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广州医药杂志服务号
论著

休克指数与血乳酸水平预测院前创伤性休克患者预后的对比分析

Comparative analysis of shock index and blood lactate level in predicting the prognosis of pre hospital traumatic shock patients

:824-828
 
       目的   探讨、对比休克指数(SI)与血乳酸水平预测院前创伤性休克患者预后中的应用。方法   于2020年12月—2023年12月收治80例创伤性休克患者,均接受SI、乳酸水平的监测。结合监测的结果进行分组:乳酸正常组:乳酸水平在2 mmol/L以下,升高组:2 mmol/L以上;SI正常组:SI在0.9以下,升高组:SI在0.9以上。观察、记录患者入院7 d后的序贯性器官功能衰竭评分(SOFA),对多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)情况进行评估。同时观察、记录机械通气、血管活性药物的使用和住院等情况。结果   乳酸水平升高组60例,正常组20组;SI升高组58例,正常组22例,女性乳酸水平、SI,与男性比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。是否发生多器官功能障碍者的年龄、性别、SI指数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)评分[(4.22±1.53)分 vs (9.46±3.82)分,t=7.816,P<0.001]、住院时间[(23.34±5.71)d vs (12.26±2.11)d,t=11.830,P<0.001]、基础乳酸值[(4.75±2.36)mmol/L vs (2.04±1.11)mmol/L,t=6.721,P<0.001]与发生MODS在组间对比差异有统计学意义。SI升高组的容量复苏收缩压>80 mmHg(%)有27例,与乳酸水平升高组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(46.55% vs 18.18%,χ 2 =12.237,P0.001)。乳酸水平升高组中,11例患者接受机械通气,乳酸水平均升高(P0.05);9例患者使用血管活性药物,乳酸水平均升高,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);38例住院患者,24例乳酸水平升高(P0.05)。13例患者接受机械通气,12例SI升高,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);11例患者接受血管活性物治疗,8例SI升高,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);39例患者住院,SI升高22例,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论   针对重症的创伤性休克患者,当血乳酸水平升高时会大大增加MODS发生的概率,乳酸水平在对重症创伤性休克患者预后进行预测时,应用价值更高。
       Objective  To explore and compare the application of shock index(SI)and  blood lactic acid level in predicting the prognosis of patients with pre-hospital traumatic shock.Methods  From December 2020 to December 2023,80 patients with traumatic shock were enrolled,and their SI and levels of lactic acid were monitored.Patients were grouped according to the monitoring results:normal group:lactic acid level below 2 mmol/L,increased group:above 2 mmol/L;normal group:SI below 0.9,and increased group:SI above 0.9.The sequential organ failure score(SOFA)was observed and recorded 7 days after hospitalization,and the situation of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)was evaluated.At the same time,mechanical ventilation,the use of vasoactive substances and hospitalization were observed and recorded.Results  There were 60 cases in the group with increased lactic acid level and 20 cases in the normal group.There were 58 cases of increased SI and 22 cases of normal.The lactic acid level and SI index in women were higher than those in men,with no difference(P>0.05).There were no differences in age,sex,SI index and the incidence of MODS(P>0.05).GCS score(4.22±1.53 vs 9.46±3.82),hospitalization days(23.34±5.71 vs 12.26±2.11)d,basal lactate value(4.75±2.36 vs 2.04±1.11)mmol L-1 were significantly different from those of MODS(t=11.830,P<0.001;t=6.721,P<0.001,P<0.05).There were 27 cases with volume  resuscitation systolic blood pressure > 80 mmhg(%)in the group with increased SI,which was different from that of SI and lactic acid(46.55% vs18.18%,χ 2 =12.237,P<0.001;P<0.05).Lactic acid increased group:11 patients received mechanical ventilation,and the lactic acid levels of all 11 patients increased(P<0.05).Nine patients used vasoactive substances,and their lactic acid levels all increased,with no significant difference(P>0.05).Of the 38 inpatients,24 cases had elevated lactic acid levels(P<0.05).Thirteen patients received mechanical ventilation,and 12 patients had elevated SI,with no statistical significance(P>0.05).Eleven patients were treated with vasoactive agents,and 8 patients had increased SI,with no difference(P>0.05).Among the 39 patients hospitalized,22 cases had increased SI,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions  For patients with severe traumatic shock,when the blood lactic acid level increases,the probability of MODS will be greatly increased.Compared with SI index,lactic acid level has higher application value in predicting the prognosis of patients with severe traumatic shock.
论著

