2025年11月 第56卷 第11期

主管:广州市卫生健康委员会
主办:广州市第一人民医院
承办:
主编:曹杰
专家共识

广州地区“港澳药械通”伦理审查共识

Consensus on ethical review of Hong Kong and Macao Drug and Medical Device Access in Guangzhou

:1467-1472
 
       为规范广州地区“港澳药械通”伦理审查工作,满足临床用药用械需求,保障患者用药用械安全,广州市医学会医学伦理分会、广州市医院协会“港澳药械通”工作专业委员会组织行业专家,结合相关政策法规要求与本地实践经验,广泛征求专家意见,经多次讨论,形成《广州地区“港澳药械通”伦理审查共识》。共识涵盖适用范围、术语和定义、伦理审查的原则、伦理审查的类别、伦理审查的流程、伦理审查的方式及多医疗机构申请的伦理审查等方面。共识旨在为广州地区“港澳药械通”指定医疗机构的伦理审查工作提供指导,统一审查标准,提高审查效率与质量,切实保护患者的合法权益,促进临床急需进口港澳药械的安全合理使用,从而促进粤港澳大湾区医疗健康事业发展。
       To standardize the ethical review process of the “Hong Kong and Macao Drugs and Medical Devices Access” in Guangzhou,meet the clinical demand for drugs and medical devices,and ensure the safety of patients’ use of drugs and medical devices,the Medical Ethics Branch of Guangzhou Medical Association and the “Hong Kong and Macao Drugs and Medical Devices Access” Professional Committee of Guangzhou Hospital Association organized industry experts,combined with  relevant policy and regulatory requirements and local practical experience,widely solicited expert opinions,the “Consensus on Ethical Review of Drugs and Medical Devices for Hong Kong and Macao in Guangzhou” were formed after several discussions.The consensus content covers aspects such as the scope of application,terms and definitions,principles of ethical review,categories of ethical review,procedures of ethical review,methods of ethical review,and Ethical Review for Multi-institutional Applications.The consensus aims to provide guidance for the ethical review work of designated medical institutions for the “Hong Kong and Macao Drugs and Medical Devices Access” in the Guangzhou area,unify the review standards,improve the efficiency and quality of the review,effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of patients,promote the safe and rational use of clinically urgently imported medicines and medical devices Hong Kong Macao,and thereby promote the development of medical and health care in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
专家述评

青少年非自杀性自伤行为研究进展

Advances in the study of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents

:1473-1481
 
       非自杀性自伤行为(NSSI)是指个体在没有自杀意图的情况下,故意对自己身体进行伤害的行为。近年来,NSSI在全球范围内整体呈上升趋势,尤其在青少年群体中日益普遍,这与青少年的年龄特点、心理及生物学特征、社会压力等因素密切相关。有研究表明,NSSI是自杀行为的独立危险因素,不仅对青少年健康造成严重影响,也给家庭和社会带来了沉重的负担。因此,本文通过系统回顾NSSI相关文献,阐述其流行病学现况、影响因素和干预措施,旨在为早期识别高危人群、预防青少年NSSI行为的发生以及制定相应的干预策略提供科学依据。
       Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)is the behavior in which an individual intentionally inflicts harm on his or her own body without suicidal intent.In recent years,NSSI has been on the rise globally,especially among adolescents,which is closely related to the age characteristics,psychological and biological characteristics,and social pressure.Some studies have shown that NSSI is an independent risk factor for suicidal behavior,which not only poses a serious impact on the health of adolescents,but also imposes a heavy burden on families and society.Therefore,this article systematically reviews relevant literatures on NSSI,mainly elaborating the epidemiological status,influencing factors and interventions.We aim to provide a scientific basis for the early identification of high-risk populations,the prevention of NSSI in adolescents and the development of corresponding intervention strategies
论著

GRB14 基因在肺腺癌中的表达及对预后的影响

Expression and clinical significance of GRB14 in lung adenocarcinoma

:1482-1490
 
       目的   初步探讨生长因子受体结合蛋白14(GRB14)在肺腺癌患者预后中的具体作用机制。方法   通过TIMER数据库、UALCAN数据库及GEPIA数据库,探讨GRB14 mRNA在肺腺癌及正常肺组织中的表达。运用免疫组织化学通过组织芯片(75例肺腺癌患者和75例癌旁组织)检测其蛋白表达水平,收集国外肿瘤研究团队上传至TCGA数据库229例肺腺癌患者的临床数据,分析评估GRB14在肺腺癌患者的表达及其临床特征及生存预后之间的关系。应用TIMER数据库对GRB14肺腺癌患者进行免疫浸润分析。String数据库探讨GRB14与其他蛋白之间是否存在相互作用。结果  TIMER数据库分析显示,相比正常组织,GRB14 mRNA在多种实体肿瘤和肺腺癌组织中高表达(P<0.05)。使用UALCAN数据库和GEPIA数据库以正常样本为对照组,肺腺癌患者的GRB14的表达均增加(P<0.01)。免疫组织化学检测组织芯片结果显示,GRB14蛋白在肺腺癌的表达高于正常肺组织(肺腺癌6.07±1.01 vs 癌旁组织4.80±1.22;P<0.01)。TCGA数据库分析显示,肺腺癌患者中GRB14高表达组和低表达组的中位总生存期分别为(41.59±5.20)月和(88.67±16.69)月;结合TCGA数据库绘制ROC曲线,发现GRB14的表达对肺腺癌患者具有一定的诊断价值。单因素回归分析结果显示,肿瘤分期(Ⅲ-Ⅳ)(P<0.01)、肿瘤原发灶的情况(T3-4)(P<0.01)、淋巴结转移(N1-3)(P<0.01)和GRB14表达(P<0.01)是影响肺腺癌中位总生存期的因素;Cox多因素回归分析显示,淋巴结转移(N1-3)(P<0.05)和GRB14表达P<0.01)是影响肺腺癌中位总生存时间的因素。TIMER数据库分析显示,GRB14 mRNA 表达与巨噬细胞(r=-0.164,P<0.01)、中性粒细胞(r=-0.175,P<0.01)和树突状细胞(r=-0.148,P<0.01)具有相关性。通过String数据库分析发现与GRB14相互作用的蛋白质包括EGFR、HRAS、FGFR1、INSR、CNGA1、COBLL1、LYPLAL1、TNKS2、TNKS、PRKCZ。结论  GRB14表达增加与肺腺癌患者预后不良相关。
       Objective  To assess the specific mechanism of growth factor receptor-bound protein 14(GRB14)in the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)patients.Methods  The expression of GRB14 mRNA in LUAD and normal lung tissue was explored using TIMER database,UALCAN database,and GEPIA database.The expression of GRB14 protein was examined by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray.Then,the associations of GRB14 expression with clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes of LUAD were validated by analyzing TCGA database at the mRNA level and statistically evaluating the results.TIMER database was used to analyze immune infiltration of GRB14 in LUAD.Protein-protein interaction of GRB14 were analyzed using the String database.Results  Using the TIMER database,we found that GRB14 mRNA was highly expressed in various solid tumors and LUAD tissues compared to normal tissues(P<0.05).Comparing with the normal group,the expression of GRB14 was increased in LUAD(P<0.01)via using UALCAN database and GEPIA database.The expression level of GRB14 protein in the LUAD tissues was significantly higher than that in the noncancerous LUAD tissues(LUAD[6.07±1.01] vs benign,[4.80±1.22];P<0.01)in tissue microarray .Median overall survival in the high and low GRB14 expression groups in LUAD was(41.59±5.2)and(88.67±16.69)months respectively.We plotted the ROC curves of 3-year survival rate and 5-year survival rate which again suggested that the model had good predictive performance.Univariate analysis revealed that individual cancer stages(Ⅲ-IV)(P<0.01),tumor(T3-4)(P<0.01),lymph node metastasis(N1-3)(P<0.05)and GRB14 expressionP<0.01)were risk factors affecting the median overall survival time of LUAD.According to Cox multiple regression analysis,we found that lymph node metastasis(N1-3)(P<0.05)and GRB14 expression(P<0.01)were  risk factors affecting the median overall survival time of LUAD.Using TIMER database analysis,the mRNA level of GRB14 was significantly correlated with macrophages(r=-0.164,P<0.01),neutrophils(r=-0.175,P<0.01)and dendritic cells(r=-0.148,P<0.01).Through analysis of the String database,it was found that proteins that interacted with GRB14 including EGFR,HRAS,FGFR1,INSR,CNGA1,COBLL1,LYPLAL1,TNKS2,TNKS,PRKCZ.Conclusions  The results of the present study suggest that GRB14 may efficiently predict poor survival in LUAD patients.

