目的 评价围术期目标导向液体治疗用于老年高危患者的优越性。方法 50例行择期全髋关节置换术的老年患者,随机分成传统液体治疗组(C组)和目标导向治疗组(GDT组),每组25例。C组以MAP和CVP为指导进行围术期液体管理,GDT组以每搏量(SV)和氧供指数(DO₂I)最大化进行围术期液体管理。观察和比较两组患者围术期液体出入量、MAP、HR、SV和CI等参数。结果 GDT组总输液量、晶体液和胶体液的输注总量均高于C组(P＜0.05);GDT组各时点MAP、HR、SV和CI高于C组(P＜0.05),与基础值比较,GDT组无变化,而C组在麻醉后和应用骨水泥后,MAP、HR、SV和CI一过性下降(P＜0.05)。结论 与传统围术期液体管理方案相比,以SV和DO₂I最大化为目标的GDT方案用于高危病人全髋置换手术,能使心脏前负荷处于更理想的充盈状态,血流动力学更稳定,并能有效预防骨水泥引起的循环抑制作用。

Objective To evaluate the priority of goal-directed fluid therapy(GDT) in high risk elderly patients. Methods Fifty elderly patients undergoing total hip replacement were randomly divided into traditional fluid therapy group(group C) and goal-directed fluid therapy group(group GDT). Group C received perioperative fluid management based on MAP and CVP, while Group GDT received goal-directed fluid therapy based on SV and DO₂I optimization. MAP, HR, SV, and CI were recorded at different time points; the intraoperative blood loss, fluid volume, and urine volume were also recorded. Results The total fluid volume, colloid volume and crystal volume of group GDT were much more than group C(P＜0.05); the intraoperative MAP, HR, SV, and CI in group GDT were much higher than group C(P＜0.05); compared withbaseline of MAP, HR, SV, and CI, there were no obvious change in group GDT, while there were significant decline in group C, especially after anesthesia and implantation of bone cements(P＜0.05). Conclusion Compared with traditional fluid management strategy, SV and DO₂I optimization based goal-directed fluid therapy has a significant priority in high risk elderly patients undergoing total hip replacement.It can maintain better preload and provide more stable hemodynamic status, and prevent cardiac side effect induced by implantation of bone cements

目的 探讨小脑延髓池注射纳洛酮对心肺复苏大鼠脑神经保护的作用机制。方法 将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、常规复苏组和纳洛酮复苏组。采用窒息法建立大鼠心脏骤停模型,复苏的同时给予药物治疗。恢复自主循环(ROSC)后24 h取脑组织,荧光定量PCR法检测脑组织c-Fos mRNA表达水平,免疫组化法检测脑组织c-Fos蛋白的表达。结果 与常规复苏组比较,纳洛酮可显著降低大鼠脑组织c-Fos mRNA及蛋白表达量(P<0.01)。结论 小脑延髓池注射纳洛酮可及时有效的作用于c-Fos基因,发挥脑神经保护作用。

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of naloxone injected into cisterna magna on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Thirty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) group and naloxone CPR group. Asphyxiation was used to set up rat cardiac arrest model, and corresponding drugs were given when the resuscitation was carried out. The Brain tissues were taken at 24 h after restoration of spontaneous circulation(ROSC). Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical was used to detect the expression of c-Fos proteins was used to detect the expression of c-Fos mRNA level. Results Compared with the conventional CPR group, Naloxone could significantly decrease the expression of c-Fos protein and c-Fos mRNA in rat brain. Conclusion Naloxone injected into cisterna magna can promptly and effectively act on c-Fos gene, playing a neuroprotective role.

目的 探讨糖尿病胃轻瘫大鼠不同血糖水平对Cajal间质细胞(ICC)的影响及其机制。方法 选择雌性Wista大鼠60只进行随机分组,实验组40只,对照组20只。实验组糖尿病Wista大鼠模型以单次腹腔注射链脲佐菌素法诱导。免疫组织化学荧光染色检测不同血糖浓度大鼠胃ICC数量及网络结构。结果 实验组大鼠血糖浓度高于对照组,ICC数量,低于对照组,且比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组大鼠中血糖浓度越高,ICC数量越低,说明血糖浓度升高可能与平滑肌及神经末梢之间缝隙连接的减少及其ICC网络的超微结构损伤及异常有关。结论 DM小鼠胃组织中血糖水平的升高,可能是DM胃中ICC数量减少的原因;外源性降低血糖能改善DM相关的胃肠道ICC病变。

Objective To observe the effects of glucose fluctuations on Cajal interstitial cells (ICC) of rats with diabetic gastroparesis(DGP) and its mechanistic. Methods 60 Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into two groups. 20 rats in experimental group and 40 rats in control group. Used immunofluorescence staining to detect the amount of gastric ICC and network structure in DGP rats with different glucose levels. Results The blood glucose concentration in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group, the amount of ICC in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). The amount of ICC decreased with the increase of glucose levels. In the experimental group, The gap junctions between smooth muscle and nerve endings, ultrastructural damage and abnormalities of the ICC network were probably related to glucose level. Conclusion The increase of glucose level was probably the cause of the decrease of the amount in ICC. Exogenousy decrease glucose levels probably can help to improve the lesion of ICC with DGP.