不同清洗方法对 PMMA 骨水泥附着的骨科外来医疗器械清洗对比研究

A comparative study on the cleaning of external orthopedic medical devices contaminated with PMMA bone cement using different cleaning methods

:819-823
 
       目的   探讨不同清洗方法对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)骨水泥附着的骨科外来医疗器械清洗效果。   以河源地区某三级医院消毒供应中心2023年7—12月同型号PMMA骨水泥术后附着的215件骨科外来医疗器械为研究对象,所有器械均为不锈钢材质,表面光滑,无明显磨损,利用随机数字表将其分为对照组与观察组。对照组(107件)采用常规预处理后清洗消毒器清洗,观察组(108件)预处理采用95%乙醇浸泡15 min后联合快干增亮剂清洗消毒器清洗。比较两种不同清洗方法的清洗效果。结果   观察组的器械清洗消毒后更加光滑且清洁,对照组的器械表面有部分磨损且仍存在一定程度的残留物。采用10倍光源放大镜清洁度检查,对照组清洗合格100件,清洗合格率为93.5%;观察组清洗合格108件,清洗合格率为100%。采用杰力试纸法检测,观察组清洗合格率为100%,对照组清洗合格率为94.4%,采用快速检测三磷酸腺苷(ATP)生物荧光法检查,观察组清洗合格率为99.1%,对照组清洗合格率为93.5%,观察组的清洗合格率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论  PMMA骨水泥附着的骨科外来医疗器械采用95%乙醇浸泡15 min后联合快干增亮剂和清洗消毒器可以提高清洗合格率以及外来器械再处理技术的安全性,为安全质量管理提供了有利依据。该技术适合推广使用,能有效排除医疗隐患,确保医疗安全。
       Objective  To compare the cleaning effects of  different methods on external orthopedic medical  devices contaminated with PMMA bone cement.Methods  A total of 215 external orthopedic medical devices contaminated with PMMA bone cement were selected from the disinfection supply center of a tertiary hospital in Heyuan from July to December 2023.All devices were made of stainless steel,with smooth surfaces and no significant abrasion.The devices were randomly divided into control group and observation group using a random number table.The control group(107 devices)was cleaned using conventional pre-treatment followed by a cleaning and disinfection machine.The observation group(108 devices)was pre-treated by soaking in 95% medical ethanol for 15 minutes,followed by cleaning with a quick-drying brightener and a cleaning and disinfection machine.The cleaning effects of the two methods were compared.Results  The study showed that the devices in the observation group were smoother and cleaner after cleaning and disinfection,while the devices in the control group had some abrasion and residual contaminants.Using a 10 x magnifying glass to check cleanliness,the control group had 107 devices passed the cleaning test,with a pass  rate of 93.5%,while the observation group had 108 devices passed,with a pass rate of 100%.Using the Geri test paper method,the observation group had a cleaning pass rate of 100%,and the control group had a pass rate of 94.4%.Using the ATP bioluminescence method,the observation group had a cleaning pass rate of 99.1%,and the control group had a pass rate of 93.5%.The cleaning pass rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusions  Soaking external orthopedic medical devices contaminated with PMMA bone cement in 95% medical ethanol for 15 minutes,followed by cleaning with a quick-drying brightener and a cleaning and disinfection machine,can improve the cleaning pass rate and enhance the safety of reprocessing external devices.This technique provides a  strong basis for  safety and quality management,is suitable for widespread use,which effectively eliminates medical hazards,and ensures medical safety.
论著

钝性分离扩皮法与常规扩皮法在乳腺癌术后患者 PICC 置管中的应用效果

Application effect of blunt separating skin expansion and conventional skin expansion in PICC catheterization for patients with breast cancer after operation