基于孟德尔随机化以及 Meta 分析方法评估 CX3CL1 表达水平与系统性红斑狼疮的因果关系

Causal relationship between CX3CL1 expression levels and systemic lupus erythematosus based on Mendelian randomization and Meta-analysis

:1491-1500
 
      目的   采用两样本孟德尔随机化以及Meta分析研究趋化因子C-X3-C基序配体1(CX3CL1)表达水平与系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)发病风险的因果关系。方法   获取CX3CL1表达水平与SLE的全基因组关联研究(GWAS)数据,将单核苷酸多态性(SNP)作为工具变量并选择敏感的SNPs进行分析。通过逆方差加权法(IVW)、加权中位数法(WM)、MR-Egger回归法进行两样本MR分析,以OR值评估CX3CL1表达水平与SLE之间的因果关系,并对结果进行异质性和多效性检验。最后利用R软件Meta包进行Meta分析。利用coloc包进行共定位分析。结果   纳入9个SLE作为结局变量,其中4个变量ebi-a-GCST90018917(OR=2.14,95%CI:1.50~3.06),ebi-a-GCST003156(OR=2.25,95%CI:1.00~5.06),ebi-a-GCST90014238(OR=3.02,95%CI:1.54~5.94),finn-b-SLE_NOS(OR=1.81,95%CI:1.01~3.22)表明CX3CL1表达水平与SLE之间存在因果关系。关于 OR 95% CI 的森林图显示 SLE 患者的CX3CL1表达水平显著高于健康人群(OR=1.87,95%CI:1.53~2.29,P<0.001)。共定位分析结果提示CX3CL1表达水平和SLE表型之间有共享的遗传变异位点(rs170364)。结论  CX3CL1表达水平与SLE存在正向因果关系,CX3CL1表达水平的升高使得SLE的发病风险升高。
       Objective  To investigate the causal  relationship  between CX3CL1 levels and the  risk of  systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)using two-sample Mendelian randomization and Meta-analysis methods.Methods  Genome-Wide Association Study(GWAS)data for CX3CL1 levels and SLE were obtained.Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were used as instrumental variables,and sensitive SNPs were selected for analysis.Two-sample Mendelian  randomization was performed using the inverse variance weighted(IVW)method,weighted median(WM)method,and MR-Egger  regression to evaluate the causal relationship between CX3CL1 levels and SLE,with OR values assessing this relationship.Heterogeneity and pleiotropy tests were conducted on the results.Meta-analysis was performed using the Meta package in R software,and colocalization analysis was conducted using the coloc package.Results  Nine SLE outcomes were included as outcome variables,with four variables(ebi-a-GCST90018917[OR=2.14,95%CI:1.50-3.06],ebi-a-GCST003156[OR=2.25,95%CI:1.00-5.06],ebi-a-GCST90014238[OR=3.02,95%CI:1.54-5.94],finn-b-SLE_NOS[OR=1.81,95%CI:1.01-3.22])indicating a causal relationship between CX3CL1 expression levels and SLE.The forest plot for OR 95%CI showed that CX3CL1 expression levels in SLE patients were significantly higher than in healthy individuals(OR=1.87[95%CI:1.53-2.29],P<0.001).Colocalization analysis suggested that there was shared genetic variation sites(rs170364)between CX3CL1 expression levels and SLE phenotype.Conclusions  There is a positive causal relationship between CX3CL1 expression levels and SLE,with increased CX3CL1 levels elevating the risk of developing SLE.

基于机器学习的脓毒症谵妄患者死亡预测模型的构建与评估

Machine learning prediction model for sepsis-associated delirium mortality

:1501-1510
 
       目的   通过机器学习方法构建脓毒症谵妄患者30 d死亡的预测模型,并识别关键预测因子。方法   采用基于医疗信息集成重症监护数据库(Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV)的回顾性队列研究方法,boruta筛选重要特征,并通过决策树,K近邻,LightGBM,随机森林,支持向量机,XGBoost构建模型进行分析,通过ROC曲线下面积进行评估,利用F1分数、召回率、精确率、特异度、灵敏度和阳性预测值比较模型表现。结果  XGBoost模型在训练集和验证集中的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.906和0.762,表明该模型具有良好的预测能力,入院年龄、红细胞分布宽度和白细胞计数是最重要的预测因子。结论   基于机器学习的脓毒症谵妄患者预后预测模型展现出良好的预测效能,为临床早期干预提供了重要参考依据。
       Objective  To construct a  30-day mortality  prediction model for  patients with  sepsis-associated  delirium using machine learning methods and identify key predictive factors.Methods  A  retrospective cohort study was conducted based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database.Important features were selected using the Boruta algorithm,and models including Decision Tree,K-Nearest Neighbors,LightGBM,Random Forest,Support Vector Machine,and XGBoost were constructed and analyzed.Model performance was evaluated using the area under the reciver operater characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC),along with F1 score,recall,precision,specificity,sensitivity,and positive predictive value.Results  The XGBoost model demonstrated strong predictive performance,with AUC values of 0.906 in the training set and 0.762 in the test set.Key predictors identified included admission age,red blood cell distribution width,and white blood cell count.Conclusions  The machine learning-based prediction model for sepsis-associated delirium prognosis exhibits robust predictive efficacy,providing a valuable tool for early clinical intervention.

非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者化疗后感染及平均住院日的影响因素分析

Factors influencing post-chemotherapy infections and length of hospital stay in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

:1511-1518
 
       目的   探讨营养评估及炎症因子水平对非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)患者化学治疗(化疗)后感染及平均住院日的影响。方法   回顾性分析接受R-CHOP治疗的NHL患者95例。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线确定患者主观整体营养评估(PG-SGA)预测患者化疗后感染的界值。将患者分为PG-SGA<4组与PG-SGA≥4组,比较两组间营养及炎症相关指标的差异。采用单因素与多因素回归分析NHL患者化疗后感染及平均住院日延长的危险因素。结果  ROC曲线显示PG-SGA为3.5时,约登指数最大,预测NHL患者化疗后感染灵敏度为92%,特异度为11.1%。PG-SGA≥4组患者平均年龄、国际预后指数(IPI)及Ann arbor Ⅲ~Ⅳ期比例均高于PG-SGA<4组(P<0.05)。与PG-SGA<4组相比,PG-SGA≥4组患者白介素6(IL-6)及中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)明显升高,且化疗后感染率及平均住院日≥5 d比例高于对照组P<0.05);与对照组相比,PG-SGA<4组患者前白蛋白、白蛋白和血红蛋白水平升高(P均<0.05)。多因素回归分析显示,PG-SGA≥4及合并糖尿病是NHL患者化疗后感染率的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。白蛋白低于35 g/L及合并化疗后感染是NHL患者平均住院日延长的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。结论   基于PG-SGA的营养评估及炎症因子分析对NHL患者化疗后感染及平均住院日的预测具有临床指导意义。
       Objective  To explore the effects of nutritional assessment and inflammatory factor levels on post-chemotherapy infections and length of hospital stay in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma(NHL).Methods  A total of 95 NHL patients treated with the R-CHOP regimen were retrospectively analyzed.The  cut-off  value  of  Patient-Generated  Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) for post-chemotherapy infection in NHL patients was evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)curves.Patients were categorized into PG-SGA<4 and PG-SGA≥4 groups and compared for differences of nutritional and inflammation-related factors.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors for post-chemotherapy infection and length of hospital stay(LHS).Results  The ROC curve showed that the Youden index was largest at PG-SGA of 3.5,which predicted post-chemotherapy infection in NHL patients with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 11.1%.The mean age,International Prognostic Index(IPI),and Ann Arbor stage Ⅲ~IV proportion in patients with PG-SGA≥4 were higher compared with the control(P<0.05).Patients with PG-SGA≥4 had significantly higher interleukin-6 and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),and the infection rate and the proportion of LHS≥5 days after chemotherapy were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Patients in the PG-SGA<4 group had significantly higher prealbumin,albumin,and hemoglobin levels compared to the PG-SGA≥4 group(P<0.05).Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that PG-SGA≥4 and combined diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors for post-chemotherapy infection rate in NHL patients(both P<0.05).Albumin less than 35 g/L and combined post-chemotherapy infection were independent risk factors for prolonged LHS in NHL patients(both P<0.05).Conclusions  PG-SGA nutritional assessment and inflammatory factor analysis are clinically instructive in predicting post-chemotherapy infections and LHS in NHL patients.

