目的 观察桂枝加芍药汤个体化干预治疗儿童功能性腹痛的临床疗效。方法 选取2023年100名在广东省妇幼保健院门急诊就诊确诊为儿童功能性腹痛患儿。100名儿童随机分为两组,益生菌组50名、益生菌+中药个体化干预组50名。连续治疗1周。记录两组患儿卧立位心率、卧立位血压、Rutter 儿童行为量表和中医临床症状的改善情况。结果 益生菌+中药个体化干预组患儿治疗后卧立位心率和Rutter儿童行为量表中N行为评分比益生菌组下降,中医临床症状评分的有效率优于益生菌组。结论 桂枝加芍药汤个性化干预治疗儿童功能性腹痛疗效显著。
Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of individualized intervention with Guizhi plus Shaoyao Decoction in children with functional abdominal pain disorders(FAPDs).Methods A total of 100 children diagnosed with FAPDs at the outpatient and emergency departments of Guangdong Women and Children Hospital were selected.These children were randomly divided into two groups:the probiotics group(50 cases)and the probiotics+traditional Chinese medicine individualized intervention group(50 cases).Both groups received continuous treatment for 1 week.Parameters including supine/upright heart rates,supine/upright blood pressure,Rutter Children’s Behavior Questionnaire,and improvements in traditional Chinese clinical symptom scores were recorded.Results The probiotics+traditional Chinese medicine individualized intervention group exhibited significantly greater reductions in supine/upright heart rates and N-behavior scores compared to the probiotics group.The effective rate of Chinese clinical symptom scores was also significantly higher in the individualized intervention group.Conclusions Individualized intervention of Guizhi plus Shaoyao Decoction has a remarkable efficacy in treating FAPDs in children.
目的 评估ChatGPT 4与Llama 3微调模型在乳腺癌诊断中的应用效果,特别是在超声、钼靶及超声联合钼靶的非结构化报告和影像诊断方面。方法 回顾性收集了689例同时接受乳腺超声和钼靶检查的患者数据,比较两种模型在文本和图像模态下的诊断性能,并探讨乳腺密度对模型表现的影响。结果 在文本模态下,微调Llama 3表现优异,联合诊断准确率达91.7%,优于ChatGPT 4的71.7%。图像模态中两模型准确率均低于70%,但ChatGPT 4灵敏度较高(78.3%),Llama 3特异度突出(98.3%)。分组分析表明,在非致密型乳腺中钼靶表现更佳,而致密型乳腺中超声诊断更具优势。结论 大语言模型在医学图像处理和多模态整合方面仍需进一步优化,医学领域微调的大语言模型在处理非结构化临床文本方面具有潜力。
Objective To evaluate the application effectiveness of ChatGPT 4 and the fine-tuned Llama 3 model in breast cancer diagnosis,particularly in processing unstructured reports and diagnostic imaging of ultrasound,mammography,and their combined modalities.Methods Retrospective data from 689 patients who underwent both breast ultrasound and mammography examinations were collected.The diagnostic performance of the two models was compared across text and image modalities,and the impact of breast density on model performance was explored.Results In the text modality,the fine-tuned Llama 3 model performed excellently,achieving a combined diagnostic accuracy of 91.7%,outperforming 71.7% of ChatGPT 4.In the image modality,both models had accuracies below 70%,but ChatGPT 4 exhibited higher sensitivity(78.3%),while Llama 3 demonstrated outstanding specificity(98.3%).Subgroup analysis indicated that mammography performed better in non-dense breasts,whereas ultrasound was more advantageous in dense breasts.Conclusions The large language models still require further optimization in medical image processing and multimodal integration,but fine-tuned large language models in the medical field show potential in handling unstructured clinical texts.
