年轻冠心病介入治疗术后心血管康复管理行为发展轨迹及影响因素分析

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目的:探讨年轻冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后患者康复管理行为的发展轨迹及其异质性亚组,并分析基线心理社会因素及临床特征对轨迹归属的影响,为制定精准化心脏康复管理策略提供依据。方法:采用回顾性研究设计,选取2022年1月至2025年3月在郑州大学第五附属医院心血管内科行首次PCI治疗的265例年轻冠心病患者(年龄22~45岁)为研究对象。于术后1个月(基线)、3个月、6个月、12个月采用冠心病PCI术后康复管理行为问卷进行纵向随访评估;基线时同时完成一般自我效能感量表、社会支持评定量表及医院焦虑抑郁量表测评。应用潜类别增长模型识别康复管理行为的发展轨迹,采用多元Logistic回归分析影响轨迹归属的因素。结果:年轻冠心病PCI术后患者术后1个月康复管理行为总分为(68.5±14.2)分,3个月升至(70.3±13.8)分,之后持续下降,12个月降至(63.2±18.1)分,各时间点差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。潜类别增长模型识别出3种行为发展轨迹:持续高行为组(75例,28.3%),行为始终维持高水平且无显著下降;中度下降组(120例,45.3%),行为早期尚可但逐渐下降;持续低行为组(70例,26.4%),行为起点低且下降速度最快。Pearson相关分析显示,基线康复管理行为总分与自我效能、社会支持呈正相关(r=0.523,0.452,均P<0.01),与焦虑、抑郁呈负相关(r=-0.381,-0.346,均P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,文化程度高中及以下(OR=2.15,95%CI 1.12~4.13)、合并糖尿病(OR=2.33,95%CI 1.10~4.95)、左心室射血分数<50%(OR=2.80,95%CI 1.15~6.82)及焦虑得分升高(OR=1.12,95%CI 1.01~1.24)是未维持高水平康复行为的独立危险因素(均P<0.05);自我效能得分高(OR=0.92,95%CI 0.88~0.96)及社会支持得分高(OR=0.95,95%CI 0.91~0.99)为独立保护因素(均P<0.05)。结论:年轻冠心病PCI术后患者康复管理行为整体呈先升后降趋势,且存在3种异质性发展轨迹,仅不足三成患者可长期维持高水平依从。低文化程度、合并糖尿病、心功能不全及高焦虑水平者更易归属行为低下或下降轨迹,而高自我效能、高社会支持则有助于行为维持。临床应建立基于轨迹分层的随访管理体系,对持续低行为组及中度下降组早期识别并实施针对性强化干预。

EP患者宫腔镜息肉切除术后发生IUA的风险因素及构建的Logistic风险预测模型对IUA发生的预测效能

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目的 探讨子宫内膜息肉(EP)患者宫腔镜息肉切除术后发生宫腔粘连(IUA)的影响因素,并构建Logistic回归模型,以筛选高危患者,并指导临床制定治疗方案。方法 前瞻性选取2023年1月~2025年1月于本院就诊的200例EP患者为研究对象,依据宫腔镜息肉切除术后6个月内是否发生IUA,将其分为发生组61例、未发生组139例。比较两组临床资料及多因素分析术后IUA发生的影响因素,构建Logistic回归模型,并验证该模型对术后IUA发生的预测价值。结果 手术时间、宫内节育器、剖宫产史、多发息肉、盆腔炎病史及术前血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、 细胞趋化因子配体-5(CXCL5)、白细胞介素-22(IL-22)为术后IUA发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05);Logistic回归模型预测术后IUA发生风险的AUC值为0.927,敏感度、特异度分别为88.52%、88.49%,且该模型具有良好拟合度、校准度及临床应用性。结论 基于手术时间、宫内节育器、剖宫产史、多发息肉、盆腔炎病史及术前血清VEGF、CXCL5、IL-22构建预测模型,可有效预测EP患者宫腔镜息肉切除术后IUA发生风险,有助于指导临床制定干预方案。