:798-803
 
       目的  对比分析钝性分离扩皮法与常规扩皮法对乳腺癌术后患者经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC)置管应用效果。方法  选取2022年4月—2024年4月在天津肿瘤医院空港医院接受治疗的120例乳腺癌术后PICC置管患者,依据随机数字表法进行分组处理。对照组60例给予常规扩皮法,观察组60例给予钝性分离扩皮法,对比两组患者扩皮结果。结果  观察组患者满意度为96.67%,对照组患者满意度为86.67%(χ 2 =3.927,P=0.048);观察组患者的穿刺点血液浸湿面积分别为穿刺后即刻(0.87±0.14)cm2 、1 d后(4.89±0.94)cm2 以及3 d后(0.21±0.05)cm2 ,均低于对照组的(2.74±0.63)(9.89±2.04)(0.44±0.12)cm2 ,对比差异有统计学意义(t=22.444、17.243、13.704,P<0.05);观察组患者一次性送鞘成功率为98.33%,对照组患者一次性送鞘成功率为88.33%,观察组高于对照组(χ 2 =4.821,P=0.028);扩皮前两组患者的VAS评分无差异(P>0.05),扩皮后两组患者的VAS评分均降低,且观察组(1.75±0.54)分低于对照组(3.89±1.22)分,对比差异有统计学意义(t=12.425,P<0.001);观察组患者不良事件发生率为5.00%,对照组患者不良事件发生率为16.67%,观察组患者不良事件发生率低于对照组(χ 2 =4.227,P<0.05)。结论  钝性分离扩皮法能够降低穿刺点血液浸湿面积及不良事件发生率,提高一次性送鞘成功率,减轻患者疼痛感,提高患者满意度。
       Objective  To analyze the effect of blunt separating skin expansion and conventional skin expansion in PICC catheterization of patients after breast cancer surgery.Methods  From April 2022 to April 2024,120 patients with postoperative PICC catheterization for breast cancer were selected and grouped according to the random number table method.Sixty patients in the control group received conventional skin expansion,and 60 patients in the observation group  received blunt separation skin expansion,which the results of the two groups were compared.Results  The patient satisfaction was 96.67% in the observation group,86.67% in the control group(χ 2 =3.927,P=0.048,P<0.05).In the observation group,the blood immersion area after catheterization,after 1 d and 3 d were(0.87±0.14),(4.89±0.94),(0.21±0.05)cm2 ,lower than those of the control group [(2.74±0.63)(9.89±2.04)(0.44±0.12)cm2 ],the comparative difference was statistically significant(t=22.444,17.243,13.704,P<0.05).The success rate of disposable sheath delivery in the observation group was 98.33%,which was higher than 88.33% in the control group(χ 2 =4.821,P=0.028<0.05).There was no difference in VAS scores between the two groups before the intervention(P>0.05),VAS scores decreased in both groups after the intervention,the score of the observation group(1.75±0.54)was lower than that of the control group(3.89±1.22),the difference was statistically significant(t=12.425,P<0.001).The incidence of adverse events in the observation group was 5.00%,and in the control group was 16.67%,which difference was significant(χ 2 =4.227,P<0.05).Conclusions  Blunt separating skin expansion can  reduce the area of blood immersion and the incidence of adverse events,improve the success rate of disposable sheath delivery,reduce patient pain,improve patient satisfaction,and have significant clinical application value.
论著

基于生物信息学分析 TRIB2 与结肠癌预后和免疫浸润相关性

Correlation of TRIB2 expression with prognosis and immune infiltration in colon cancer based on bioinformatics