2 型糖尿病患者葡萄糖目标范围内时间与高尿酸血症的相关性研究

Study on the correlation between hyperuricemia and time in range of glucose in type 2 diabetes patients

:1519-1524
 
     目的   探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者葡萄糖目标范围内时间(TIR)与高尿酸血症(HUA)的相关性。方法   纳入2021年10月—2024年10月厦门大学附属第一医院收治的110例T2DM合并HUA的患者,将其分为T2DM并HUA组,另选取同期110例单纯T2DM患者,分为单纯T2DM组,比较两组一般资料及实验室相关指标,采用Logistics回归模型分析T2DM患者HUA发生的影响因素。随后将110例T2DM合并HUA的患者依照其病情严重程度分为轻度组(58例)、中度组(37例)及重度组(15例),比较三组临床相关指标及TIR水平,分析临床相关指标及TIR水平与T2DM患者HUA严重程度的相关性。结果  T2DM并HUA组与单纯T2DM组患者体质指数(BMI)、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、血肌酐(Scr)、TIR对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);将具有统计学差异的指标纳入Logistics回归模型,以是否合并HUA作为因变量(合并HUA=1,未合并HUA=0),结果显示,BMI、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、Scr、TIR为T2DM患者HUA发生的重要影响因素(P<0.05);HUA不同严重程度患者临床相关指标及TIR水平对比发现,轻度组、中度组与重度组糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、Scr水平对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),轻度组、中度组与重度组BMI、TIR对比差异显著(P<0.05),重度组BMI高于轻度组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),重度组TIR低于轻度组和中度组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Spearman相关分析显示:BMI与HUA严重程度呈正相关,TIR与HUA严重程度呈负相关P<0.05)。结论  TIR降低为T2DM患者HUA发生的重要影响因素之一,且TIR水平与HUA严重程度密切相关。
        Objective  To explore the correlation between time in range(TIR)of glucose and hyperuricemia(HUA)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods  From October 2021 to October 2024,110 patients with T2DM complicated with HUA admitted to our hospital were divided into T2DM with HUA group,and 110 patients with T2DM only in the same period were divided into T2DM group.The general data and laboratory related indicators of the two groups were compared,and the influencing factors of the occurrence of HUA in T2DM patients were analyzed by logistic regression model.Subsequently,110 patients with T2DM complicated with HUA were divided into mild group(58 cases),moderate group(37 cases),and severe group(15 cases)according to their severity.The clinical related indicators and TIR levels of the three groups were compared,and the correlation between clinical related indicators and TIR levels and the severity of HUA in T2DM patients was analyzed.Results  Body mass index(BMI),glycosylated hemoglobin,total cholesterol,triglyceride,and blood creatinine(Scr)between T2DM with HUA group and T2DM group were significantly different(P<0.05).The indicators with statistical differences were included in the logistics regression model to determine whether to merge HUA as the dependent variable(with HUA=1,without HUA=0).The results showed that,BMI,glycosylated hemoglobin,total cholesterol,triglycerides,Scr,and TIR were important influencing factors for the occurrence of HUA in T2DM patients(P<0.05).Comparison of clinical indicators and TIR levels in patients with different degrees of HUA revealed no significant differences in glycosylated hemoglobin,total cholesterol,triglycerides,and Scr levels among the mild,moderate,and severe groups(P>0.05),while there were significant differences in BMI and TIR levels among the mild,moderate,and severe groups(P<0.05).The difference between the severe group and the mild group was statistically significant(P<0.05),and the difference between the severe group and the moderate group was statistically significant(P<0.05).The Spearman correlation analysis  results showed that BMI was positively correlated with the severity of HUA,while TIR was negatively correlated with the severity of HUA(P<0.05).Conclusions  The decrease of TIR is one of the important influencing factors of HUA in T2DM patients,and the level of TIR is closely related to the severity of HUA.

小儿面颈部皮下良性肿物的影像学特征及微创治疗研究

Imaging characteristics and minimally invasive treatment of pediatric subcutaneous benign tumors in the face and neck

:1525-1530
 
       目的   研究小儿面颈部皮下良性肿物的影像学特点及经头皮区域或腋窝软组织腔镜微创治疗小儿头颈部皮下良性肿物的可行性、临床疗效及安全性。方法   回顾分析2024年1月—2024年8月在广州医科大学附属妇女儿童医疗中心治疗的24例小儿面颈部皮下肿物的病例,患儿年龄为1~5岁,平均年龄1.5岁,其中男15例、女9例;分别为甲状舌管囊肿10例,鳃裂瘘5例,前额皮下肿物5例,颈淋巴结增大3例,颈部皮下肿物1例。分析其影像学特点(超声及CT检查),制定了经头皮区域软组织腔镜微创治疗前额皮下肿物和颈淋巴结活组织检查(活检)或经腋窝软组织腔镜微创治疗甲状舌管囊肿和鳃裂瘘。结果  24例小儿面颈部皮下良性肿物的共同影像学特点是位于浅层,边界清晰,圆形或者椭圆形,对周围组织轻度压迫,无侵犯。所有病例均顺利完成微创手术,出血少,无手术并发症,术后恢复好。术后病理检查均提示良性肿物,面部及颈部均无手术瘢痕。结论   小儿面颈部皮下良性肿瘤的影像学特点是位于浅层,边界清晰。经头皮区域和腋窝软组织腔镜微创治疗小儿面颈部肿物效果确切、安全性高、美观。
       Objective  To  study the imaging characteristics of  subcutaneous  benign tumors in the face and  neck of children,as well as the feasibility,efficacy,and safety of minimally invasive treatment of subcutaneous benign tumors in the head and neck of children through hair area or axillary soft tissue endoscopy.Methods  A  retrospective analysis was conducted on 24 cases of subcutaneous tumors in the face and neck of children treated in our hospital from January to August 2024.Age  range was 1-5 years old,with an average of 1.5 years old.There were 15 boys and 9 girls.There were 10 cases of thyroglossal duct cyst,5 cases of branchial fistula,5 cases of subcutaneous mass on the forehead,3 cases of enlarged cervical lymph nodes,and 1 case of subcutaneous mass on the neck.Imaging characteristics(ultrasound and CT examination)and minimally invasive treatment effects were analyzed,to determine the procedure of minimally invasive treatment of subcutaneous tumors in the forehead and cervical lymph node biopsy by soft tissue endoscopy in the scalp area,and minimally invasive treatment of thyroglossal duct cysts and branchial fistulas through axillary by soft tissue endoscopy.Results  The imaging characteristics of subcutaneous benign tumors in children’s face and neck were located in the shallow layer,with clear boundaries,round or oval shapes,mild compression of surrounding tissues,and no invasion.All cases successfully underwent minimally invasive surgery with minimal bleeding,no  surgical complications,and good postoperative recovery.Postoperative pathological examination confirmed as benign masses.There were no surgical scars on the face and neck.Conclusions  The imaging characteristics of subcutaneous benign tumors in children’s face and neck are located in the shallow layer with clear boundaries.Minimally invasive endoscopic treatment of pediatric face and neck tumors through the scalp area and axillary soft tissue is effective,safe,and aesthetically pleasing.

