专家述评

焦虑症与抑制性神经元功能:小清蛋白神经元的作用

The role of parvalbumin positive inhibitory neurons in anxiety disorders

:723-734
 
       焦虑症是最常见的精神障碍,区别于生理性焦虑,患者常表现出持续的焦虑状态。越来越多证据表明,抑制性神经元参与生理性焦虑的产生和消退,而这类神经元功能异常与焦虑症的发生密切相关。小清蛋白(PV)神经元是一类主要的抑制性中间神经元,广泛分布于大脑皮质和其他脑区,并且具有独特形态和功能。PV神经元可通过快速放电活动精确控制局部微环路和大脑网络活动,进而调控焦虑发生。文章综述PV神经元如何介导生理性焦虑及其功能异常及如何导致焦虑症的产生,重点介绍了PV神经元的解剖和功能特性,这些特性使它们拥有快速和强力的抑制作用,能够快速调控神经网络活动,和PV神经元以及相关的神经环路调控焦虑发生的环路机制,以及PV神经元调控焦虑发生的分子机制,并展望未来的研究方向,以期为开发新的焦虑症干预策略提供科学依据。
       Anxiety disorders,distinct from physiological anxiety,are characterized by a chronic and pervasive state of heightened anxiety and represent the most common mental diseases.Emerging evidence implicates inhibitory neurons in both the generation and extinction of physiological anxiety,with dysfunction in these neurons strongly associated with the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders.Among inhibitory neurons,parvalbumin(PV)-positive interneuron,a key subset with unique morphological and functional characteristics,are widely distributed across the cerebral cortex and various brain regions.These neurons exert rapid,potent inhibitory control over local microcircuits and broader neural networks through their fast-spiking activity,making them integral to the regulation of anxiety-related behaviors.This review highlights three key aspects:the anatomical and functional properties of PV neurons;their role in circuit mechanisms;the molecular pathways by which PV neurons regulate anxiety.By elucidating the role of PV neurons in modulating physiological anxiety and highlighting their dysfunction in anxiety disorders,this review aims to inform future research and foster the development of novel therapeutic interventions for anxiety disorders.
医学教育

结核专科教学医院医学生特征及管理对策的分析

Analysis on the characteristics and management strategies of medical students in teaching hospitals specialized in tuberculosis

:717-722
 
       目的   分析结核专科医院医学生特征及管理配合度影响因素,为进一步提升医学生管理配合提供参考。方法   选择在院511名医学生进行基本情况采集及问卷调查,以问卷打卡次数及打卡时间评估医学生的管理配合度,并进一步分析其影响因素。结果   进修生、研究生及实习生的性别构成比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而年龄、专业及学历比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。医学生的学历与管理配合度无关,而不同年龄、性别、类别、专业医学生的管理配合度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论   针对结核病专科医院医学生的类别、专业、年龄等不同特征,调整专科医院教学管理方法并实行相应的管理措施,对加强专科教学医院的医学生管理工作具有一定的价值。
       Objective  To analyze the characteristics and the influencing factors of management cooperation of medical students in tuberculosis specialized hospital,providing  reference for further improving the cooperation of medical  students in management.Methods  Five hundred and eleven medical students were selected in the specialized hospital for basic information collection and questionnaire survey,the management cooperation of medical students were evaluated from the frequency and time of questionnaire check-in,and the influencing factors were further analyzed.Results  According to the classification as continuing education students,graduate students and interns,there was no statistical difference in gender,but there were  differences in age,major,and education degree(P<0.05).Age,gender,type,and major of the students were all  related to management cooperation(P<0.05),while the education degree was not related to it. Conclusions  According to the different characteristics of medical students in tuberculosis specialized hospitals,such as their categories,majors and ages,adjusting the teaching management methods in specialized hospitals and implementing management measures have certain reference value for strengthening the management of medical students in specialized teaching hospitals.
护理研究