:766-774
 
       目的  探讨TRIB2在结肠癌中的表达水平及与预后及免疫浸润之间的关系。方法  TIMER数据库分析TRIB2在泛癌种中的表达;TCGA、GSE17538下载结肠癌患者RNA-seq数据和临床信息,评估其与临床病理特征的相关性;生存曲线、单因素和多因素Cox分析探讨TRIB2与预后的相关性,并构建列线图;对TRIB2进行差异基因的富集分析;分析TRIB2表达水平与免疫细胞浸润、免疫检查点、肿瘤突变负荷(TMB)以及免疫治疗敏感性之间的相关性。结果  TRIB2在结肠癌组织中高表达(P<0.05);CMS1结肠癌患者TRIB2 mRNA表达水平最高;TRIB2是结肠癌患者的独立预后因素(单因素Cox回归分析:HR=1.397,95%CI:1.100~1.774,P=0.006;多因素Cox回归分析:HR=1.502,95%CI:1.158~1.947,P=0.002);TRIB2与免疫细胞的浸润密切相关,并且与免疫检查点分子表达水平以及TMB正相关(r=0.39,P<0.001);TRIB2的表达水平与免疫检查点抑制剂的疗效相关。结论  TRIB2在结肠癌中高表达且与结肠癌患者预后差和免疫微环境密切相关。
       Objective  To explore the expression of TRIB2 in colon cancer and its relationship with prognosis and immune cell infiltration.Methods  TIMER database was used to analyse the expression of TRIB2 in pan-cancer.RNA-seq  data and clinical information of colon cancer patients were downloaded from TCGA and GSE17538 to assess the correlation between TRIB2 with clinicopathological features.Survival curves,univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis were performed to explore the correlation between TRIB2 and prognosis,and a nomogram was constructed.Gene enrichment analyses were performed for TRIB2.Correlations between TRIB2 expression and immune cell infiltration,immune checkpoints,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and immunotherapy sensitivity were analyzed.Results  TRIB2 was highly expressed in colon cancer tissues(P<0.05).The highest level of TRIB2 mRNA expression was found in CMS1.TRIB2 was an independent prognostic factor for colon cancer patients(univariate Cox regression analysis:HR=1.397,95%CI:1.100-1.774,P=0.006;multivariate Cox regression analysis:HR=1.502,95%CI:1.158-1.947,P=0.002).TRIB2 was closely associated with immune cell infiltration and positively correlated with the expression level of immune checkpoint molecules as well as TMB(r=0.39,P<0.001).The expression of TRIB2 was correlated with the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Conclusions  TRIB2 is highly expressed in colon cancer and is closely associated with poor prognosis and the immune microenvironment of colon cancer patients.
医学教育

结核专科教学医院医学生特征及管理对策的分析

Analysis on the characteristics and management strategies of medical students in teaching hospitals specialized in tuberculosis

:717-722
 
       目的   分析结核专科医院医学生特征及管理配合度影响因素,为进一步提升医学生管理配合提供参考。方法   选择在院511名医学生进行基本情况采集及问卷调查,以问卷打卡次数及打卡时间评估医学生的管理配合度,并进一步分析其影响因素。结果   进修生、研究生及实习生的性别构成比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而年龄、专业及学历比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。医学生的学历与管理配合度无关,而不同年龄、性别、类别、专业医学生的管理配合度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论   针对结核病专科医院医学生的类别、专业、年龄等不同特征,调整专科医院教学管理方法并实行相应的管理措施,对加强专科教学医院的医学生管理工作具有一定的价值。
       Objective  To analyze the characteristics and the influencing factors of management cooperation of medical students in tuberculosis specialized hospital,providing  reference for further improving the cooperation of medical  students in management.Methods  Five hundred and eleven medical students were selected in the specialized hospital for basic information collection and questionnaire survey,the management cooperation of medical students were evaluated from the frequency and time of questionnaire check-in,and the influencing factors were further analyzed.Results  According to the classification as continuing education students,graduate students and interns,there was no statistical difference in gender,but there were  differences in age,major,and education degree(P<0.05).Age,gender,type,and major of the students were all  related to management cooperation(P<0.05),while the education degree was not related to it. Conclusions  According to the different characteristics of medical students in tuberculosis specialized hospitals,such as their categories,majors and ages,adjusting the teaching management methods in specialized hospitals and implementing management measures have certain reference value for strengthening the management of medical students in specialized teaching hospitals.
护理研究