中医药治疗儿童哮喘随机对照试验结局指标现状

Current status of outcome indicators of randomized controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of childhood asthma

:1531-1541
 
       目的   剖析中医药治疗儿童哮喘的随机对照试验(RCT)结局指标,为中医药治疗该病临床试验的核心指标集构建提供初步依据。方法   检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方(WanFang)、维普网(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)、PubMed、Cochrane Library、EmBase、Web of Science。时间跨度为建库至2024年7月1日。此次检索全面覆盖了中医药疗法治疗儿童哮喘的临床随机对照研究,由两名研究者根据纳排标准独立完成文献筛选和资料提取,提取文献基本特征和结局指标。结果   初步检索出2 449篇文献,最终纳入165个RCT,包括205个结局指标,分为症状/体征、中医症状/证候、理化检查、生活质量评价、远期预后、安全性指标六域。结论   中医药治疗儿童哮喘尚存在中医证候诊断和疗效标准不完善、主要和次要结局指标界限不清等问题,应当构建统一规范且广为认可的核心指标集,以促进儿童哮喘核心指标集的完善。
        Objective  To analyze the outcome indicators of randomised controlled trials(RCTs)of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for the treatment of childhood asthma,and to provide a preliminary basis for the construction of a core set of indicators for clinical trials of TCM for the treatment of this disease.Methods  A database search was conducted on China Knowledge Network(CNKI),WanFang,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed,Cochrane Library,EmBase,and Web of Science,covering the period from the establishment of the database to 1 July 2024.The search comprehensively covered clinical randomised controlled studies of TCM therapies in the treatment of childhood asthma,and was completed independently by two investigators who screened the literature and extracted information according to the criteria,and extracted the basic characteristics of the literature and outcome indicators.Results  Initially,2 449 literatures were retrieved,and 165 RCTs were finally included,including 205 outcome indicators,which were classified into six domains:symptoms/signs,TCM symptoms/evidence,physical and chemical examination,quality of life evaluation,long-term prognosis,and safety indicators.Conclusions  Currently,there are problems such as imperfect diagnostic and efficacy criteria for TCM evidence,and unclear boundaries between primary and secondary outcome indicators in the treatment of childhood asthma with TCM.A unified,standardised and widely recognised core indicator set should be constructed to promote the improvement of the core indicator set for childhood asthma.

肠腹壁造口对新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎免疫指标和感染指标的影响

Effect of enterostomy on immune indexes and infection indexes in necrotizing enterocolitis

:1542-1548
 
       目的   探究新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎接受肠腹壁造口术后,对感染指标和免疫指标的影响效果,以及术中、术后不良反应发生情况。方法   选取2016年1月—2024年1月因坏死性小肠结肠炎在潍坊市妇幼保健院接受肠腹壁造口术的56例患儿为A组,另收集同时期因坏死性小肠结肠炎行I期肠切除肠吻合的39例患儿为B组,观察并比较两组患儿术前、术后免疫指标和感染指标的变化情况。另收集同时期40名健康新生儿,对比A组患儿出院前的免疫、感染指标的与健康新生儿差异情况。出院后继续门诊随访,观察术后并发症及不良反应发生情况。结果  A组和B组患儿接受手术后,免疫指标(IgA、IgG、IgM)较术前呈上升趋势,而感染指标(IL-6、PCT、TNF-α)较术前下降。出院前1天A组IgG、IgM水平均高于B组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.312,P=0.023;t=3.214,P=0.002)。B组患儿术后第2天、术后第7天、出院前1天IL-6水平高于A组,差异有统计学意义(t=-4.252,P<0.001;t=-3.383,P=0.001;t=-2.505,P=0.014)。至出院前1天,A组患儿的免疫指标和感染指标与健康新生儿相比,差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。所有手术患儿住院期间至还纳手术前无严重并发症发生。结论   肠腹壁造口术对患有坏死性小肠结肠炎的患儿治疗效果较好,可在一定程度上减轻炎症反应,改善患儿免疫功能。远期效果较好,安全性良好。
       Objective  To investigate the effect of enterostomy on infection indexes and immune indexes in necrotizing enterocolitis,as well as the occurrence of enterostomy and postoperative adverse reactions.Methods  Fifty-six neonates who underwent enterostomy for necrotizing enterocolitis in Weifang Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2016 to January 2024 were selected as Group A,and 39 neonates who underwent phase  I intestinal  resection and anastomosis for necrotizing enterocolitis during the same period were selected as Group B.The changes of preoperative and postoperative immune indicators and infection indicators between the two groups of neonates were observed and compared.In addition,40 healthy neonates were selected during the same period,and the differences in immune and infection indexes between group A and healthy neonates were compared before discharge.Patients were followed up after discharge to observe postoperative complications and adverse reactions.Results  After surgery,the immune indexes(IgA,IgG,IgM)of the two groups(A and B) were higher than those before surgery,while the infection indexes(IL-6,PCT,TNF-α)were significantly lower than those before surgery.The levels of IgG and IgM in Group A were higher than those in Group B one day before discharge,and the differences were statistically significant(t=2.312,P=0.023;t=3.214,P=0.002).In Group B,the levels of IL-6 on postoperative day two,postoperative day seven,and one  day  before discharge were significantly higher than in Group A.The differences were statistically significant(t=-4.252,P<0.001;t=-3.383,P=0.001;t=-2.505,P=0.014).By one day before discharge,the immune indicators and infection indicators of the infants in Group A were not significantly different from those of healthy newborns.No serious complications occurred among all surgical patients during their hospital stay until the enterostomy closure.Conclusions  Enterostomy has a good therapeutic effect on neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis,which can reduce the inflammatory response and improve the immune function of children to a certain exten,with better long-term effects and good safety.

中深度镇静下行婴幼儿泪道探通术的临床疗效观察

Clinical observation of therapeutic effect of lacrimal duct probing in infants and young children under moderate and deep sedation