目的 免疫球蛋白A肾病(IgAN)与炎症性肠病(IBD)的相互作用机制尚未阐明。本研究旨在解析IBD与IgAN共病的关键特征基因及核心信号通路,以揭示肠-肾轴的分子调控网络。方法 于GEO数据库获取IBD(GSE75214)和IgAN(GSE93798)基因表达谱,筛选差异表达基因(DEGs)。通过蛋白互作网络(PPI)和拓扑算法(MCC、MNC、Degree、EPC等)识别核心特征基因,并结合公共数据库(CTD、DISEASES和GeneCards)和单细胞转录组测序(GSE171314)进行验证。通过Nephroseq数据库验证基因表达与临床表型的相关性。结果 共筛选出17个IBD-IgAN共病DEGs,PPI网络分析等确定以FOS、EGR1、CXCL2和JUNB为核心特征基因。功能富集分析显示白细胞介素-17(IL-17)信号通路显著激活。单细胞测序验证FOS、EGR1、CXCL2和JUNB基因在IgAN特异性高表达,并通过Nephroseq数据库验证其与尿蛋白和估算的肾小球滤过率下降(eGFR)显著相关。结论 本研究揭示IBD与IgAN共享IL-17通路异常激活及FOS、EGR1、CXCL2和JUNB的基因网络,为开发基于肠-肾轴调控的靶向治疗策略提供理论依据。
Objective The complex interplay between immunoglobulin A nephropathy(IgAN)and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)remains poorly understood.This study aimed to identify key cross-talk genes and pivotal signaling pathways shared between IBD and IgAN,thereby elucidating the molecular regulatory network underlying the gut-kidney axis.Methods Transcriptomic datasets for IBD(GSE75214)and IgAN(GSE93798)were retrieved from the GEO database.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were screened,and shared DEGs were intersected.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks were constructed using STRING and Cytoscape,with topological algorithms applied to identify hub genes.Gene expression profiles were validated through(CTD,DISEASES and GeneCards)and single-cell RNA sequencing(GSE171314)and the Nephroseq database,focusing on clinical correlations with proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR).Results Seventeen shared DEGs were identified between IBD and IgAN.PPI network analysis revealed FOS,EGR1,CXCL2 and JUNB as core hub genes.Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated significant activation of the interleukin-17(IL-17)signaling pathway.Single-cell sequencing confirmed the specific upregulation of these genes in renal tubular epithelial cells of IgAN patients,which was further validated to correlate with proteinuria and eGFR decline.Conclusions IBD and IgAN share aberrant activation of the IL-17 pathway and a co-regulatory gene network involving FOS,EGR1,CXCL2 and JUNB,providing a theoretical foundation for developing therapeutic strategies centered on the gut-kidney axis.
目的 针对孤独症多模态证据融合与定量化辨识的关键问题,本研究提出基于图卷积神经网络(GCN)的孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)诊断模型研究思路。方法 通过对来源于ABIDE的ASD儿童脑部fMRI数据进行整理和筛选,提取脑区功能连接矩阵作为图结构的邻接矩阵,并融合临床表型数据,构建了ASD多模态关联网络。通过网络特征比较分析,识别出了ASD与典型发育组的脑功能连接网络组间差异。进一步地构建一个端到端的GCN模型,并尝试引入注意力机制,提高模型决策的可解释性。结果 该模型在诊断性能指标优于传统机器学习方法(准确率=0.710,精确率=0.709,召回率=0.780,F1=0.743,曲线下面积=0.746)。背侧注意网络与边缘系统-颞极枢纽的功能连接减弱是模型做出判断的最主要依据。结论 以异质图为多模态数据整合的基本架构,本模型为ASD的潜在病理机制探索提供了新的方法学范例。
Objective To develop a quantitative model for autism spectrum disorder(ASD)integration multimodal evidences.Methods The fMRI dataset from ABIDE was used for extracting connectivity function network of ASD after data preprocessing.Difference between ASD and typical development about their brain connectivity function was evaluated with t-test.Integrating phenotypic data and fMRI dataset,an graph convolutional neural network (GCN)with attention module was estimated and compared against benchmark models about their efficiency and interpretability.Results The GCN model was evaluated outperformed other models with better accuracy indices.And regions from Dorsal Attention Network and Limbic-Temporal Pole were ranked as the highest weights for the differentiation in the model.Conclusions This study provided a novel paradigm for quantitative diagnosis and exploring pathogenesis of ASD.