德尔菲法构建痴呆照护人员能力指标体系

System of indicators of capability for dementia caregivers under Delphi method

:706-716
 
       目的   构建痴呆照护人员能力指标体系。方法   通过文献回顾和实况调查初步拟定养老机构痴呆照护人员能力指标体系,采用德尔菲法逐步筛选确定最终所纳入指标。结果   两轮专家函询问卷回收率均为100%,专家权威系数第一轮为0.93、第二轮为0.92,专家协调度好。最终形成包括初级照护人员一级指标8项,二级指标21项;中级照护人员一级指标12项,二级指标46项;高级照护人员一级指标13项,二级指标56项的痴呆照护人员能力指标体系。结论   本研究构建的痴呆照护人员能力指标体系具有较好的科学性、可靠性、实用性和指导性,为痴呆照护人员能力培训及技能考核提供依据。
       Objective  To construct the system of indicators of capability for dementia caregivers.Methods  Through literature review and survey,the system of indicators of capability of dementia caregivers in nursing homes was initially formulated,and the Delphi method was used to gradually screen and determine the final included indicators.Results  The recovery rate of the two rounds of expert letter inquiries was 100%.The expert authority coefficient was 0.93 in the first round and 0.92 in the second round.The coordination of experts was good.The final indicators of capability system for dementia caregivers included 8 first-level indicators and 21 second-level indicators for primary caregivers,12 first-level indicators and 46 second-level indicators for secondary caregivers,and 13 first-level indicators and 56 second-level indicators for senior caregivers.Conclusions  The indicators of capability system for dementia caregivers constructed in this study has good scientificity,reliability,practicality and guidance,which provides a basis for the ability training and skill assessment of dementia caregivers.
护理研究

叙事护理在老年疼痛患者中的应用

Application of narrative nursing in elderly patients with pain

:701-705
 
       目的   探讨叙事护理在老年疼痛患者中的应用效果。方法   根据随机数字表法将84例于2020年12月—2023年12月中国人民解放军南部战区总医院收治的患有恶性肿瘤的老年疼痛患者分为接受常规干预的对照组(n=42)和接受叙事护理的观察组(n=42),比较两组疼痛情况、负性情绪、睡眠状况及自我效能。结果   观察组在干预2、4、6、8周后疼痛数字分级评分分别为(5.02±1.07)(4.26±0.76)(3.58±0.65)(2.92±0.41)分,均低于对照组(t分别为2.126、2.419、3.232、2.545,P均<0.05);干预2个月后,观察组焦虑、抑郁自评量表评分、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数分别为(41.27±2.28)(42.47±3.19)(5.13±1.46)分,均低于对照组(t分别为11.795、9.669、3.579,P均<0.05),一般自我效能量表评分为(21.72±4.13)分,高于对照组(t=5.834,P<0.05)。结论   叙事护理可有效控制老年癌性疼痛患者的疼痛,显著改善负性情绪和睡眠状况,有利于自我效能的提升。
       Objective  To explore the application effect of narrative nursing in elderly patients with pain.Methods  From December 2020 to December 2023,84 elderly patients with malignant tumor in the General Hospital of the Southern Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army of China were randomly divided into control group(n=42)receiving  routine intervention and observation group(n=42)receiving narrative nursing.Results The pain digital grading scores of the observation group at 2 weeks,4 weeks,6 weeks and 8 weeks after intervention were(5.02±1.07),(4.26±0.76),(3.58±0.65)and(2.92±0.41),which were lower than the control group(t=2.126,2.419,3.232,2.545,all P<0.05).After 2 months of intervention,the scores of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,Self-Rating Depression Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in the observation group were(41.27±2.28),(42.47±3.19)and(5.13±1.46),which were lower than the control group(t=11.795,9.669,3.579,P<0.05).The score of general self-efficacy scale was(21.72±4.13),which was higher than the control group(t=5.834,P<0.05).Conclusions  Narrative nursing can effectively control the pain of elderly patients with cancer pain,significantly improve negative emotions and sleep status,and is conducive to the improvement of self-efficacy.
护理研究

医院 - 社区 - 家庭一体化康复护理模式干预对慢性创面患者生活质量及创面愈合的影响研究

Impact of hospital-community-home integrated rehabilitation nursing model on the quality of life and wound healing in patients with chronic wounds