:1549-1554
 
       目的   探讨口服水合氯醛与鼻内给予右美托咪定中深度镇静下行泪道探通术治疗婴幼儿先天性泪道阻塞的疗效、并发症及安全性。方法   随机选择2021年2月—2023年6月在广州医科大学附属妇女儿童医疗中心就诊的先天性泪道阻塞患儿,将其分为观察组和对照组,观察组行中深度镇静后进行泪道探通术,对照组进行表麻下泪道探通术,对比两组的治愈率及并发症发生率。结果   观察组共76例(97眼),总治愈率98.97%,分为3组,6~12月龄组41例(53眼),12~18月龄组14例(15眼),18~36月龄组21例(29眼),对照组共84例(116眼),总治愈率93.10%,6~12月龄组55例(70眼),12~18月龄组15例(24眼),18~36月龄14例(22眼),观察组泪道探通术治愈率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ 2 =4.49,P<0.05)。观察组一次探通的成功率为92.78%,高于对照组61.21%,差异有统计学意义(χ 2 =26.86,P<0.05)。观察组二次探通的成功率为85.71%,高于对照组44.44%,差异有统计学意义(χ 2 =4.13,P<0.05)。发生的并发症主要是出血、皮下水肿、感染、假道形成,观察组并发症的发生率4.12%,低于对照组15.52%,差异有统计学意义χ 2 =7.40,P<0.05)。观察组中2例患儿口服水合氯醛出现恶心呕吐,改为右美托咪定滴鼻。3例患儿右美托咪定滴鼻后出现口唇苍白,持续10~15 min即可缓解。其余均未有不良反应。结论   中深度镇静下给予婴幼儿泪道阻塞患儿行泪道探通术相比传统表麻下泪道探通术疗效更好,并发症较少,对孩子的心理创伤小,安全且经济实惠。
       Objective  To explore the efficacy,complications and safety of moderate and deep  sedation  under oral administration of chloral hydrate and intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine for the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction(CNLDO) in infants and young children.Methods  Children with CNLDO who visited our hospital from February 2021 to June 2023 were randomly selected and divided into the observation group and the control group.The observation group was performed with lacrimal duct probing after moderate and deep sedation,while the control group was performed with lacrimal duct probing under surface anesthesia.The cure rate and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Adverse reactions after using sedatives were observed.Results  The observation group consisted of 76 cases(97 eyes),with a total cure rate of 98.97%.They were divided into three groups:41 cases(53 eyes)in the aged 6-12 months group,14 cases(15 eyes)in the aged 12-18 months group,and 21 cases(29 eyes)in the aged 18-36 months group.The control group consisted of 84 cases(116 eyes),with a total cure rate of 93.10%.There were 55 cases(70 eyes)in the aged 6-12 months group,15 cases(24 eyes)in the aged 12-18 months group,and 14 cases(22 eyes)in the aged 18-36 months group.The cure rate of lacrimal duct probing in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(χ 2 =4.49,P<0.05).The success  rate of the first probing in the observation group was 92.78%,significantly higher than that in the control group of 61.21%(χ 2 =26.86,P<0.05).The success rate of the second probing in the observation group was 85.71%,significantly higher than that in the control group of 44.44%(χ 2 =4.13,P<0.05).The incidence of complications mainly were bleeding,subcutaneous edema,infection,and false passage formation.The incidence of complications in the observation group was 4.12%,lower than that in the control group 15.52%,and the difference was statistically significant(χ 2 =7.40,P<0.05).Two cases in the observation group experienced nausea and vomiting after taking chloral hydrate orally,and were replaced with dexmedetomidine nasal drops.Three cases of pediatric patients showed pale lips after nasal administration of dexmedetomidine,which lasted for 10-15 minutes and could be relieved.No other adverse reactions were observed.Conclusions  Under moderate and deep sedation,lacrimal duct probing treatment for infants and young children with CNLDO showed better therapeutic effects,fewer complications,less psychological trauma to these patients,which is safe and cost-effective,and is suitable for promotion compared to under traditional surface anesthesia.

多参数 MRI 在鉴别 BI-RADS 4 类乳腺病变良恶性中的应用

Application of multiparametric MRI in differentiating benign and malignant BI-RADS category 4 breast lesions

:1555-1562
 
      目的   探讨多参数MRI在鉴别乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)4类乳腺病变良恶性中的应用。法   回顾性分析2022年1月—2024年12月于同济大学附属东方医院庐江分院行乳腺MRI检查为BI-RADS 4类且病理结果明确肿瘤的病例268例,其中良性组166例(包括乳腺纤维腺瘤93例,导管内乳头状瘤39例,乳腺囊性增生24例,乳腺分叶状肿瘤2例,浆细胞性乳腺炎8例),恶性组102例(包括浸润性导管癌89例,浸润性小叶癌6例,黏液癌2例,炎性乳腺癌5例)。对比分析单一序列和多序列联合诊断BI-RADS 4类乳腺病变良、恶性的效能;绘制基于多参数MRI受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,并计算曲线下面积(AUC)、特异度和灵敏度,量化多序列对于BI-RADS 4类乳腺病变良恶性的诊断效能。结果   基于多参数MRI联合诊断效能最高(AUC:0.912,95%CI:0.871~0.953),特异度为0.922,灵敏度为0.902;基于ADC值评估BI-RADS 4类乳腺病变最佳截断值为0.84×10-3 mm2 /s,且均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论   基于多参数MRI能够有效诊断BI-RADS 4类乳腺病变的良、恶性,为乳腺外科疾病进一步诊疗提供影像学诊断依据。
       Objective  To explore the application of multiparametric MRI in differentiating benign and malignant lesions classified as BI-RADS category 4 in breast imaging.Methods  A total of 268 cases of breast MRI classified as BI-RADS category 4 with confirmed tumor pathology were retrospectively analyzed from January 2022 to December 2024 at the Tongji University Oriental Hospital Lujiang Branch. Among them,166 cases were categorized as benign lesions(including 93 cases of breast fibroadenoma,39 cases of intraductal papilloma,24 cases of cystic hyperplasia,2 cases of lobular tumor,and 8 cases of plasma cell mastitis),while 102 cases were categorized as malignant lesions(including 89 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma,6 cases of invasive lobular carcinoma,2 cases of mucinous carcinoma,and 5 cases of inflammatory breast cancer).The efficacy of single-sequence versus combined multiple-sequence imaging in diagnosing benign and malignant BI-RADS category 4 breast lesions was compared and analyzed.The diagnostic efficacy of the multiparametric MRI sequences was quantified by plotting a receiver operating characteristic curve and calculating the area under the curve(AUC),as well as the specificity and sensitivity.Results  The combined diagnostic efficacy of multiparametric MRI yielded the highest performance,with an AUC of 0.912(95%CI:0.871-0.953),demonstrating a specificity of 0.922 and a sensitivity of 0.902.The optimal cutoff value for differentiating BI-RADS category 4 breast lesions based on apparent diffusion coefficient values was determined to be 0.84×10-3  mm2 /s,with all results being statistically significantP<0.05).Conclusions  Multiparametric MRI can effectively diagnose benign and malignant lesions classified as BI-RADS category 4,providing a reliable imaging basis for further diagnosis and treatment in breast surgery.

急性缺血性脑卒中介入治疗优化护理路径的构建及应用

Development and application of an optimized nursing pathway for endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke

:1563-1568
 
       目的   探讨优化护理路径在急性缺血性脑卒中介入手术中的应用及效果。方法   采用随机对照研究,纳入2024年1月—2025年1月收治的112例急性缺血性脑卒中取栓患者,观察组(56例)实施优化介入护理路径,对照组(56例)采用常规护理。结果   观察组患者的满意度评分、医护满意度评分均优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的术前等待时间、患者自进入介入室至股动脉穿刺时间、手术时间、住院费用、并发症发生率、差错事故发生率也优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论   通过标准化术前准备、术中多学科协作及术后康复衔接,优化护理路径可显著提升急性缺血性脑卒中治疗时效性(缩短急性脑卒中患者从进入医院到开始静脉溶栓给药的时间至黄金时间窗内),改善患者神经功能预后。
       Objective  To explore the application and efficacy of an optimized nursing pathway in endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke(AIS).Methods  A randomized controlled trial was conducted,enrolling 112 AIS patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy from January 2024 to January 2025.Patients were randomly assigned to either the observation groupn=56),which received the optimized interventional nursing pathway,or the control group(n=56),which  received  routine nursing care.Results  Patient satisfaction score,medical staff satisfaction score,and postoperative favorable  recovery  rate in observation group were better than those of control group(P<0.05).Additionally,the observation group  showed  significant improvements in preoperative waiting time,time from entering the operation room to femoral artery puncture,surgical duration,hospitalization costs,complication incidence rate,and medical error incidence rate(P<0.05).Conclusions  By standardizing preoperative preparations,implementing intraoperative multidisciplinary collaboration,and enhancing postoperative  rehabilitation coordination,the optimized nursing pathway significantly improved the timeliness of thrombectomy treatment(shortening door-to-needle time to reach the golden time window)and enhanced neurological functional prognosis in AIS patients,demonstrating substantial clinical applicability.