叙事护理在老年疼痛患者中的应用

Application of narrative nursing in elderly patients with pain

:701-705
 
       目的   探讨叙事护理在老年疼痛患者中的应用效果。方法   根据随机数字表法将84例于2020年12月—2023年12月中国人民解放军南部战区总医院收治的患有恶性肿瘤的老年疼痛患者分为接受常规干预的对照组(n=42)和接受叙事护理的观察组(n=42),比较两组疼痛情况、负性情绪、睡眠状况及自我效能。结果   观察组在干预2、4、6、8周后疼痛数字分级评分分别为(5.02±1.07)(4.26±0.76)(3.58±0.65)(2.92±0.41)分,均低于对照组(t分别为2.126、2.419、3.232、2.545,P均<0.05);干预2个月后,观察组焦虑、抑郁自评量表评分、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数分别为(41.27±2.28)(42.47±3.19)(5.13±1.46)分,均低于对照组(t分别为11.795、9.669、3.579,P均<0.05),一般自我效能量表评分为(21.72±4.13)分,高于对照组(t=5.834,P<0.05)。结论   叙事护理可有效控制老年癌性疼痛患者的疼痛,显著改善负性情绪和睡眠状况,有利于自我效能的提升。
       Objective  To explore the application effect of narrative nursing in elderly patients with pain.Methods  From December 2020 to December 2023,84 elderly patients with malignant tumor in the General Hospital of the Southern Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army of China were randomly divided into control group(n=42)receiving  routine intervention and observation group(n=42)receiving narrative nursing.Results The pain digital grading scores of the observation group at 2 weeks,4 weeks,6 weeks and 8 weeks after intervention were(5.02±1.07),(4.26±0.76),(3.58±0.65)and(2.92±0.41),which were lower than the control group(t=2.126,2.419,3.232,2.545,all P<0.05).After 2 months of intervention,the scores of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,Self-Rating Depression Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in the observation group were(41.27±2.28),(42.47±3.19)and(5.13±1.46),which were lower than the control group(t=11.795,9.669,3.579,P<0.05).The score of general self-efficacy scale was(21.72±4.13),which was higher than the control group(t=5.834,P<0.05).Conclusions  Narrative nursing can effectively control the pain of elderly patients with cancer pain,significantly improve negative emotions and sleep status,and is conducive to the improvement of self-efficacy.
护理研究

医院 - 社区 - 家庭一体化康复护理模式干预对慢性创面患者生活质量及创面愈合的影响研究

Impact of hospital-community-home integrated rehabilitation nursing model on the quality of life and wound healing in patients with chronic wounds

:694-700
 
       目的   评估医院-社区-家庭一体化康复护理模式对慢性创面患者生活质量及创面愈合的潜在影响。   选择2023年1月—2024年6月在广州市第一人民医院接受治疗的慢性创面患者80例作为研究对象,所有患者在住院期间均接受基于溃疡面积、深度及是否合并感染等因素的综合治疗,包括彻底清创、创缘处理、负压治疗、感染控制等治疗,并接受常规护理。出院前,通过随机数字表法将患者分为两组,每组40例。两组患者在住院期间均接受常规护理,出院后,对照组接受延续护理并定期复查。干预组40例患者在出院后接受医院-社区-家庭一体化康复护理模式。入组时及护理3个月后,使用生活质量调查表(SF-36)对患者生活质量和创面愈合率进行评估。结果   干预组创面愈合率为(32.61±4.26)%,高于对照组(11.48±1.04)%,差异具有统计学意义(t=19.473,P<0.05)。两组患者在护理3个月后的数字评定量表评分和创面疼痛频率评分均较入组时降低(P<0.05)。其中干预组护理3个月后的创面VAS评分为(1.82±0.17)分,创面疼痛频率评分为(1.28±0.25)分;而对照组分别为(3.91±0.22)分和(2.63±0.37)分,干预组低于对照组(P<0.05)。此外,干预组在护理后3个月的总体健康、生理功能、生理职能、精神健康、情感功能、社会功能评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。在居家3个月期间,干预组的感染发生率为5.00%,而对照组为17.50%,干预组感染发生率低于对照组(χ 2 =3.781,P<0.05)。结论   本研究表明,医院-社区-家庭一体化康复护理模式干预能够促进慢性创面患者的创面愈合,降低居家期间感染的风险,并提升患者的生活质量。