目的 通过总结分析我国华东五省市紧密型城市医疗集团的实践经验,为全面推进紧密型城市医疗集团建设,促进区域内医疗资源的优化整合和高效利用提供借鉴和参考。方法 采用内容分析法从责权协同、资源协同、业务协同和机制协同四个维度对上海闵行、浙江湖州、江苏淮安、安徽铜陵、山东青岛五个紧密型医疗集团建设的实践经验进行梳理和对比分析。结果 各地区医疗集团建设总体具备政府主导,集团共建,一体化管理、同质化服务等紧密型医疗集团特点,但存在权责归属失配、利益分配机制缺失、信息化建设不均衡、基层服务能力不足、一体化管理不全面、机制协同有待加强等问题。结论 建议通过完善治理体系、均衡利益分配、强化数字赋能、推进强基提能、落实配套政策等措施,切实推动紧密型城市医疗集团高质量发展。
Objective To summarize and analyze the practical experience of compact city medical groups in five provinces and cities in East China,for reference of promoting the construction of compact city medical groups,and promoting the optimization,integration and efficient utilization of medical resources in the region.Methods The content analysis method was used to sort out and compare the practical experience of building such compact medical groups in Shanghai Minhang,Zhejiang Huzhou,Jiangsu Huai’an,Anhui Tongling and Shandong Qingdao from the four dimensions of responsibility and power synergy,resource synergy,business synergy and mechanism synergy.Results Such medical groups are characterized by government-led,group co-construction,integrated management,and homogeneous services.However,there are such problems as mismatched ownership of rights and responsibilities,lack of interest distribution mechanism,unbalanced information construction,insufficient primary service capacity,incomplete integrated management,and mechanism coordination to be strengthened.Conclusions It is recommended to effectively promote the high-quality development of compact city medical groups by improving the governance system,balancing the distribution of interests,strengthening digital empowerment,promoting the strengthening of energy,and implementing supporting policies.
目的 探讨医院药房外包代煎代送服务的质量管理。方法 成立中药代煎质量控制管理小组,研究给出完善质量控制体系的策略,涉及建立标准化操作流程、加强人员培训、优化信息化管理系统以及健全监督评估机制。结果 通过对中药库房的采购、入库验收、在库管理、调剂环节的审方、调剂、煎药质量管理以及物流、发药人员全流程管理,提高了患者的满意度,更多的患者选择了中药代煎服务。结论 实施有效的质量控制措施可提高代煎代送服务的质量,为医院药房提升服务质量给予理论依据与实践指导。
Objective To explore quality management of outsourced decoction preparation and delivery services in hospital pharmacies.Methods A quality control management team for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)decoction preparation was established to develop strategies for improving the quality control system.These strategies involved establishing standardized operating procedures,strengthening personnel training,optimizing the information management system,and improving the supervision and evaluation mechanism.Results Through comprehensive process management,covering procurement,warehouse acceptance,inventory management,prescription review in the dispensing stage,dispensing itself,quality control of decoction preparation,logistics,and management of dispensing personnel,patient satisfaction was enhanced,leading more patients to opt for the TCM decoction service.Conclusions Implementing effective quality control measures can improve the quality of decoction preparation and delivery services,providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for hospital pharmacies to enhance their service quality.