2022—2024 年江西省南昌市东湖区孕妇碘营养状况与食用碘盐监测分析

Survey on the iodine nutrition status and iodined salt monitoring of pregnant women in Donghu District, Nanchang City,Jiangxi Province from 2022 to 2024

:1569-1573
 
       目的   调查江西省南昌市东湖区孕妇2022—2024年碘营养状况与盐碘监测情况,为区域干预提供依据。方法   将江西省南昌市东湖区划分为东、南、西、北、中5个片区,每个片区随机抽取一个街道(管理处),于每年5月份随机抽取各街道(管理处)20名孕妇,每年共抽取100名孕妇,3年共计300名孕妇,采集其尿液样本和家中食用盐样本检测碘含量,以统计学方法进行分析。结果  3年来孕妇家庭食用盐碘含量中位数为23.02 mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率为98.67%,碘盐合格率为95.33%,3年的食用盐碘含量比较差异有统计学意义(H=38.545,P<0.05)。孕妇的尿碘水平中位数为115.15 μg/mL,3年来孕妇的尿碘水平中位数均低于150 μg/mL,有62.67%的孕妇碘缺乏,3年间的尿碘水平比较差异有统计学意义(H=9.392,P<0.05),其中2024年的尿碘水平中位数为140.00 μg/mL,校正后高于2022年(Z=2.693,P<0.0167)和2023年(Z=2.590,P<0.0167)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示孕妇尿碘水平与盐碘含量及碘盐质量均无相关性(均P0.05),孕妇碘营养状况与盐碘含量及碘盐质量均无相关性(均P>0.05),孕妇尿碘水平与碘营养状况正相关(rs=0.857,P<0.05),盐碘含量与碘盐质量正相关(rs=0.314,P<0.05)。结论   江西省南昌市东湖区2024年孕妇碘缺乏有所改善,但整体形势严峻,超半数的孕妇碘缺乏,食用碘盐基本符合国家消除碘缺乏病标准,但仍需改进。卫生部门要强化孕妇碘营养监测,向孕妇科普碘缺乏病知识,增强补碘意识,促其科学补碘。盐业监管部门需加大监管,严控碘盐质量,确保东湖区居民食盐合格。
       Objective  To investigate the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women and iodined salt monitoring in Donghu District,Nanchang City,Jiangxi Province from 2022 to 2024,and provide a basis for regional intervention.Methods  Donghu District was divided into five areas:East,South,West,North,and Central.A street(management office)was randomly selected from each area,and 20 pregnant women were randomly selected from each street(management office)in May each year.A total of 100 pregnant women were selected each year,for a total of 300 pregnant women over three years.Urine samples and household salt samples were collected to detect iodine content,and statistical analysis was conducted.Results  Over the past three years,the median iodine content in the cooking salt consumed by pregnant women’s families was 23.02 mg/kg,the iodized salt coverage rate was 98.67%,and the iodized salt qualification rate was 95.33%.There were differences in the iodine content of cooking salt in the three years(H=38.545,P<0.05).The median urinary iodine level of pregnant women was 115.15 μg/mL.In the past three years,the median urinary iodine levels of pregnant women were all lower than 150 μg/ml,and 62.67% of pregnant women were iodine-deficient.There were differences in the urinary iodine levels in the three years(H=9.392,P<0.05).Among them,the median urinary iodine level in 2024 was 140.00 μg/mL,which was significantly higher than that in 2022(Z=2.693,P<0.0167)and 2023Z=2.590,P<0.0167)after correcting the significance level.Spearman correlation analysis  results showed that there was no correlation between the urinary iodine level of pregnant women with the iodine content and quality of iodized salt(all P>0.05),and there was no correlation between the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women with the iodine content and quality of iodized salt(all P>0.05).The urinary iodine level in pregnant women is positively correlated with their iodine nutritional status(rs=0.857,P<0.05),and the iodine content in salt is positively correlated with the quality of iodized salt(rs=0.314,P<0.05).Conclusions  In 2024,the iodine deficiency among pregnant women in Donghu District,Nanchang City,Jiangxi Province was improved,but the overall situation is still severe.More than half of pregnant women were iodine-deficient.The consumption of iodized salt basically met the national standards for eliminating iodine deficiency disorders,but still needed to be improved.The health department should strengthen the monitoring of iodine nutrition among pregnant women,popularize knowledge about iodine deficiency disorders to pregnant women,enhance their awareness of iodine supplementation,and promote their scientific iodine supplementation.The salt industry supervision department needs to strengthen supervision,strictly control the quality of iodized salt,and ensure that the cooking salt of residents in Donghu District is qualified.

广州番禺地区鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎的临床特征及疗效分析

Clinical characteristics and treatment efficacy of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia in Panyu district of Guangzhou

:1574-1580
 
        目的   分析广州番禺地区鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎患者临床表现、实验室及胸部CT特征、并发症以及治疗方案,为其临床诊治提供参考。方法   回顾性分析2022年1月—2024年7月在广州市番禺区何贤纪念医院通过二代测序技术确诊的10例鹦鹉热感染患者的临床资料。结果  5例(5/10)患者有明确的鸟类或禽类接触史,8例(8/10)患者以发热为首发症状,发热(10/10)、咳嗽、咳痰(10/10)、呼吸困难(7/10)、相对缓脉(8/10)是主要临床表现。患者白细胞计数通常正常或轻微升高;多数患者存在有不同程度的电解质紊乱(10/10)及肝功能损伤(8/10)、乳酸脱氢酶升高(8/10),白蛋白显著降低(8/10)和C反应蛋白显著升高(10/10)。最常见的胸部CT异常为多肺叶受累的斑片状或片状实变,而重症患者多合并双侧胸腔积液。大多数患者经四环素或喹诺酮类单用,或者四环素联用β-内酰胺类抗菌药物治疗,预后良好。结论   有鸟类或禽类接触史、以发热为首发或主要症状、存在相对缓脉、白细胞计数升高不明显等临床特征可有助于区分鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎与其他传统细菌性肺炎,但这并不能确诊。二代测序技术是确诊鹦鹉热衣原体感染的很好方法,可以缩短诊断延误时间并改善患者预后。
       Objective  To describe the clinical,laboratory and chest CT characteristics as well as the complications and treatments of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia patients in Panyu district of Guangzhou,to provide  reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods  A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical characteristics of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia patients who were diagnosed by next-generation sequencing in Panyu Hexian Memorial Hospital of Guangzhou form January 2022 to July 2024.Results  Half patients had a definite history of bird or poultry exposure.Fever(100%),cough,sputum(100%),dyspnea(70%),relative bradycardia(80%)were the main clinical presentation.The total white cell counts were usually normal or slightly increased.Most patients had electrolyte disturbance(100%),liver function impairment(80%),lactic dehydrogenase increased(80%),albumin decreased(80%)and C reactive protein increased remarkably(100%).The most common chest CT abnormality was patchy or flaky hyper densities and consolidation,bilateral pleural effusion was common in severe patients.All patient exhibited good recovery after being treated with tetracycline or quinolone alone,or tetracycline in combination with other antibiotics.Conclusions  These characteristics may help distinguish Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia from other traditional bacterial pneumonia,but they are not definitive.Next-generation sequencing may be a promising approach to confirm Chlamydia psittaciinfection,which can shorten the diagnostic delay time and improve the prognosis of patients.