       Objective  To assess the potential impact of the integrated hospital-community-home  rehabilitation nursing model on the quality of life and wound healing in patients with chronic wounds.Methods  A total of 80 patients with chronic wounds treated at the Guangzhou First People’s Hospital from January 2023 to June 2024 were selected as the study subjects.All patients received comprehensive treatment during their hospital stay,including thorough debridement,edge treatment,vacuum therapy,infection control and routine nursing care.Prior to discharge,the patients were  randomly divided into two groups using a random number table,with 40 patients in each group.Both groups received routine nursing care during their hospital stay,and the control group received continuing nursing care and regular follow-up after discharge.Forty patients in the intervention group received the integrated hospital-community-home rehabilitation nursing model after discharge.Quality of life(QoL)and wound healing rates were assessed using the Short Form 36(SF-36)questionnaire at the time of enrollment and 3 months after nursing.Results  The wound healing rate in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group ([32.61±4.26]% vs [11.48±1.04]%),with a statistical difference(t=19.473,P<0.05).The numerical rating scale(NRS)scores and frequency of wound pain scores decreased in both groups 3 months after nursing compared to the enrollment period(P<0.05).Specifically,the VAS score for wound pain in the intervention group 3 months after nursing was(1.82±0.17),and the frequency of wound pain was(1.28±0.25),in the control group,these scores were(3.91±0.22)and(2.63±0.37),respectively,with the intervention group scoring significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the scores for overall health,physical function,role physical,mental health,emotional function,and social function in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group 3 months after nursing(P<0.05).During the 3-month home recovery period,the incidence of infection in the intervention group was 5.00%,whereas it was 17.50% in the control group,with the intervention group  showing a lower incidence of infection(χ 2 =3.781,P<0.05).Conclusions  This study demonstrates that the hospital-community-home integrated rehabilitation care model intervention can promote wound healing in chronic wound patients,reduce the risk of infection during home care,and significantly improve patients’ quality of life.
论著