非重型肺源性ARDS患者发病后30 d内发生肺纤维化的风险因素及构建的Logistic风险预测模型对肺纤维化发生的预测效能

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目的 探讨非重型肺源性急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者发生肺纤维化的影响因素,并构建Logistic回归模型,以筛选高危患者,指导临床制定针对性干预方案。方法 前瞻性选取2022年1月~2024年12月于本院诊治的134例非重型肺源性ARDS患者为研究对象,依据发病后30 d内是否发生肺纤维化将其分为发生组58例、未发生组76例。比较两组临床资料,并通过多因素Logistic回归分析肺纤维化发生的影响因素。构建Logistic回归模型,并分析该模型对肺纤维化发生的预测价值。结果 多因素Logistic回归分析显示病程中出现休克、脓毒症、吸烟史、肺动脉高压及血清白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、Clara细胞分泌蛋白16(CC-16)、成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF-2)水平为肺纤维化发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05);Logistic回归模型预测肺纤维化发生的AUC值为0.871,敏感度、特异度分别为77.59%、84.21%,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验该模型与观测值拟合度良好,且Bootstrap检验显示该模型具有良好的区分度。结论 病程中出现休克、脓毒症、吸烟史、肺动脉高压及血清IL-8、HIF-1α、CC-16、FGF-2水平为非重型肺源性ARDS患者发生肺纤维化的独立危险因素,基于上述危险因素构建Logistic回归模型,该模型预测肺纤维化发生具有良好的预测效能,临床可依据上述因素采取针对性干预方案,以降低肺纤维化发生率。

Logistic多因素回归分析颈椎病患者发生项韧带钙化的影响因素

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目的 基于Logistic多因素回归分析颈椎病患者发生项韧带钙化的影响因素,以期为临床制定相应干预方案提供参考。 方法 回顾性选取我院2021年5月~2025年5月收治的198例颈椎病患者作为研究对象,根据是否发生项韧带钙化分为发生组(n=115)、未发生组(n=83),比较两组临床资料,将差异有统计学意义的资料纳入logistic多因素回归分析,分析颈椎病患者发生项韧带钙化的影响因素。 结果 两组年龄、合并糖尿病、高枕睡眠、规律体育锻炼、颈椎曲度异常、每日低头时间、血钙、血磷水平比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Logistic回归方程分析结果显示,年龄、合并糖尿病、高枕睡眠、规律体育锻炼、颈椎曲度异常、每日低头时间均为颈椎病患者发生项韧带钙化的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。 结论 颈椎病患者发生项韧带钙化与年龄、合并糖尿病、高枕睡眠、规律体育锻炼、颈椎曲度异常、每日低头时间密切相关,临床可结合其针对性制定相应干预方案,以降低钙化风险、延缓颈椎病进展。
论著

自发性脑出血患者静脉血栓栓塞症的危险因素及预防措施

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and venous thromboembolism:Risk factors and preventive strategies