:694-700
 
       目的   评估医院-社区-家庭一体化康复护理模式对慢性创面患者生活质量及创面愈合的潜在影响。   选择2023年1月—2024年6月在广州市第一人民医院接受治疗的慢性创面患者80例作为研究对象,所有患者在住院期间均接受基于溃疡面积、深度及是否合并感染等因素的综合治疗,包括彻底清创、创缘处理、负压治疗、感染控制等治疗,并接受常规护理。出院前,通过随机数字表法将患者分为两组,每组40例。两组患者在住院期间均接受常规护理,出院后,对照组接受延续护理并定期复查。干预组40例患者在出院后接受医院-社区-家庭一体化康复护理模式。入组时及护理3个月后,使用生活质量调查表(SF-36)对患者生活质量和创面愈合率进行评估。结果   干预组创面愈合率为(32.61±4.26)%,高于对照组(11.48±1.04)%,差异具有统计学意义(t=19.473,P<0.05)。两组患者在护理3个月后的数字评定量表评分和创面疼痛频率评分均较入组时降低(P<0.05)。其中干预组护理3个月后的创面VAS评分为(1.82±0.17)分,创面疼痛频率评分为(1.28±0.25)分;而对照组分别为(3.91±0.22)分和(2.63±0.37)分,干预组低于对照组(P<0.05)。此外,干预组在护理后3个月的总体健康、生理功能、生理职能、精神健康、情感功能、社会功能评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。在居家3个月期间,干预组的感染发生率为5.00%,而对照组为17.50%,干预组感染发生率低于对照组(χ 2 =3.781,P<0.05)。结论   本研究表明,医院-社区-家庭一体化康复护理模式干预能够促进慢性创面患者的创面愈合,降低居家期间感染的风险,并提升患者的生活质量。
       Objective  To assess the potential impact of the integrated hospital-community-home  rehabilitation nursing model on the quality of life and wound healing in patients with chronic wounds.Methods  A total of 80 patients with chronic wounds treated at the Guangzhou First People’s Hospital from January 2023 to June 2024 were selected as the study subjects.All patients received comprehensive treatment during their hospital stay,including thorough debridement,edge treatment,vacuum therapy,infection control and routine nursing care.Prior to discharge,the patients were  randomly divided into two groups using a random number table,with 40 patients in each group.Both groups received routine nursing care during their hospital stay,and the control group received continuing nursing care and regular follow-up after discharge.Forty patients in the intervention group received the integrated hospital-community-home rehabilitation nursing model after discharge.Quality of life(QoL)and wound healing rates were assessed using the Short Form 36(SF-36)questionnaire at the time of enrollment and 3 months after nursing.Results  The wound healing rate in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group ([32.61±4.26]% vs [11.48±1.04]%),with a statistical difference(t=19.473,P<0.05).The numerical rating scale(NRS)scores and frequency of wound pain scores decreased in both groups 3 months after nursing compared to the enrollment period(P<0.05).Specifically,the VAS score for wound pain in the intervention group 3 months after nursing was(1.82±0.17),and the frequency of wound pain was(1.28±0.25),in the control group,these scores were(3.91±0.22)and(2.63±0.37),respectively,with the intervention group scoring significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the scores for overall health,physical function,role physical,mental health,emotional function,and social function in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group 3 months after nursing(P<0.05).During the 3-month home recovery period,the incidence of infection in the intervention group was 5.00%,whereas it was 17.50% in the control group,with the intervention group  showing a lower incidence of infection(χ 2 =3.781,P<0.05).Conclusions  This study demonstrates that the hospital-community-home integrated rehabilitation care model intervention can promote wound healing in chronic wound patients,reduce the risk of infection during home care,and significantly improve patients’ quality of life.
论著

淋巴细胞亚群在鉴别低增生性骨髓增生异常综合征和再生障碍性贫血中的价值

The value of lymphocyte subpopulations in differentiation between hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome and aplastic anemia