微波理疗联合康复训练对断指再植患者手指功能和日常生活能力的影响

Effect of microwave physiotherapy combined with rehabilitation training on finger function and daily living ability of patients with severed finger replantation

:1581-
 
       目的   探讨断指再植患者采用微波理疗联合康复训练的影响。方法   回顾性选取2022年1月—2023年12月于福州市第二总医院进行断指再植的患者,采用康复训练的50例患者纳入对照组,采用微波理疗联合康复训练的51例患者纳入观察组,对比两组干预1个月后的毛细血管反应情况、感知恢复情况、疼痛评分、手指功能及日常生活能力情况。结果   干预1个月后, 观察组患指的温度[(28.43±5.86)℃ vs (26.15±5.39)℃,t=2.025,P<0.001]、毛细血管反应[(9.76±2.63)cm/s vs(7.36±2.23)cm/s,t=4.922,P=0.046,]高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的英国医学研究委员会感觉评分[(15.79±3.75)分 vs(11.88±3.13)分,t=5.660,P<0.001]高于对照组;观察组第2周[(3.72±0.88)vs(4.39±0.92)分,t=3.721,P<0.001]、4周后[(2.67±0.32)分 vs(3.03±0.52)分,t=4.169,P=0.001]的视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的密歇根手功能量表(MHQ)评分[(61.05±10.68)分 vs(52.58±10.21)分,t=4.054,P<0.001]高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的生活质量综合评定表(GQLI-74)评分[(320.16±55.25)分 vs(270.85±50.06)分,t=4.677,P<0.001]高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的Barthel指数[(75.71±12.84)分 vs(68.58±12.23)分,t=2.843,P=0.005]高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论   微波理疗联合康复训练能够提高断指再植患者的手指功能,减轻患者疼痛,改善日常生活质量。
       Objective  To explore the effect of microwave physiotherapy combined with  rehabilitation training on finger function and daily living ability of patients with severed finger replantation.Methods  Patients who underwent replantation of severed fingers in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected retrospectively.Fifty patients who received rehabilitation training were included in the control group,51 patients who were intervened by microwave physiotherapy combined with rehabilitation training were included in the observation group.The blood circulation,sensory recovery,pain score,finger function and daily living ability of the two groups were compared.Results  The temperature([28.43±5.86]℃ vs [26.15±5.39]℃,t=2.025,P<0.001) and capillary reaction([9.76±2.63]cm/s vs [7.36±2.23]cm/s,t=4.922,P=0.046) of the affected fingers in the observation group were higher(P<0.05).The sensory score([15.79±3.75] vs [11.88±3.13],t=5.660,P<0.001)of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The visual analogue scale(VAS)scores of the observation group at the second week([3.72±0.88] vs [4.39±0.92],t=3.721,P<0.001) and four weeks later([2.67±0.32]vs [3.03±0.52],t=4.169,P=0.001)were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).The  score of Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnair(MHQ)([61.05±10.68] vs [52.58±10.21],t=4.054,P<0.001) in the observation group was higher(P<0.05).The GQLI-74 score([320.16±55.25] vs [270.85±50.06]) and Barthel index([75.71±12.84] vs[68.58±12.23],t=2.843,P=0.005)in the observation group were higher(P<0.05).Conclusions  Microwave physiotherapy combined with rehabilitation training can improve the finger function,relieve the pain and improve the quality of daily life of patients with severed fingers.

肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者心理僵化现状及其影响因素分析

Analysis of psychological rigidity and its influencing factors in patients with lung cancer and cancer pain

:1586-1592
 
      目的   探讨肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者心理僵化现状及其影响因素,为临床制定改善患者心理僵化的针对性干预措施以及提升患者生活质量提供参考依据。方法   采用便利抽样法,选取2023年10月—12月期间焦作市某三级甲等医院收治的肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查问卷、疼痛心理僵化量表(PIPS)、简易疾病感知问卷(BIPQ)、家庭功能问卷(APGAR)进行调查,采用Pearson相关性分析肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者心理僵化与疾病感知、家庭功能的关系。采用多元线性回归分析肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者心理僵化的影响因素。结果   本次研究共发放问卷152份,回收有效问卷150份,有效回收率为98.68%。150例肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者心理僵化量表总分为(61.66±2.85)分,回避型经验维度得分为(45.52±1.97)分,认知融合维度得分为(19.74±1.59)分。不同文化程度、家庭人均月收入、疼痛程度的肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者心理僵化得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示:肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者心理僵化总分、经验性回避维度得分、认知融合维度得分与疾病感知得分均呈正相关关系(P<0.001),与家庭功能得分均呈负相关关系(P<0.001)。多元线性回归结果显示:文化程度、家庭人均月收入、疾病感知、家庭功能是肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者心理僵化的影响因素(P<0.05),可解释肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者心理僵化43.9%的变异度。结论   肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者心理僵化处于较高水平,且受到文化程度、家庭人均月收入、疾病感知和家庭功能的影响,临床医护人员可从疾病感知、家庭支持等角度出发,采用认知干预、同伴支持等方法,加强对患者的健康教育,以缓解其对疾病的负性认知,从而缓解心理僵化,促进身心健康恢复。
       Objective  To explore the status and influencing factors of psychological  rigidity in patients with lung cancer and cancer pain,and to provide reference for clinical development of targeted interventions to improve patients’psychological rigidity andquality of life.Methods  The convenience sampling method was used to select patients with lung cancer and cancer pain who were admitted to a tertiary hospital in Jiaozuo City from October to December 2023 as the research object.The general data questionnaire,Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale(PIPS),Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire(BIPQ),and family function questionnaire(APGAR)were used to investigate.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between psychological rigidity and disease perception and family function in patients with lung cancer and cancer pain.Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of psychological rigidity in patients with lung cancer and cancer pain.Results  A total of 152 questionnaires were distributed in this study,and 150 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective recovery rate of 98.68 %.The total score of PIPS of 150 patients with lung cancer and cancer pain was(61.66±2.85),the score of avoidance experience dimension was(45.52±1.97),and the score of cognitive fusion dimension was(19.74±1.59).There were statistically significant differences in the scores of psychological rigidity among lung cancer patients with cancer pain with different educational levels,family per capita monthly income,and pain degree(P<0.05).The  results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the total score of PIPS,the score of empirical avoidance dimension and the score of cognitive fusion dimension were positively correlated with the score of disease perception(P<0.001),and negatively correlated with the score of family functionP<0.001).The results of multiple linear regression showed that education level,family per capita monthly income,disease perception and family function were the influencing factors of psychological rigidity in patients with lung cancer and cancer painP<0.05 ),which could explain 43.9 % of the variation of psychological rigidity in patients with lung cancer and cancer pain.Conclusions  The psychological rigidity of lung cancer patients with cancer pain is at a high level,and is affected by education level,family per capita monthly income,disease perception and family function.Clinical medical staff can use cognitive intervention and peer support from the perspective of disease perception and family support to strengthen the health education of patients,so as to alleviate their negative cognition of the disease,to alleviate the psychological rigidity and promote the recovery of physical and mental health.