:214-220
 
       目的 探讨自发性脑出血(SICH)患者静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)的独立危险因素,并评估针对性分层预防措施的有效性及安全性, 为临床优化防治策略提供依据。方法 回顾性纳入2022年1月—2025年1月收治的86例SICH患者, 根据下肢深静脉超声结果分为深静脉血栓(DVT)组(n=16)与非DVT组(n=70)。采集患者基线资料、临床特征及实验室指标, 采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析VTE危险因素, 并基于独立危险因素制定分层预防方案。结果 多因素分析显示, 体质指数(BMI)升高(OR=1.22, 95%CI:1.06~1.41)、中心静脉置管(OR=5.23, 95%CI:1.37~19.95)、止血药物使用(OR=4.80, 95%CI:1.21~19.01)及NIHSS评分升高(OR=1.20, 95%CI:1.02~1.42)是VTE的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。因此需针对SICH患者进行针对性干预, 包括基于BMI的个体化干预、中心静脉置管的精细化管控、止血药物的动态调控及神经功能保护与早期康复。结论 SICH患者VTE发生与代谢、医源性及神经功能损伤多因素交互作用密切相关, 应针对患者构建基于BMI、中心静脉管理及凝血监测的分层预防策略。
       Objective To explore the independent risk factors for venous thromboembolism(VTE)in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(SICH)and to assess the effectiveness and safety of targeted stratified prophylaxis to provide a basis for optimizing prevention and treatment strategies in the clinic.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 86 SICH patients admitted between January 2022 and January 2025.Based on lower-extremity venous ultrasound findings, patients were divided into a deep venous thrombosis(DVT)group(n=16)and a non-DVT group(n=70).Baseline characteristics, clinical features, and laboratory indicators were collected.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify VTE risk factors, and a stratified prevention protocol was developed based on independent risk factors.Results Multivariate analysis revealed that elevated body mass index(BMI)(OR=1.22, 95%CI:1.06-1.41), central venous catheterization(OR=5.23, 95%CI:1.37-19.95), hemostatic drug use(OR=4.80, 95%CI:1.21-19.01), and higher NIHSS scores(OR=1.20, 95%CI:1.02-1.42)were independent risk factors for VTE(all P<0.05).Consequently, targeted nursing interventions should be implemented for SICH patients, including BMI-based personalized care, refined management of central venous catheters, dynamic regulation of hemostatic drugs, and neuroprotective early rehabilitation.Conclusions VTE in SICH patients is closely associated with the interplay of metabolic, iatrogenic,and neurological injury factors.A stratified prevention strategy incorporating BMI monitoring, central venous catheter management, and coagulation surveillance is critical for reducing thrombotic risk while ensuring safety.
论著

老年脆性骨折患者术前衰弱前期、衰弱现状调查及影响因素分析

Status of preoperative weakness and influencing factors in elderly patients with osteoporotic fracture

:188-194
 
       目的 调查老年脆性骨折患者术前衰弱现况,并分析影响因素。方法 采用便利抽样法, 2024年11月—2025年3月, 选取于广州市某三甲医院骨科住院的207例老年脆性骨折患者, 使用一般资料调查表、简易衰弱评估量表、简版流调中心抑郁量表、广泛性焦虑量表和营养风险筛查量表2002开展问卷调查。采用有序分类Logistic回归, 分析老年脆性骨折患者术前衰弱的影响因素。结果 207例老年脆性骨折患者的术前衰弱前期占48.3%, 衰弱发生率为23.2%。有序分类Logistic 回归分析结果显示年龄(OR=1.131)、睡眠差(OR=2.557)、合并3种及以上慢性病(OR=3.990)、抑郁(OR=3.296)、营养不良风险(OR=4.005)为老年脆性骨折患者术前衰弱的危险因素,BMI正常(OR=0.206)是保护因素(均P<0.05)。结论 老年脆性骨折患者年龄, 睡眠情况, 多种共病,抑郁, 存在营养不良风险及BMI影响其术前衰弱水平, 重视衰弱的筛查及早期干预, 提升患者治疗效果和生活质量。
       Objective To explore the preoperative frailty status and influencing factors in elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures.Methods Using convenience sampling, 207 elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures admitted to the orthopedic department of a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou from November 2024 to March 2025 were selected.Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Frail Scale, the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D-10), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7), and the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002(NRS-2002).Logistic regression was used to analyze factors influencing preoperative frailty.Results Among 207 elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures, the incidence of early stages of frailty was 48.3%, and the incidence of frailty was 23.2%.Logistic regression analysis revealed the following risk factors for preoperative frailty:age(OR=1.131), poor sleep quality(OR=2.557), multiple chronic comorbidities(OR=3.990), depression(OR=3.296), nutritional risk(OR=4.005).Normal body mass index(OR=0.206)was a protective factor.Conclusions Advanced age,poor sleep quality, multiple chronic comorbidities, depression, nutritional risk and body mass index are associated with frailty in elderly osteoporotic fracture patients.Health care providers should pay attention to frailty screening and early intervention, which can reverse or delay the progression of frailty and improve the treatment effect and quality of life of patients.
论著