:689-693
 
       目的   探讨淋巴细胞亚群在鉴别低增生性骨髓增生异常综合征(hypo-MDS)和再生障碍性贫血(AA)中的价值。方法   选取2020年7月—2023年6月在平顶山市第一人民医院治疗的80例hypo-MDS或和AA患者进行回顾性分析,其中hypo-MDS 48例、AA 32例,分析两组患者各类淋巴细胞(CD3+ 、CD4+ 、CD8+ 、CD4+ /CD8+ 、CD3+ CD57+ T-大颗粒淋巴细胞、CD3- CD16/CD56+ 自然杀伤细胞、CD19+ B淋巴细胞)的差异。结果   hypo-MDS组的CD3+ (78.42±8.02)%与AA组的(75.65±8.44)%对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);hypo-MDS组的CD4+ (47.54±6.88)%、CD4+ /CD8+(2.16±0.61)%高于AA组的CD4+ (40.11±5.71)%、CD4+ /CD8+ (1.49±0.48)%,CD8+ (23.12±6.42)%低于AA组CD8+ (31.77±6.79)%(P<0.05);hypo-MDS患者CD3+ CD57+ T-大颗粒淋巴细胞(13.45±3.77)%、CD3- CD16/CD56+自然杀伤细胞(12.32±3.97)%高于AA组CD3+ CD57+ T-大颗粒淋巴细胞(9.77±2.15)%、CD3- CD16/CD56+ 自然杀伤细胞(8.84±2.11)%,CD19+ B淋巴细胞(9.75±2.08)%低于AA组(12.65±3.35)%(P<0.05)。结论   淋巴亚群变化情况可用于AA和hypo-MDS的鉴别诊断。
       Objective  To explore the value of lymphocyte subsets in differentiation between hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome(hypo MDS)and aplastic anemia(AA).Methods  A  retrospective analysis was conducted on 80 patients with hypo MDS and AA who underwent treatment in the First People’s Hospital of Pingdingshan City from July 2020 to June 2023.Among them,there were 48 cases of hypo MDS and 32 cases of AA.The differences in lymphocytes(CD3+ ,CD4+ ,CD8+ ,CD4+ /CD8+CD3+ CD57+  T-large granular lymphocytes,CD3- CD16/CD56+  natural killer cells,and CD19+  B lymphocytes)between the two groups of patients were analyzed.Results  There was no statistically significant difference in CD3+ (78.42±8.02)% between the hypo MDS group and the AA group(75.65±8.44)%(P>0.05).The CD4+ (47.54±6.88)% and CD4+ /CD8+ (2.16±0.61)% in the hypo MDS group were higher than those in the AA group(40.11±5.71)% and (1.49±0.48)%,respectively.The CD8+(23.12±6.42)% was lower than that in the AA group(31.77±6.79)%(P<0.05).The levels of CD3+ CD57+  T-large granular lymphocytes(13.45±3.77)% and CD3- CD16/CD56+  natural killer cells(12.32±3.97)% in hypo MDS patients were higher than those in the AA group([9.77±2.15]%,[8.84±2.11]%),and CD19+  B lymphoid cells(9.75±2.08)% were lower than that in the AA group([12.65±3.35]%,P<0.05).Conclusions  The changes in lymphatic subpopulations can be used for the differential diagnosis of AA or hypo MDS
论著

CT、MRI 影像学表现对原发性肝细胞癌微血管侵犯的诊断价值

Diagnostic value of CT and MRI imaging manifestations for microvascular invasion in primary hepatocellular carcinoma

:681-688
 
       目的   探讨CT、MRI影像学表现对原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)微血管侵犯(MVI)的诊断价值。方法   选取2018年1月—2024年7月江门市第二人民医院(江门市中心医院蓬江分院)和江门市中心医院120例(共158个病灶)HCC患者,均行上腹部CT、MRI平扫+增强及弥散加权成像(DWI)检查;以术后病理结果为金标准。比较CT、MRI平扫+增强及DWI对HCC MVI诊断效能;分析HCC MVI诊断中CT、MRI平扫+增强及DWI检查与术后病理确诊结果之间的一致性;比较HCC MVI与无HCC MVI患者影像学表现及表观扩散系数(ADC)值。