目的 残余胆固醇(RC)是反映动脉粥样硬化性血脂异常的重要指标,其在糖尿病合并冠心病患者中的临床意义尚不明确。本研究旨在探讨RC水平对糖尿病合并冠心病患者心力衰竭风险的预测价值,并分析其相关性。方法 本研究为回顾性横断面研究,纳入2021年1月—2024年1月期间在鹤壁市人民医院接受诊治的292例糖尿病合并冠心病患者。根据是否存在心力衰竭分为心力衰竭组(128例)和无心力衰竭组(164例)。对基线特征进行比较,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析RC与心力衰竭的相关性。同时,通过限制性立方样条(RCS)分析探讨RC与心力衰竭风险的线性关系,并通过受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线和曲线下面积(AUC)评估RC的预测价值。结果 心力衰竭组患者的男性比例、高血压患病率、RC水平等高于无心力衰竭组,而估算肾小球滤过率水平显著降低(P<0.05)。单因素分析显示,RC>0.7 mmol/L显著增加心力衰竭风险(OR=1.854,95%CI:1.161~2.960,P=0.010)。多因素Logistic回归分析中,全调整模型结果显示,RC作为分类变量时,RC>0.7 mmol/L的患者心力衰竭风险显著增加1.891倍(OR=1.891,95%CI:1.047~3.415,P=0.035);作为连续变量时,RC每增加1单位,心力衰竭风险增加2.464倍(OR=2.464,95%CI:1.495~4.064,P<0.001);Log10RC的风险比为6.411(95%CI:2.246~18.302,P=0.001);标化RC的风险比为1.687(95%CI:1.262~2.255,P<0.001)。限制性立方样条分析表明RC与心力衰竭风险呈线性正相关,ROC分析显示RC预测心力衰竭的AUC为0.621(95%CI:0.555~0.687,P<0.001)。结论 RC水平与糖尿病合并冠心病患者心力衰竭风险显著相关,且呈线性正相关。RC具有一定的预测价值,可作为该人群心力衰竭风险评估的潜在指标。
Objective Residual cholesterol(RC)is an important marker reflecting dyslipidemia associated with atherosclerosis.Its clinical significance in patients with diabetes and coronary heart disease(CHD)remains unclear.To explore the predictive value of RC level for the risk of heart failure(HF)in patients with diabetes and CHD and analyze their association.Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included 292 patients with diabetes and CHD who were treated at Hebi People’s Hospital between January 2021 and January 2024.Patients were divided into the HF group(128 cases)and the non-HF group(164 cases)based on the presence of HF.Baseline characteristics were compared,and univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between RC and HF.Additionally,restricted cubic spline(RCS)analysis was used to explore the linear relationship between RC and HF risk,and the predictive value of RC was evaluated using receiveroperating characteristic(ROC)curves and the area under the curve(AUC).Results The HF group had significantly higher proportions of males,hypertension prevalence and RC levels,while estimated glomerular filtration rate were significantly lower compared to the non-HF group(P<0.05).Univariate analysis showed that RC>0.7 mmol/L significantly increased the risk of HF(OR=1.854,95%CI:1.161–2.960,P=0.010).In the fully adjusted multivariate Logistic regression model,RC(RC>0.7 mmol/L)was associated with a 1.891-fold increased risk of HF as a categorical variable(OR=1.891,95%CI:1.047–3.415,P=0.035).As a continuous variable,each increased unit in RC was associated with a 2.464-fold increased risk of HF(OR=2.464,95%CI:1.495–4.064,P<0.001).The odds ratios for Log10RC and standardized RC were 6.411(95%CI:2.246–18.302,P=0.001)and 1.687(95%CI:1.262–2.255,P<0.001),respectively.ROC analysis indicated a linear positive association between RC and HF risk(P=0.002).ROC analysis showed that RC had predictive value for HF,with an AUC of 0.621(95%CI:0.555–0.687,P<0.001).Conclusions RC levels are significantly associated with the risk of HF in patients with diabetes and CHD,demonstrating a linear positive correlation.RC has potential predictive value and may serve as a useful indicator for assessing HFrisk in this population.