护士的护理伦理敏感性现状及影响因素 Meta 分析

Meta-analysis of the current status and influencing factors of nurses’ ethical sensitivity in nursing

:56-62
 
       目的   系统评价护士的护理伦理敏感性现状及影响因素,为针对性干预提供参考。方法   检索国内外相关数据库,检索时限为2024年7月护士的护理伦理敏感性现状及影响因素的相关文献。由两名分析人员独立筛选文献、提取资料、质量评价后采用Stata 15.0和RevMan 5.3软件进行meta分析。结果   纳入16篇文献,包括4 961例研究对象。Meta分析结果显示,护士的护理伦理敏感性处于中等偏高水平,总分为[OR=67.29,95%CI(53.24,81.34)]分。年龄OR=2.78,95%CI(1.45,5.33),P=0.002]、工作年限[OR=3.55,95%CI(1.35,9.33),P=0.001]、伦理知识教育[OR=14.60,95%CI(4.24,50.32),P<0.001]、共情能力[OR=1.35,95%CI(1.01,1.80),P<0.001]、工作场所氛围[OR=1.85,95%CI(0.42,4.51),P<0.001]、工作嵌入量[OR=3.60,95%CI(0.40,32.84),P=0.001]是护士护理伦理敏感性的主要影响因素。结论   当前证据表明,护士的护理伦理敏感性处于中等偏高水平,影响因素较多,管理者需结合人群特征实施干预,以提高护士护理伦理敏感性水平。
   Objective  To systematically evaluate the current status of nurses’  ethical  sensitivity in  nursing  and influencing factors that influence it,in order to inform targeted interventions.Methods  Domestic and international databases were searched to collect literature related to the current status of nurses’ ethical sensitivity in nursing and the factors influencing it from the year of construction to July 2024.Meta-analysis was performed by two analysts independently screening the literature,extracting information,and quality evaluation using Stata 15.0 and RevMan 5.3 software.Results  Sixteen papers including 4 961 study subjects were included.Meta-analysis results showed that nurses had moderately high level of ethical sensitivity in nursing with a total score of 67.29(95%CI[53.24,81.34]).Age(OR=2.78,95%CI[1.45,5.33],P=0.002),years of experienceOR=3.55,95%CI[1.35,9.33],P=0.001),education on ethical knowledge(OR=14.60,95%CI[4.24,50.32],P<0.001),and empathic ability(OR=1.35,95%CI[1.01,1.80],P<0.001),workplace atmosphere(OR=1.85,95%CI[0.42,4.51],P<0.001),and the amount of job embeddedness(OR=3.60,95%CI[0.40,32.84],P=0.001) were the main influences on nurses’ ethical sensitivity in nursing.Conclusions  The previous evidence suggests that nurses have moderately high levels of nursing ethical sensitivity,with a high number of influencing factors,and managers need to give interventions that incorporate the characteristics of the population in order to increase the level of nursing ethical sensitivity among nurses.
论著

广州市某三甲医院老年住院患者服务需求现状及影响因素分析

Current status and influencing factors of elderly patients’ service needs in Guangzhou

:1736-1744
 
       目的   调查老年人照护服务需求现状并分析其影响因素,为构建基于需求为导向的老年照护服务体系提供参考依据。方法  采用便利抽样法,选取广州市某三甲医院212名老年人作为调查对象,采用日常生活能力量表、Fried衰弱评估量表及自行编制的老年人需求评估问卷进行调查。结果   老年人对运动与营养(1.96±0.90分)、心理慰藉(2.63±0.85分)、安宁服务(2.73±1.07分)的需求水平较高。多因素线性回归分析结果显示养老方式、日常生活活动能力、爱好数量、性别、衰弱等级、有无主要照顾者是照护服务需求的影响因素(P均<0.05),可解释61.5%的变异量。   老年人的照护服务需求受多种因素的影响。应根据老年人的不同特征,构建供需匹配的多元化,多层次照护体系。
       Objective  To investigate the status quo of care service needs of the elderly and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide a reference for the construction of a needs-oriented care service system for the elderly.Methods  A total of 212 elderly people from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou were selected by convenience sampling method and investigated with the Activity of Daily Living scale,Fried frailty scale and the self-designed elderly needs assessment questionnaire.Results  Elderly patients had higher demands for exercise,nutrition,psychological comfort and hospice services.The results of multivariate analysis showed that the influencing factors of care service demand included pension style,activities of daily living,number of hobbies,gender,frailty level,and having main caregivers(all P<0.05),which could explain 61.5% of the variation.Conclusions  The care needs of elderly patients are affected by many factors.A diversified and multi-level care system with matching supply and demand should be constructed according to the different characteristics of the elderly.
论著