结果    DWI检查对HCC MVI的诊断效能(灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值)均显著性高于CT、MRI平扫+增强(P<0.05);CT、MRI、DWI对原发性肝细胞癌患者微血管侵犯的诊断效能比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在HCC MVI诊断效能中,CT、MRI影像学表现与术后病理确诊结果之间为中度一致性;DWI与术后病理确诊结果之间为高度一致性。HCC MVI患者的强化方式在非边缘动脉期强化、强化包膜、晕状强化、结中结、门脉分支癌栓占比均显著性高于无HCC MVI患者(P<0.05)。在不同b值(400、800、1 000、1 500 s/mm2 )下,HCC MVI患者的ADC值均显著性高于无HCC MVI患者(P<0.05)。结论    CT、MRI平扫+增强及DWI对HCC MVI均具有较好的诊断效能,而MRI诊断结果与病理诊断一致性更佳,尤其DWI图中ADC值可更加精准地判断HCC的患者是否发生微血管侵犯,有助于指导临床医生建立“个体化”精准诊疗策略。
       Objective  To explore the diagnostic value of CT and MRI imaging manifestations for microvascular invasion(MVI)in primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods  A total of 120 patients(158 lesions in total)with HCC in the Second People’s Hospital of Jiangmen(Pengjiang Branch of Jiangmen Central Hospital)and Jiangmen Central Hospital were selected from January 2018 to July 2024,all underwent CT and MRI plain + enhanced and diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)of the upper abdomen;postoperative pathology results was used as the diagnostic gold standard.The diagnostic efficacy of CT,MRI plain + enhanced and DWI for HCC MVI was compared.The concordance among CT,MRI plain + enhanced and DWI examinations with postoperative pathological diagnostic findings in the diagnosis of HCC MVI.Imaging manifestations and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values in patients with and without HCC MVI were compared.Results  Diagnostic effectiveness of DWI examination for HCC MVI(sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value,negative predictive value)were all significantly higher than those of CT and MRI plain + enhanced(P<0.05);none of the differences were statistically significant(P>0.05)in the comparison of diagnostic effectiveness of CT,MRI,and DWI for the diagnosis of MVI in patients with primary HCC.In HCC MVI diagnostic effectiveness,moderate concordance was found among CT,MRI imaging phenotypes and postoperative pathology results;high concordance was found between DWI and postoperative pathology results.In HCC MVI patients,the proportion of non-marginal arterial reinforcement,enhanced envelope,halo reinforcement,nodal in nodal and portal branch cancer thrombi was significantly higher than that in patients without HCC MVI(P<0.05).At different b-values(400,800,1 000,1 500 s/mm2 ),ADC values were all significantly higher in patients with HCC MVI than in patients without HCC MVI(P<0.05).Conclusions  CT,MRI plain + enhanced and DWI have good diagnostic effectiveness for HCC MVI,while MRI diagnostic results are in better concordance with pathologic diagnosis.In particular,ADC values in DWI maps can more accurately determine whether MVI occurs in patients with HCC,which helps to guide clinicians to establish“individualized”and precise diagnosis and treatment strategies.
论著