单克隆免疫球蛋白血症患者 M 蛋白质量浓度检测的临床意义

Clinical significance of detecting M protein concentration in patients with monoclonal gammopathy

:669-674
 
       目的   探讨单克隆免疫球蛋白血症患者M蛋白质量浓度检测的临床意义。方法   选取2018年6月—2023年6月龙岩人民医院收治的88例单克隆免疫球蛋白血症患者为研究对象,其中意义未明单克隆免疫球蛋白血症(MGUS)21例,具有肾脏意义单克隆免疫球蛋白血症(MGRS)50例,血液系统恶性肿瘤17例。对比其M蛋白质量浓度及临床实验室相关指标表达水平,采用Spearman相关分析法分析临床实验室相关指标的与M蛋白的相关性,对所有患者进行半年随访,以预后情况作为因变量,纳入Logistics回归模型分析M蛋白质量浓度对单克隆免疫球蛋白血症预后的预测价值。结果   不同病种M蛋白水平分别为(2.42±0.55)(2.57±0.64)(4.36±0.64)g/L、24 h尿蛋白分别为(1.45±0.16)(2.98±0.68)(2.43±0.44)g/24 h、血清白蛋白质量浓度分别为(31.01±3.06)(35.03±5.04)(39.05±7.08)g/L、总胆固醇水平分别为(3.42±1.25)(3.87±0.64)、(4.16±0.64)mmol/L、血肌酐水平分别为(114.35±23.23)(81.18±12.12)(146.36±21.12)μmol/L、血红蛋白质量浓度分别为(148.12±15.26)(141.69±12.15)(133.34±15.31)g/L,组间对比差异均有统计学意义(F分别为23.890,19.700,12.044,25.767,36.572,10.267,P<0.05)。MGUS患者24h尿蛋白与M蛋白有相关性(r=-0.384,P=0.033),24 h尿蛋白、血清白蛋白、总胆固醇、血肌酐与MGRS患者M蛋白有相关性(r=-0.586,P=0.006;r=0.431,P=0.018;r=-0.457,P=0.020;r=0.523,P=0.009),血清白蛋白、总胆固醇、血红蛋白与血液系统恶性肿瘤患者M蛋白有相关性(r=0.374,P=0.029;r=-0.617,P=0.001;r=-0.414,P=0.024);年龄、M蛋白为单克隆免疫球蛋白血症患者预后的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论   不同单克隆免疫球蛋白血症患者M蛋白水平存在差异,其中血液系统恶性肿瘤患者的M蛋白水平最高,且M蛋白为单克隆免疫球蛋白血症预后的独立影响因素。  
       Objective  To explore the clinical significance of detecting M protein concentration in patients with monoclonal gammopathy.Methods  From June 2018 to June 2023,88 patients with monoclonal gammopathy admitted to the hospital were selected as the study subjects.Among them,21 cases of monoclonal gammopathy with undetermined  significance(MGUS),50 cases of monoclonal gammopathy with renal significance(MGRS),and 17 cases of hematological malignancies were selected.Concentration of M protein and the expression levels of clinical laboratory related indicators were compared,Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between clinical laboratory related indicators and M protein.All patients were followed up for six months,with prognosis as the dependent variable,included in the logistic regression model to analyze the predictive value of M protein concentration on the prognosis of monoclonal gammopathy.Results  There were significant differences in the expression levels of M protein([2.42±0.55],[2.57±0.64],[4.36±0.64])g/L,24-hour urine protein([1.45±0.16],[2.98±0.68],[2.43±0.44])g/24 h,serum albumin([31.01±3.06],[35.03±5.04],[39.05±7.08])g/L,total cholesterol([3.42±1.25],[3.87±0.64],[4.16±0.64])mmol/L,blood creatinine([114.35±23.23],[81.18±12.12],[146.36±21.12])μmol/L,and hemoglobin([148.12±15.26],[141.69±12.15],[133.34±15.31])g/L among different diseases(F=23.890,19.700,12.044,25.767,36.572,10.267;P<0.05).There was a significant correlation between 24 h urinary protein and M protein in MGUS patients(r=-0.384,P=0.033).Urinary protein,serum albumin,serum cholesterol and blood creatinine were significantly associated with M protein in MGRS patients(r=-0.586,P=0.006;r=0.431,P=0.018;r=-0.457,P=0.020;r=0.523,P=0.009),Serum albumin,total cholesterol,and hemoglobin were significantly associated with M protein in patients with hematological malignancies(r=0.374,P=0.029;r=-0.617,P=0.001;r=-0.414,P=0.024;P<0.05).Age and M protein were independent  risk factors for the prognosis of patients with monoclonal gammopathy(P<0.05).Conclusions  There are significant differences in the concentration of M protein among patients with different levels of monoclonal gammopathy,with the highest level observed in patients with hematological malignancies.M protein is an independent prognostic factor for monoclonal gammopathy.
论著

神经型一氧化氮合酶与新生鼠胃肠道疾病的相关性

The relationship between neural nitric oxide synthase and gastrointestinal disease in neonatal rats