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后恐动症患者不良心理健康状态的影响因素分析

Analysis of the influencing factors of adverse psychological health status in patients with kinesiophobia after percutaneous coronary intervention

:1712-1723
 
       目的   识别经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后恐动症患者抑郁、焦虑和压力的影响因素。方法   采用横断面研究,纳入780例行PCI术后恐动症患者。应用系列量表评估恐动症患者的不良心理健康状况、生活质量、自我感受负担、社会支持和运动自我效能,并通过问卷收集了患者的社会人口学数据。线性回归和Logistic回归用于识别抑郁、焦虑和压力等不良心理状态的影响因素,应用中介分析探索潜在的中介机制。结果  271例(34.7%)、304例(39.0%)和153例(19.6%)恐动症患者存在不同程度的抑郁、焦虑和压力。恐动症患者的抑郁、焦虑和压力水平呈正相关。线性回归和Logistic分析结果表明,较高的家庭月收入与较高的抑郁水平相关(线性回归:β为0.908和1.937;Logistic:OR2.05和5.47),社会支持程度与抑郁水平呈负相关(线性回归:β=-0.079;Logistic:OR=0.93)。单身/离异/寡居患者的焦虑水平显著高于已婚患者(线性回归:β=1.613;Logistic:OR=2.28)。与家庭月收入低于5 000元者相比,家庭月收入为5 000~10 000元之间的患者的压力水平较高(线性回归:β=1.065;Logistic:OR=3.14)。此外,自我感受负担较重的患者具有更高的压力水平(线性回归:β=0.077;Logistic:OR=1.05)。中介分析结果表明,焦虑和压力是社会支持/自我感受负担与抑郁之间关联的潜在中介因子。结论  PCI术后恐动症患者广泛存在心理健康问题,其家庭月收入、年龄、婚姻状况、生活方式和病史等因素对患者的不良心理健康状态具有显著影响。医务人员应关注这些患者的心理健康状况及影响因素,制定综合管理策略以改善其预后。
       Objective  To identify the risk factors associated with depression,anxiety  and  stress in  patients with kinesiophobia after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods  In this cross-sectional study,780 patients who developed kinesiophobia after undergoing PCI were enrolled.A series of scales were used to assess the psychological health status,quality of life,self-perceived burden,social support,and exercise self-efficacy of patients with kinesiophobia,and socio-demographic data of the patients were collected through a questionnaire.Linear regression analyses and Logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors of adverse psychological outcomes,including depression,anxiety,and stress.Furthermore,mediation analysis was employed to explore the potential mediating mechanisms.Results  Among the 780 patients with kinesiophobia,271(34.7%),304(39.0%)and 153(19.6%)were found to have varying degrees of depression,anxiety,and stress,respectively.The levels of depression,anxiety and stress in patients with kinesiophobia were positively correlated with each other.The results of both linear regression and Logistic regression analyses indicated that higher levels of family monthly income were associated with higher levels of depression(linear:β=0.908 and 1.937;Logistic:OR=2.05 and 5.47),while the degree of social support was negatively correlated with depression levels(linear:β=-0.079;Logistic:OR=0.93).For patients who were single,divorced or widowed,their levels of anxiety were significantly higher than those of married patients(linear:β=1.613;Logistic:OR=2.28).Compared to patients with a monthly household income of less than 5 000 yuan,those with a monthly income between 5 000 and 10 000 yuan reported higher levels of stress(linear:β=1.065;Logistic:OR=3.14).Additionally,patients who perceived a higher personal burden also experienced greater stress(linear:β=0.077;Logistic:OR=1.05).Mediation analysis indicated that anxiety and stress were potential mediating factors in the relationship between social support/self-perceived burden and depression.Conclusions  This study  reported the widespread psychological health issues among patients with kinesiophobia after PCI and the interactions between these issues.Factors such as monthly household income,age,marital status,lifestyle and medical  history were found to  be significantly associated with these negative psychological outcomes.Clinicians and nurses should focus on the psychological health and influencing factors of these patients and develop comprehensive management strategies to improve their prognosis.
论著