目的 调查老年人照护服务需求现状并分析其影响因素,为构建基于需求为导向的老年照护服务体系提供参考依据。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取广州市某三甲医院212名老年人作为调查对象,采用日常生活能力量表、Fried衰弱评估量表及自行编制的老年人需求评估问卷进行调查。结果 老年人对运动与营养(1.96±0.90分)、心理慰藉(2.63±0.85分)、安宁服务(2.73±1.07分)的需求水平较高。多因素线性回归分析结果显示养老方式、日常生活活动能力、爱好数量、性别、衰弱等级、有无主要照顾者是照护服务需求的影响因素(P均<0.05),可解释61.5%的变异量。结论 老年人的照护服务需求受多种因素的影响。应根据老年人的不同特征,构建供需匹配的多元化,多层次照护体系。
Objective To investigate the status quo of care service needs of the elderly and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide a reference for the construction of a needs-oriented care service system for the elderly.Methods A total of 212 elderly people from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou were selected by convenience sampling method and investigated with the Activity of Daily Living scale,Fried frailty scale and the self-designed elderly needs assessment questionnaire.Results Elderly patients had higher demands for exercise,nutrition,psychological comfort and hospice services.The results of multivariate analysis showed that the influencing factors of care service demand included pension style,activities of daily living,number of hobbies,gender,frailty level,and having main caregivers(all P<0.05),which could explain 61.5% of the variation.Conclusions The care needs of elderly patients are affected by many factors.A diversified and multi-level care system with matching supply and demand should be constructed according to the different characteristics of the elderly.
目的 探讨经颅多普勒超声(TCD)参数联合屏气指数在颈内动脉(ICA)狭窄或闭塞所致急性脑梗死的评估价值。方法 选择2022年1月—2024年12月,在广州市花都区人民医院连续入组发病72 h内ICA狭窄或闭塞所致的急性脑梗死患者。记录患者人口统计学资料、临床资料及TCD相关参数,包括搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数( RI)、大脑中动脉平均血流速度(Vm)及屏气指数等。依据患者数字减影血管造影(DSA)结果分为侧支循环良好组及侧支循环不良组。比较两组人口统计学、临床资料及TCD相关参数,采用单因素分析、多因素Logistic回归分析及ROC曲线。结果 共纳入ICA狭窄或闭塞所致急性脑梗死共136例,其中侧支循环良好组46例,侧支循环不良组90例。单因素分析提示:侧支循环良好组与侧支循环不良组在PI[0.95(0.80,1.03)vs 1.01(0.88,1.13)]、RI[0.58(0.51,0.62)vs 0.60(0.54,0.65)]、Vm[57(44,65)vs 50.5(41,63)]及屏气指数[0.78(0.75,0.85)vs 0.72(0.59,0.79)]方面,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析提示Vm(OR=1.029,95%CI:1.006~1.053,P=0.014)、屏气指数(OR=723.401,95%CI:14.524~3 6031.859,P<0.001)是侧支循环不良的独立危险因素。屏气指数和Vm评估侧支循环情况的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.713(95%CI:0.627~0.799)和0.605(0.505~0.705),两者的AUC值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 屏气指数和Vm可以评估ICA狭窄或闭塞所致急性脑梗死的侧支循环,屏气指数和Vm的评估效能相当。
Objective To explore the evaluation value of transcranial Doppler ultrasound(TCD)in acute cerebral infarction caused by internal carotid artery(ICA)stenosis or occlusion.Methods From January 2022 to December 2024,patients with acute cerebral infarction caused by ICA stenosis or occlusion within 72 hours of onset were enrolled in our hospital.Patient’s demographic data,clinical data,and TCD related parameters,including pulsatility index(PI),resistance index(RI),average blood flow velocity(Vm)of the middle cerebral artery,and breath holding index(BHI)were recorded.According to the results of digital silhouette angiography(DSA),patients were divided into good collateral group and poor collateral group.Demographic,clinical data,and TCD related parameters were compared between two groups using univariate analysis,multivariate Logistic regression analysis and ROC curve.Results A total of 136 cases of acute cerebral infarction caused by ICA stenosis or occlusion were included,including 46 cases in the collateral good group and 90 cases in the collateral poor group.Univariate analysis showed that the good collateral group and the poor collateral group were different in PI(0.95[0.80,1.03]vs 1.01[0.88,1.13]),RI(0.58[0.51,0.62]vs 0.60[0.54,0.65]),Vm(57[44,65]vs 50.5[41,63]),BHI(0.78[0.75,0.85] vs 0.72[0.59,0.79])(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that Vm(OR=1.029,95%CI:1.006-1.053,P=0.014)and BHI(OR=723.401,95%CI:14.524-36 031.859,P<0.001)were independent risk factors for collateral circulation disorders.The area under the ROC curve(AUC)for predicting collateral circulation using BHI and Vm were 0.713(95%CI:0.627~0.799)and 0.605(0.505~0.705),respectively.There was no statistically significant difference in AUC values between the BHI and Vm.Conclusions The BHI and Vm can predict the collateral circulation of acute cerebral infarction caused by ICA stenosis or occlusion,and their predictive power is comparable.