不同的复苏方式对感染性休克患者的应用效果

The application effect of different resuscitation methods on patients with septic shock

:675-680
 
       目的   探讨碳酸氢钠林格液联合乳酸靶向复苏对感染性休克患者的应用效果。方法   选取中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九八八医院2019年1月—2023年12月收治的80例感染性休克患者,应用随机数字表法将其分为观察组与对照组,均为40例。对照组患者采用复方氯化钠溶液进行液体复苏,观察组患者采用碳酸氢钠林格液联合乳酸靶向复苏。对比两组患者复苏前与复苏后24 h的静脉血氧饱和度(SvO2)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心脏指数(CI)、心率(HR)等相关生命体征变化,血乳酸、pH值、血钠(Na+ )、血氯(Cl- )、碳酸氢根离子(HCO3-)水平变化,对比两组患者症状体征消失时间、意识恢复时间、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、总住院时间及预后不良情况与并发症发生率。结果   复苏后两组SvO2、MAP、CI均升高,且观察组的SvO2为(73.62±6.24)%,MAP为(75.26±11.42)mmHg,CI为(3.62±0.66)min/m2 ,均高于对照组的(66.85±8.32)%、(68.51±8.37)mmHg 和(3.16±0.35)min/m2 ,而HR均降低,其中观察组为(113.26±12.37)次/分,低于对照组的(122.62±12.73)次/分,比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.117,P<0.001;t=3.015,P=0.003;t=3.894,P<0.001;t=3.335,P<0.001)。复苏后两组血乳酸、Cl- 均降低,pH值、Na+ 、HCO3-均升高,观察组血乳酸为(1.46±0.52)mmol/L,低于对照组的(2.25±0.32)mmol/L,比较差异有统计学意义(t=8.183,P<0.001),但两组pH值、Na+ 、Cl- 、HCO3-水平对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组症状体征消失时间为(2.34±0.58)d、意识恢复时间为(1.15±0.27)d、机械通气时间为(5.82±1.08)d、ICU住院时间为(11.85±2.28)d、总住院时间为(23.15±4.26)d,均低于对照组的(3.54±0.72)(2.95±0.34)(10.35±2.12)(15.12±3.23)(27.24±6.37)d,比较差异有统计学意义(t=8.209,P<0.001;t=26.221,P<0.001;t=12.042,P<0.001;t=5.231,P<0.001;t=3.376,P<0.001)。观察组多器官功能障碍综合征、肺水肿、脑水肿、再次休克、死亡等不良预后发生率低于对照组(7.50% vs32.50%;χ 2 =7.810,P=0.005)。结论   碳酸氢钠林格液联合乳酸靶向复苏可稳定感染性休克患者生命体征,降低乳酸水平,改善患者预后,缩短住院时间,且能够辅助降低患者不良预后发生率。
       Objective  To explore the application effect of sodium bicarbonate Ringer’s solution combined with lactate targeted resuscitation on patients with septic shock.Methods  A total of  80  patients with  septic  shock admitted to the  988 Hospital,Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army from January 2019 to December 2023 were selected and divided into observation group and control group by random number table method,with 40 cases in both groups.The control group was treated with compound sodium chloride solution for liquid resuscitation,and the observation group was treated with sodium bicarbonate Ringer’s solution combined with lactic acid for targeted resuscitation.The changes in SvO2,MAP,CI,HR,as well as changes in blood lactate,pH,Na+ ,Cl- ,and HCO3- levels were compared between two groups of patients before and 24 hours after resuscitation.The time for symptom disappearance,consciousness recovery,mechanical ventilation,and ICU hospitalization were compared between the two groups of patients,as well as total length of hospital stay,poor prognosis,and incidence of complications.Results  That the SvO2,MAP,and CI were elevated in both groups after resuscitation,and of the observation group (SvO2[73.62±6.24]%,MAP[75.26±11.42]mmHg,CI[3.62±0.66]min/m2 )was  higher than that of the control group ([66.85±8.32]%,[68.51±8.37]mmHg,[3.16±0.35]min/m2 ),the HR was decreased in all cases,the observation group(113.26±12.37)times/min was lower than the control group(122.62±12.73)times/min,the difference was statistically significant(t=4.117,P<0.001;t=3.015,P=0.003;t=3.894,P<0.001;t=3.335,P<0.001).After resuscitation,both groups blood lactate and Cl-  were decased,pH value,Na+ ,and HCO3- increased,and the observation group blood lactate(1.46±0.52)mmol/L was lower than the control group(2.25±0.32)mmol/L,the difference was statistically significant(t=8.183,P<0.001).But the comparison of pH value,Na+ ,Cl- ,and HCO3- levels between the two groups was not different(P>0.05).Time of disappearance(2.34±0.58)d,time of consciousness(1.15±0.27)d,time of mechanical ventilation(5.82±1.08)d,length of ICU stay(11.85±2.28)d and total length of stay([23.15±4.26]d,[3.54±0.72]d,[2.95±0.34]d,[10.35±2.12]d,[15.12±3.23]d,[27.24±6.37]d),the difference was statistically significantt=8.209,P<0.001,t=26.221,P<0.001,t=12.042,P<0.001;t=5.231,P<0.001;t=3.376,P<0.001).The incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,pulmonary edema,cerebral edema,reshock,and death in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(7.50% vs 32.50%;χ 2 =7.810,P=0.005,P<0.05).Conclusions  The combination of sodium bicarbonate Ringer’s solution and lactate targeted  resuscitation can improve the vital signs of septic shock patients,reduce lactate levels,significantly improve patient prognosis,shorten hospital stay,and assist in reducing the incidence of complications and mortality.
论著

单克隆免疫球蛋白血症患者 M 蛋白质量浓度检测的临床意义

Clinical significance of detecting M protein concentration in patients with monoclonal gammopathy

