。
       Long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)is a class of transcripts with a length of more than 200 nucleotides.It is 
involved in the occurrence and development of tumors and plays an important role by regulating the expression and function of DNA,RNA and protein.In recent years,lncRNA has become a new research direction for early diagnosis and prognosis of malignant tumors.As a newly discovered lncRNA,linc-UBC1 is abnormally highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors such as lung cancer,gastric cancer,colorectal cancer,cervical cancer,ovarian cancer,and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.It can  promote the proliferation,migration,invasion,cell cycle progression,cell apoptosis and EMT of tumor cells by acting as a competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA)and participating in signaling pathways.High expression of linc-UBC1 can increase the drug resistance of malignant tumors,and its expression level is positively correlated with tumor stage,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis of primary tumors.linc-UBC1 is expected to become a new biomarker,prognostic predictor and therapeutic target for many malignant tumors,while its specific regulatory mechanism is still in the early stage of research and needs further in-depth study.This article reviews the current research progress of linc-UBC1 in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors.
综述

早发冠心病与基因多态性的相关研究进展

Research progress on the correlation between premature coronary artery disease and genetic polymorphism

:310-315
 
       根据美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人组第三次报告NECP-ATPⅢ会议定义,当男性年龄<55岁,女性年龄<65岁诊断为冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)时即为早发冠心病(pCAD)。作为冠心病的特殊类型之一,pCAD发生多伴明显家族史。近年来随着早发冠心病患者人数呈明显上升趋势,且单核苷酸多态性(SNP)研究和全基因组关联研究的迅速发展,与早发冠心病相关的基因多态性研究成为热点。笔者利用多个文献数据库检索国内外相关文献,对近年早发冠心病的基因多态性研究进展予以综述,并尝试归纳总结出新的重点研究方向。
   According to the third meeting of the Adult Education Group of the Cholesterol Education Program of the United States(NECP-ATPⅢ),premature coronary artery disease(pCAD)is a disease diagnosed in men <55 years old and women <65 years old,which is a special form of CAD with multiple obvious family history.In recent years,with the increasing number of patients with pCAD,and the rapid development of single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)and genome-wide association studies,the study of gene polymorphism related to premature coronary artery disease has become a hot topic.Several database were searched to collect relevant literature at home and abroad,and the research progress of gene polymorphism of premature coronary artery disease in recent years was summarized,and tried to provide new key research directions.
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炎症性肠病相关易感基因及其作用机制的研究进展

Research progress on susceptibility genes and their mechanisms in inflammatory bowel disease

:300-309
 
       炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种以反复腹痛、腹泻、血便和体重降低为主要表现的慢性特发性性疾病,主要分为溃疡性结肠炎与克罗恩病两种类型。近年来,IBD的患病率随着城市化和工业化进展迅速升高,给中国和全球的公共健康带来沉重的负担。随着人类基因组技术的发展,越来越多的证据表明,遗传学因素在IBD发病过程中起着不可或缺的作用。在亚欧人群中,通过大规模全基因组关联研究现已明确了320个IBD易感基因位点。IBD易感基因在影响机体的细胞代谢、免疫功能调节、肠道上皮屏障和微生物清除等多个方面发挥着重要作用。本文就IBD相关易感基因及其多态性的研究进展进行综述,从基因层面揭示IBD发病的分子机制,并对探索IBD因人而异的个性化治疗方案提供帮助。
    Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic idiopathic disease characterized by recurrent abdominal pain,diarrhea,bloody stools,and weight loss.Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease represent the two main types of IBD.In recent years,the prevalence of IBD has increased rapidly with the advancement of industrialization,imposing a heavy burden on public health in China and globally.Currently,with the development of genomics,a growing body of evidence suggests that genetic factors play an indispensable role in the pathogenesis of IBD.In the Eurasian population,320 IBD susceptibility gene loci have been identified through large-scale genome-wide association studies.IBD susceptibility genes play a crucial role in various aspects affecting cellular metabolism,immune function regulation,intestinal epithelial barrier,and microbial clearance.This article reviews the susceptibility genes and their polymorphisms associated with IBD,revealing the molecule mechanisms of IBD from gene perspectives and contributing to the development of personalized treatment strategies tailored to individual IBD patients.
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结直肠癌肝转移的分子机制及临床治疗的研究进展

Advances in the emerging mechanisms and treatment progress on liver metastasis of colorectal cancer

:288-299
 
       结直肠癌(CRC)是全球第三大最常见的癌症,也是癌症相关死亡的第二大常见原因。结直肠癌肝转移(CRLM)是导致CRC患者死亡的主要原因,根治性肝切除术是目前有望治愈CRLM的唯一途径,但大部分患者不能进行根治性肝切除术。通过早期发现并进行针对性干预,能够改善患者的治疗效果及预后。文章通过综述CRLM的发病机制、诊疗现状及最新纳米诊疗方法,为深入探索高效诊疗方法提供思路。
      Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide.Colorectal cancer liver metastases(CRLM)are the leading cause of death in patients with CRC.Radical hepatectomy is the only way to cure CRLM so far,while most patients cannot undergo radical hepatectomy.CRLM treatment efficacy and prognosis can be improved by early diagnosis and specialized intervention.This paper reviews the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment status of CRLM and the latest nano-diagnosis and treatment methods so as to provide ideas for in-depth exploration of efficient diagnosis and treatment methods.
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