急性 DVT 患者 CDT 治疗中血管导管相关感染危险因素及病原菌分析

Risk factors and pathogens analysis of vessel catheter associated infection in acute DVT patients undergoing CDT treatment

:1705-1711
 
       目的   通过对急性深静脉血栓形成(DVT)患者经导管接触性溶栓治疗(CDT)中,影响血管导管相关感染(VCAI)危险因素及病原菌分析,为VCAI的预防提供合理、有效的措施。方法   收集2019年1月—2022年12月徐州市肿瘤医院介入科行CDT治疗的急性DVT患者的临床资料,回顾性调查患者诊疗相关资料及血培养结果,并对发生VCAI和病原菌情况进行分析。结果   本研究共调查急性DVT行CDT治疗的患者437例,发生VCAI的患者共21例,千日感染率为0.543‰。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:溶栓频率>3次/天[OR=3.49(95%CI:1.86~6.45)]、导管留置时间>7 dOR=3.86(95%CI:1.26~10.18)]和有导管回送[OR=8.67(95%CI:4.83~12.65)]是患者发生VCAI的危险因素(P<0.05)。发生VCAI的21例患者,血培养共培养出24株病原菌,有3例患者出现复合病原菌感染情况。其中以革兰阳性球菌最为常见,共培养出13株,占比54.17%,革兰阴性菌9株,占比37.5 %。结论   导管留置时间>7 d、溶栓频率>3次/天和有导管回送是急性DVT患者CDT治疗中发生VCAI的危险因素。VCAI的病原菌以单一病原菌为主,可合并其他病原菌感染,其中以革兰阳性球菌为主。
        Objective  By analyzing the risk factors and pathogens of vessel catheter associated infection(VCAI)in patients with acute deep vein thrombosis(DVT)undergoing catheter directed thrombolysis(CDT),to provide  reasonable and effective measures for the prevention and treatment of VCAI .Methods  Clinical data of patients undergoing CDT treatment for acute DVT in the interventional department of the hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 was collected,patient diagnosis and treatment related data and blood culture results were retrospectively investigated and organized,and the occurrence of VCAI and pathogenic bacteria was statistically analyzed.Results  This study investigated 437 patients undergoing CDT treatment for acute DVT,and a total of 21 patients developed VCAI,with an infection rate of 0.543‰.The  results of multiple Logistic  regression analysis show that thrombolysis frequency>3 times/day(OR=3.49[95%CI:1.86-6.45]),catheter retention days>7 daysOR=3.86[95%CI:1.26-10.18]),and the presence of catheter return(OR=8.67[95%CI:4.83-12.65]) were risk factors for the occurrence of VCAI in patients.Among the 21 patients with VCAI,a total of 24 strains of pathogenic bacteria were discoveredin blood culture,and 3 patients developed composite pathogen infections.Among them,Gram  positive cocci were the most common,with a total of 13 strains cultured,accounting for 54.17%,9 strains of Gram negative bacteria,accounting for 37.5%.Conclusions  The duration of catheter retention>7 days,thrombolysis frequency>3 times/day,and the presence of catheter return are risk factors for VCAI in acute DVT patients undergoing CDT treatment.The pathogen of VCAI is mainly single pathogen,which can be combined with other pathogens,among which Gram positive cocci are the main pathogen.
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