:669-674
 
       目的   探讨单克隆免疫球蛋白血症患者M蛋白质量浓度检测的临床意义。方法   选取2018年6月—2023年6月龙岩人民医院收治的88例单克隆免疫球蛋白血症患者为研究对象,其中意义未明单克隆免疫球蛋白血症(MGUS)21例,具有肾脏意义单克隆免疫球蛋白血症(MGRS)50例,血液系统恶性肿瘤17例。对比其M蛋白质量浓度及临床实验室相关指标表达水平,采用Spearman相关分析法分析临床实验室相关指标的与M蛋白的相关性,对所有患者进行半年随访,以预后情况作为因变量,纳入Logistics回归模型分析M蛋白质量浓度对单克隆免疫球蛋白血症预后的预测价值。结果   不同病种M蛋白水平分别为(2.42±0.55)(2.57±0.64)(4.36±0.64)g/L、24 h尿蛋白分别为(1.45±0.16)(2.98±0.68)(2.43±0.44)g/24 h、血清白蛋白质量浓度分别为(31.01±3.06)(35.03±5.04)(39.05±7.08)g/L、总胆固醇水平分别为(3.42±1.25)(3.87±0.64)、(4.16±0.64)mmol/L、血肌酐水平分别为(114.35±23.23)(81.18±12.12)(146.36±21.12)μmol/L、血红蛋白质量浓度分别为(148.12±15.26)(141.69±12.15)(133.34±15.31)g/L,组间对比差异均有统计学意义(F分别为23.890,19.700,12.044,25.767,36.572,10.267,P<0.05)。MGUS患者24h尿蛋白与M蛋白有相关性(r=-0.384,P=0.033),24 h尿蛋白、血清白蛋白、总胆固醇、血肌酐与MGRS患者M蛋白有相关性(r=-0.586,P=0.006;r=0.431,P=0.018;r=-0.457,P=0.020;r=0.523,P=0.009),血清白蛋白、总胆固醇、血红蛋白与血液系统恶性肿瘤患者M蛋白有相关性(r=0.374,P=0.029;r=-0.617,P=0.001;r=-0.414,P=0.024);年龄、M蛋白为单克隆免疫球蛋白血症患者预后的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论   不同单克隆免疫球蛋白血症患者M蛋白水平存在差异,其中血液系统恶性肿瘤患者的M蛋白水平最高,且M蛋白为单克隆免疫球蛋白血症预后的独立影响因素。  
       Objective  To explore the clinical significance of detecting M protein concentration in patients with monoclonal gammopathy.Methods  From June 2018 to June 2023,88 patients with monoclonal gammopathy admitted to the hospital were selected as the study subjects.Among them,21 cases of monoclonal gammopathy with undetermined  significance(MGUS),50 cases of monoclonal gammopathy with renal significance(MGRS),and 17 cases of hematological malignancies were selected.Concentration of M protein and the expression levels of clinical laboratory related indicators were compared,Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between clinical laboratory related indicators and M protein.All patients were followed up for six months,with prognosis as the dependent variable,included in the logistic regression model to analyze the predictive value of M protein concentration on the prognosis of monoclonal gammopathy.Results  There were significant differences in the expression levels of M protein([2.42±0.55],[2.57±0.64],[4.36±0.64])g/L,24-hour urine protein([1.45±0.16],[2.98±0.68],[2.43±0.44])g/24 h,serum albumin([31.01±3.06],[35.03±5.04],[39.05±7.08])g/L,total cholesterol([3.42±1.25],[3.87±0.64],[4.16±0.64])mmol/L,blood creatinine([114.35±23.23],[81.18±12.12],[146.36±21.12])μmol/L,and hemoglobin([148.12±15.26],[141.69±12.15],[133.34±15.31])g/L among different diseases(F=23.890,19.700,12.044,25.767,36.572,10.267;P<0.05).There was a significant correlation between 24 h urinary protein and M protein in MGUS patients(r=-0.384,P=0.033).Urinary protein,serum albumin,serum cholesterol and blood creatinine were significantly associated with M protein in MGRS patients(r=-0.586,P=0.006;r=0.431,P=0.018;r=-0.457,P=0.020;r=0.523,P=0.009),Serum albumin,total cholesterol,and hemoglobin were significantly associated with M protein in patients with hematological malignancies(r=0.374,P=0.029;r=-0.617,P=0.001;r=-0.414,P=0.024;P<0.05).Age and M protein were independent  risk factors for the prognosis of patients with monoclonal gammopathy(P<0.05).Conclusions  There are significant differences in the concentration of M protein among patients with different levels of monoclonal gammopathy,with the highest level observed in patients with hematological malignancies.M protein is an independent prognostic factor for monoclonal gammopathy.
论著

免疫及靶向药物联合肝动脉灌注化疗治疗晚期肝癌的临床分析

Clinical analysis of immune and targeted drugs combined with hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced liver cancer