目的 对2014—2023年广西梧州市某三级综合医院法定传染病疫情及流行病学特征进行分析,为地市级医院制定传染病防控策略提供科学依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法和Excel软件对该院法定传染病报告数据进行统计分析。结果 2014—2023年该院共报告法定传染病29 569例,其中,无甲类传染病报告,乙类传染病12 375例(41.85%),丙类传染病15 479例(52.35%),其他需监测报告的传染病1 715例(5.80%)。报告病例数排前4位的传染病依次为手足口病6 726例(22.75%)、感染性腹泻病6 451例(21.82%)、病毒性肝炎5 539例(18.73%)、肺结核3 552例(12.01%)。报告病例数在2014—2017年逐年增加,2017—2023年传染病报告病例降升交替,每年发病高峰期主要集中在5—10月;男性报告病例多于女性,男女之比为1.64∶1;0~10岁年龄段病例最多(46.89%),其次为40~60岁(26.91%);职业分布集中于散居儿童(33.90%)、农民和牧民(18.08%)、工人和民工(9.47%)及幼托儿童(8.48%);患者主要来自梧州市(79.17%)、广东省(17.34%)。传播途径构成比从高到低依次为肠道传染病(46.38%)、呼吸道传染病(26.03%)、血液及性传播传染病(24.92%)、其他传染病(2.66%)。结论 手足口病、感染性腹泻、病毒性肝炎、肺结核是该院传染病防治工作的重点,其中尤其要注重儿童手足口病和感染性腹泻病的预防,根据不同季节、疾病流行趋势,采取有针对性的传染病防控策略。
Objective To analyzed the epidemic and epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in a class Ⅲ general hospital in Guangxi Wuzhou from 2014 to 2023,to provide scientific basis for municipal hospitals to formulate infectious disease prevention and control strategies.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method and Excel were used to sort out and analyze the data.Results From 2014 to 2023,there were 29 569 cases of notifiable infectious diseases,with category B infectious diseases 12 375 cases(41.85%),category C infectious diseases 15 479 cases(52.35%),and others diseases 1 715 cases(5.80%).No category A infectious diseases were reported.The top 4 infectious diseases were 6 726 cases of hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD)(22.75%),6 451 cases of infectious diarrhea(21.82%),5 539 cases of viral hepatitis(18.73%)and 3 552 cases of tuberculosis(12.01%).The number of reported cases increased year by year from 2014 to 2017,and the reported cases of infectious diseases decreased and increased alternately from 2017 to 2023,with the annual peak period mainly presented from May to October.Males reported cases were more than females,the ratio of males to females was 1.64∶1.The number of cases between 0 to 10 years old was the highest(46.89%),followed by 40-60 years old(26.91%).The occupational distribution was concentrated in scattered children(33.90%),farmers and herdsmen(18.08%),workers and migrant workers(9.47%)and children in childcare(8.48%).The patients were mainly from Wuzhou City(79.17%)and Guangdong Province(17.34%).The composition ratio of transmission route from high to low was as follows:intestinal infectious diseases accounted for 46.38%,respiratory tract infectious diseases accounted for 26.03%,blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases accounted for 24.92%,and other infectious diseases accounted for 2.66%.Conclusions HFMD,infectious diarrhea,viral hepatitis and tuberculosis are the focus of the hospital’s infectious disease prevention and control work,especially the prevention of HFMD and infectious diarrhea in children,and the prevention and control strategies of infectious diseases are adopted according to different seasons and epidemic trends.