:622-629
 
      目的   探讨神经元型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)在抑制剂N-硝基-左旋精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)抑制作用下与新生鼠胃肠道疾病的相关性研究,以进一步研究婴儿肥厚性幽门狭窄(IHPS)等疾病的致病机制。方法   对40只成熟雌性wistar大鼠随机均分4组,怀孕后予怀孕母鼠灌胃,对照组给予生理盐水,低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组分别给予L-NAME 60、300、600 mg/(kg·d)L-NAME。新生鼠皮下注射方式,予对照组皮下注射生理盐水,在低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组皮下注射L-NAME 25、125、250 mg/(kg·d)L-NAME。统计分析新生鼠幽门中的nNOS表达量、体质量增长情况、胃潴留情况、幽门肌层厚度。结果 (1)低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组新生鼠幽门肌层厚度在出生后第1、7、14日龄高于对照组,但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)与对照组相比,低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组的新生鼠出生后第1周体质量增加量更少,胃潴留更明显(P>0.05);在出生后的第2周各组体质量增加量差异无统计学意义P>0.05)。(3)新生鼠出生后第14天,中剂量组的胃体积大于低剂量组,但低剂量组和对照组之间、中剂量组和高剂量组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)新生鼠生后第1天,幽门中nNOS的表达被L-NAME以剂量依赖的方式被抑制,随着新生鼠日龄的增长,这种效应逐渐消失。(5)在不同剂量L-NAME的作用下,新生鼠幽门中nNOS表达量、趋势在不同时间点不同。结论 (1)nNOS可以导致新生鼠胃潴留、幽门梗阻,与IHPS相关症状之间存在相关性,但可能不是IHPS病因的唯一分子机制。(2)在新生鼠胃、幽门组织中,nNOS的表达量可以通过负反馈调节机制调节。(3)nNOS表达量上调可能有助于幽门舒张,但可能无法完全逆转IHPS中幽门的进一步肥厚和阻塞。
    Objective  To explore the effect of nNOS on the early postnatal pylorus of neonatal rats under the inhibition of the inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride(L-NAME),in order to further investigate the pathogenic mechanism of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis(IHPS).Methods  Pregnant female mice were grouped randomly and administered by gavage,with the control group receiving physiological saline,the low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups  receiving different doses of L-NAME.For the neonatal rats,the control group was subcutaneously injected with physiological saline,while the low-dose group,medium-dose group,and high-dose group were subcutaneously injected with different doses of L-NAME.The expression of nNOS in the pylorus,weight gain,gastric retention,and pyloric muscle thickness of newborn  rats were statistically analyzed.Results   (1) The thickness of the pyloric muscle layer in the low-dose group,medium-dose group,and high-dose group of newborn rats was higher than that in the control group on the 1st,7th,and 14th day after birth,but there was no significant difference.(2)Compared with the control group,the neonatal rats in the low-dose group,the middle-dose group and the high-dose group gained less weight in the first week after birth,and the gastric retention was more significant.There was no significant difference in weight gain among the groups in the second week after birth.(3)On the 14th day after birth,the gastric volume of the medium-dose group was larger than that of the low-dose group,but there was no statistical difference between the low-dose group and the control group,or between the medium-dose group and the high-dose group.(4)On the first day after birth,the expression of nNOS in the pylorus of neonatal rats was significantly inhibited by L-NAME with dose-dependence,and this effect gradually disappeared with increasing age of neonatal rats.(5) Under the action of different doses of L-NAME,the expression level and trend of nNOS in the pylorus of neonatal mice vary at different time points.Conclusions   (1) nNOS can cause gastric  retention and pyloric obstruction in newborn rats,which is related to IHPS related symptoms,but may not be the only molecular mechanism of IHPS etiology.(2) The expression level of nNOS in the pyloric tissue of newborn mice can be regulated through a negative feedback regulatory mechanism.(3) Upregulation of nNOS expression may contribute to pyloric dilation,but may not completely  reverse thickening and obstruction of the pylorus in IHPS.
人工智能与医学

探讨 DeepSeek 在护理工作中的应用场景及面临的挑战和应对策略

DeepSeek in nursing practice:Exploring applications,challenges and mitigation strategies for domestic AI integration

:591-598
 
      目的  本文聚焦DeepSeek这一国产人工智能技术,结合护理临床实践,系统探讨其在护理场景中的应用潜力、现存问题及应对策略。方法  检索国内外相关文献,与现有通用人工智能技术对比,进行综述,并提出思考和建议。结果  预计DeepSeek在护理文书自动化、个性化护理方案生成、临床决策支持、护理质控及教育培训等提供适配应用路径,针对性的服务和解决方案等。结论  DeepSeek可通过多模态技术整合与跨平台互补策略,推动护理服务向智能化、精准化方向发展,为缓解护理人力短缺、优化资源分配提供新思路。
     Objective  This study focuses on DeepSeek,a domestic artificial intelligence technology,systematically exploring its application potential,existing issues,and targeted strategies in nursing clinical scenarios through integration with practical nursing care contexts.Methods  Relevant literatures from both domestic and international sources were collected,compared with existing Artificial General Intelligence(AGI)technologies,to conduct a review,and  propose  reflections and recommendations.Results  Through literature review and technical comparisons,the  results proposed specific application paths for DeepSeek in scenarios such as automated nursing documentation,personalized care plan generation,clinical decision support,quality control,and education.It further addressed issues including data privacy,ethical risks,and technical limitations.Conclusions  The findings suggest that DeepSeek can integrate multimodal technologies and cross-platform complementary strategies to promote intelligent and precise nursing services,offering innovative solutions to alleviate nursing shortages and optimize resource allocation.
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