超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞联合无阿片药全麻在腹腔镜子宫全切术中的应用

Application of ultrasound-guided transverse abdominis plane block combined with opioid-free general anesthesia in laparoscopic total hysterectomy

:1593-1598
 
       目的   探讨超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞(TAP)联合无阿片药全身麻醉(全麻)在腹腔镜子宫全切术中的应用效果。方法   选取武威市凉州医院2021年5月—2023年5月收治的60例择期行腹腔镜子宫全切术患者展开前瞻性研究,应用抽签法将其分为观察组与对照组,各30例。对照组患者实施常规阿片类药物全麻,观察组采用TAP联合无阿片药全身麻醉。对比两组患者入室后(T0)、切皮时(T1)、手术10 min后(T2)和手术结束即刻(T3)生命体征变化,麻醉后监测治疗室(PACU)恢复情况,术后1、4、8、12、24、48 h疼痛程度,最后对比其48 h内不良反应发生率。结果   两组T0、T1、T2、T3时间血氧饱和度(SpO2),T0、T3时间平均动脉压(MAP)、心率水平无明显变化,两组对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),T1、T2时间对照组MAP、心率升高,观察组T1、T2的MAP、心率均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组PACU停留时间、首次肛门排气时间明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后1、4、8、12、24、48 h活动时视觉模量表(VAS)评分与静息时VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后48 h内不良反应发生率比对照组更低(P<0.05)。结论   针对腹腔镜子宫全切术患者采取超声引下TAP联合无阿片药全麻可稳定患者术中生命体征,缩短患者术后恢复时间,减轻疼痛程度,且可降低术后48 h内不良反应发生率。
       Objective  To explore the application effect of ultrasound-guided transverse abdominis plane(TAP)block combined with opioid-free general anesthesia in laparoscopic total hysterectomy.Methods  A prospective study was conducted in 60 patients who underwent selective laparoscopic total hysterectomy in Wuwei Liangzhou Hospital from May 2021 to May 2023.They were divided into a observation group and a control group using a lottery method,30 cases in each group.The control group received routine opioid general anaesthesia,while the observation group received TAP in combination with opioid-free general anaesthesia.Comparing the changes of vital signs after invasion(T0),skin cutting(T1),10 min after operating(T2),the end of surgery(T3),and condition in the post-anesthesia care unit(PACU)after anesthesia,the pain degree at 1 h,4 h,8 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h after surgery,and the incidence of adverse reactions within 48 h.Results  There were no significant changes in blood SpO2,mean arterial pressure(MAP)and heart rate at T0,T1,T2 and T3 in both groups,and no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).MAP and heart rate increased in the control group at T1 and T2,while those in the observation group were lower than the control group(P<0.05).The observation group had significantly shorter PACU time and first anal exhaust time than the control group(P<0.05).VAS scores at 1 h,4 h,8 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h after surgery and VAS score at rest in the observation group were lower than in the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions within 48 h after surgery was lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions  Ultrasound guided TAP combined with opioid-free general anesthesia can stabilize intraoperative vital signs,shorten postoperative recovery time,alleviate postoperative pain,and reduce the incidence of anesthesia related adverse reactions within 48 hours for patients undergoing laparoscopic total hysterectomy.
医院管理

基于压疮治疗方式的不同对 DRG 入组的特征与应用的研究

A study on the characteristics and application of DRG admission based on different treatment methods for pressure ulcers

:1599-1604
 
       目的   通过对压疮不同治疗方式的分析,探讨疾病诊断相关分组(DRG)组合的特征,提高核心疾病诊断相关组(ADRG)的入组率和提升相对权重值,从而提升医疗服务效率和水平。方法   使用医院DRGs分析评价系统以及EXCEL软件筛选出2023—2024年广州市第一人民医院主要诊断压疮疾病病例,分析ADRG组合的特征。结果   根据压疮疾病不同治疗方式,主要诊断为压疮(L89)的176病例进入相对的外科治疗组和内科治疗组,ADRG组分别为JD1组合、JJ1组合、JV1组合。JJ1组合治疗方案以创面封闭式负压引流为主;JD1组合的外科治疗方式均是以皮肤和皮下坏死组织的切除清创术+创面封闭式负压引流术(VSD)的手术治疗方案。JD13组、JD15组比JJ13组、JJ15组,相对权重分别高2.35和1.48。26例患者的住院时间均超过60 d,导致进入了QY组合。结论   利用好DRGs工具能有效地提高压疮的入组率,结合精细化的首页质量管理,提升DRGs的组合权重值及医疗服务效率和水平。
       Objective  To analyze  different treatment methods for  pressure  ulcers and explore the characteristics of Diagnosis-Related Groups(DRGs)to improve the admission rate of Adjacent DRGs(ADRGs)and enhance the  relative weight value,thereby improving the efficiency and level of medical services.Methods  Using the DRGs management system and EXCEL software,cases of pressure ulcer disease from Class A tertiary hospital in Guangzhou from 2023 to 2024 were selected,with pressure ulcers as the primary diagnosis,and analyzed the characteristics of ADRG combinations.Results  Based on different treatment methods for pressure ulcers,176 cases primarily diagnosed with pressure ulcers(L89)were categorized into  relative surgical and medical treatment groups,with ADRG groups being JD1,JJ1,and JV1 combinations.The JJ1 group’s treatment plan primarily focused on closed wound negative pressure drainage,the surgical treatment method for JD1 group involved skin and subcutaneous necrotic tissue excision and debridement surgery combined with closed wound negative pressure drainage(VSD).The  relative weights of JD13 and JD15 groups were 2.35 and 1.48,higher than those of JJ13 and JJ15 groups.Twenty-six cases had an average hospital stay exceeding 60 days,leading to their categorization into the QY group.Conclusions  Utilizing the DRG tool effectively improves the admission rate for pressure ulcer diseases.By combining it with refined quality management on the first page of medical records,the combination weight value of DRGs and the efficiency and level of medical services can be enhanced.
医学教育

肌骨超声在慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛康复精准化教学中的应用研究

Application of musculoskeletal ultrasound in precise teaching for rehabilitation of chronic musculoskeletal pain

:1605-1610
 
       目的   探讨肌骨超声(MSUS)在慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛(CMP)康复精准化教学中的应用效果。方法   选取在广州市第一人民医院南沙医院康复医学科实习的43名大专及本科学生,对照组进行常规CMP康复精准化教学,MSUS组在常规教学基础上增加MSUS辅助教学。实习结束后,通过专业理论考试和实践考核观察教学效果,并以问卷调查学生对教学形式和效果的满意度。结果  MSUS组的理论考核成绩为(84.62±5.14)分,对照组为(81.45±6.21)分,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。MSUS组的实践考核成绩(4.71±1.06)分高于对照组(3.64±1.14)分(P<0.05)。问卷调查显示,MSUS组学生的总体满意度(35.24±3.43)高于对照组(32.64±3.98),P<0.05。其中,对于教学方法的满意度,MSUS组(9.81±0.60)高于对照组(8.82±1.18)(P<0.05);对于综合分析与实践能力的满意度,MSUS组(7.43±1.91)高于对照组(6.18±1.62)(P<0.05)。结论  MSUS教学在夯实学生专业基础知识、深化临床实践、提高综合分析能力和学习积极性方面具有显著优势,为精准化康复教学提供了有效手段。
       Objective  To explore the application effect of musculoskeletal ultrasound(MSUS)in the precise teaching of chronic musculoskeletal pain(CMP)rehabilitation.Methods  Forty-three college and undergraduate  students interning in Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Nansha Hospital,Guangzhou First People’s Hospital were selected,control group conducted conventional CMP rehabilitation teaching,and the MSUS group  received additional MSUS-assisted teaching on the basis of the conventional teaching.After the internship,the teaching effectiveness was observed through professional theoretical examinations and practical assessments,and a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate students’satisfaction with the teaching methods and outcomes.Results  The theoretical assessment score of the MSUS group were(84.62±5.14)and(81.45±6.21)of the control group,there was no difference between the two groups(P>0.05).The practical assessment scores of the MSUS group(4.71±1.06)were higher than those of the control group(3.64±1.14),and a significant difference was found between the two groups(P<0.05).The questionnaire survey showed that the overall satisfaction of the MSUS group students(35.24±3.43)was higher than that of the control group(32.64±3.97)(P<0.05).Among them,satisfaction with the teaching method was higher in the MSUS group(9.81±0.60)than in the control group(8.82±1.18)(P<0.05),satisfaction with comprehensive analysis and practical ability was also higher in the MSUS group(7.43±1.91)than in the control group(6.18±1.62)(P<0.05).Conclusions  MSUS teaching has significant advantages in consolidating students’basic professional knowledge,deepening clinical practice,improving comprehensive analysis ability and learning enthusiasm.It provides an effective means for precise rehabilitation teaching.
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