:662-668
 
       目的   探讨免疫及靶向药物联合肝动脉灌注化学治疗(化疗)治疗晚期肝癌的临床疗效。方法   选取甘肃省武威市人民医院2021年1月—2024年1月收治的78例晚期肝癌患者进行回顾性分析,其中20例患者采取单纯肝动脉灌注化疗(HAIC)治疗为单化疗组,30例患者采取HAIC联合程序性细胞死亡受体-1(PD-1)抗体治疗为免疫组,28例患者采取HAIC联合PD-1抗体免疫治疗与甲磺酸仑伐替尼胶囊靶向治疗为联合组。对比三组临床疗效、治疗前后胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)表达水平,不良反应发生率,并采用Piper疲乏修正量表(PFS-R)、世界卫生组织生存质量量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)对两组癌因性疲乏程度及生存质量进行评价。结果   单纯化疗组、免疫组、联合组客观缓解率分别为15.00%、40.00%、64.29%,疾病控制率为30.00%、66.67%、82.14%,联合组高于单纯化疗组与免疫组(χ 2 =11.720,P=0.003;χ 2 =13.890,P<0.001);治疗后三组患者CEA、CA125、AFP水平均降低,且联合组[CEA:(13.62±4.24)ng/mL、CA125:(31.62±13.66)U/mL、AFP:(35.21±5.93)ng/mL]低于免疫组[(17.85±3.32)ng/mL、(59.26±9.35)U/mL、(42.12±4.12)ng/mL]及单纯化疗组[(23.73±4.79)ng/mL、(64.57±5.23)U/mL、(47.46±5.32)ng/mL],对比差异有统计学意义(F=7.698,P<0.001;F=11.480,P<0.001;F=14.952,P<0.001;P<0.05);所有患者均无5级不良反应及严重肝功能损害出现,且三组血小板减少、白细胞减少、腹痛、呕吐、消化道出血、厌食等不良反应发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后三组患者PFS-R评分均降低,联合组(3.85±1.13)分低于免疫组(5.39±1.25)分及单纯化疗组(6.33±1.26)分,WHOQOL-BREF评分均升高,联合组(348.58±66.12)分高于免疫组(297.24±72.21)分及单纯化疗组(256.35±41.67)分,对比差异有统计学意义F=2.526,P=0.014;F=2.167,P=0.033)。结论   免疫及靶向药物联合肝动脉灌注化疗治疗晚期肝癌疗效显著,可有效控制疾病进展的同时,降低机体肿瘤标志物水平,安全性可控,同时可改善患者生存质量,减轻癌因性疲乏程度。
       Objective  To explore the clinical efficacy of immune and targeted drugs combined with hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)in the treatment of advanced liver cancer.Methods  A retrospective analysis was conducted on 78 patients with advanced liver cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to January 2024.Among them,20 patients were treated with simple HAIC and divided into a single chemotherapy group.Thirty patients were treated with HAIC combined with PD-1 antibody,and divided into an immune group.Twenty-eight patients were treated with HAIC combined with PD-1 antibody immunotherapy and lenvatinib mesylate capsule targeted therapy,and divided into a combination group.The clinical efficacy of three groups,the expressionlevels of CEA,CA125,AFP,and incidence of adverse reactions before and after treatment were compared.Piper Fatigue Correction Scale(PFS-R)and the WHO QOL-BREF were used to assess cancer-related fatigue in both groups.The degree of fatigue and quality of life were assessed.Results  The objective response rates of the simple chemotherapy group,the immune group,and the combination group were 15.00%,40.00% and 64.29%,respectively.The disease control  rates were 30.00%,66.67% and 82.14%,respectively.The indicators above of the combination group was significantly higher than those in the simple chemotherapy group and the immune group(χ 2 =11.720,P=0.003;χ 2 =13.890,P<0.001;P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of CEA,CA125 and AFP were all decreased in the three groups,and those in the combined group (CEA[13.62±4.24]ng/mL,CA125[31.62±13.66]U/mL,AFP:Ng/mL[35.21±5.93])were lower than those in the immune group(17.85±3.32 ng/mL,59.26±9.35 U/mL,/ 42.12±4.12 ng/mL)and single chemotherapy group(23.73±4.79 ng/mL,64.57±5.23 U/mL47.46±5.32]ng/mL),the differences were statistically significant(F=7.698,P<0.001;F=11.480,P<0.001;F=14.952,P<0.001;P<0.05).All patients had no grade 5 adverse reactions or severe liver function damage,and there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence adverse reactions such as thrombocytopenia,leukopenia,abdominal pain,vomiting,gastrointestinal bleeding,and anorexia among the three groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the PFS-R score of the three groups was decreased,and the combined group(3.85±1.13)score was lower than that of the immune group(5.39±1.25)and the chemotherapy group(6.33±1.26).While the WHOQOL-BREF score was increased,the score of combination group(348.58±66.12)was higher than that of immune group(297.24±72.21)and chemotherapy group(256.35±41.67),and the difference was statistically significant(F=2.526,P=0.014;F=2.167,P=0.033;P<0.05).Conclusions  The combination of immune and targeted drugs with hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy has a significant therapeutic effect on advanced liver cancer.It can effectively control disease progression,reduce tumor marker levels in the body,improve patient quality of life,and alleviate cancer-related fatigue,with controllable safety
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