目的 探讨清洁手术在围手术期间所出现的抗菌药物不合理现象的危险因素,提出应对措施。方法 选用我院普外科收治的四种清洁手术(骨折内固定取出手术、乳腺手术、甲状腺手术和疝气手术)患者460例,对所有患者在围手术期间抗菌药物的应用情况进行研究,并对其不合理使用危险因素进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果 患者在清洁手术中抗菌药物的应用率为100%,其中头孢菌素类药物的使用率最高,喹诺酮类药物次之,四种清洁手术的术后用药时间均>7天。对患者资料进行多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,围手术期抗菌药物的不合理使用危险因素主要包括无指征预防使用抗菌药物、给药时间不当、术后用药时间过长、药物选用不合理等七种危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 当前清洁手术的围手术期中,存在着抗菌药物不合理使用的情况,临床诊治过程中应强化科学应用意识和合理化使用观念,确保医药资源的充分利用。

目的 探讨健康信念对心脏直视手术患者围术期心脏康复的影响。方法 选取我院2015年1月—2015年12月在全麻体外循环下行心脏直视手术患者 312例,按便利抽样法分为观察组159例和对照组153例。对照组按传统的心脏术后护理常规进行护理,观察组在对照组的基础上引入健康信念模式。比较两组患者心理健康状况、术后康复情况、护理满意度情况等。结果 观察组出院前一日SCL评分138.05±19.04,低于对照组155.84±21.27(t=7.1561,P<0.01);观察组拔除气管插管后24h、48h、72h疼痛评分分别为(2.25±1.22,1.98±0.67,1.24±0.57),低于对照组(3.28±1.01,2.71±0.98,1.87±0.86)(t值分别为6.003,7.652,7.597,P<0.01);观察组术后肺部并发症发生率2.52%低于对照组5.88%(χ²=4.550,P<0.05);观察组术后住院时间(10.93±5.58)d,短于对照组(15.79±5.24)d(t =7.933,P<0.01);观察组护理满意度97.48%,高于对照组90.84%(χ²=6.310,P<0.05)。结论 将健康信念模式用于心脏直视手术后患者,能够减轻患者术后不适症状,促进患者早日下床活动,降低肺部并发症的发生率,缩短术后住院时间,提高患者护理满意度。

目的 观察并分析小儿肝门静脉海绵样变性者核因子-κB(NF-κB)活性在手术前后的变化。方法 以2005年2月—2013年7月我院收治的43例小儿肝门静脉海绵变性者为研究对象,以40例正常儿童为对照组,检测对照组以及观察组儿童在手术前后血清单个核细胞(PBMC)中的NF-κB p65/Lamin B1的相对含量和NF-κB活性。结果 观察组术前、术后PBMC中NF-κB p65的相对含量分别为(1269.3±349.8)ng/mg、(884.5±154.8)ng/mg,均高于正常对照组(106.1±12.7)ng/mg(P＜0.05);与术前相比,术后相对含量降低(P＜0.05);观察组术前、术后PBMC中NF-κB的活性分别为(2194.5±471.3)ng/mg、(1376.9±203.7)ng/mg,均高于正常对照组(221.1±33.6)ng/mg(P＜0.05);与术前相比,术后相对含量降低(P＜0.05)。结论 经手术治疗后,小儿肝门静脉海绵样变性者PBMC中NF-κB p65的相对含量、NF-κB的活性均显著降低,表明手术在一定程度上有效缓解了肝门静脉高压的病症。

目的 研究超声内镜(EUS)对结直肠癌(CRC)术前分期和指导手术方案的应用价值。方法 选取我院2014年11月—2015年11月结直肠外科收治的52例CRC患者,均接受根治性切除术治疗并经术中病理观察确诊,并以手术病理TNM分期结果作为金标准。术前对入选患者行超声内镜检查,参考金标准回顾性分析超声内镜的TNM分期诊断效果。结果 该52例CRC患者EUS诊断结果显示肿瘤侵犯浸润T分期(T1～T4)准确率分别为87.50%、80.00%、94.12%、83.33%,较手术病理金标准无差异(P>0.05);EUS诊断淋巴结转移N分期(N0～N2)准确率分别为76.92%、79.17%、86.67%,其中N0、N2准确率较金标准无差异(P>0.05),但N1分期准确率较金标准偏低(P<0.05)。结论 虽然ENS对淋巴结转移程度尤其是N1的诊断准确度存在一定误差,但从整体来看EUS能较好的观察CRC患者肿瘤侵犯浸润深度和判断淋巴结转移情况,术前结合EUS诊断结果有利于患者术前病理分期,并为选择合适的手术方案提供参考依据。

Objective To study the application value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in preoperative staging of colorectal cancer (CRC) and guidance of surgical procedures. Methods 52 cases of patients with CRC who were admitted in the department of colorectal surgery of our hospital from November 2014 and November 2015 were selected. All of them underwent radical resection and were confirmed by surgical and pathological observation. Surgical and pathological TNM staging results were taken as golden standard. Before surgery, endoscopic ultrasonography was performed in the selected patients. Referring to the gold standard, TNM staging diagnostic effects of endoscopic ultrasonography were retrospectively analyzed. Results The EUS diagnostic results of 52 patients with CRC showed that the accuracy rates of tumor invasion T stage (T1-T4) were 87.50%, 80.00%, 94.12% and 83.33% respectively. There was no significant difference, compared with surgical and pathological golden standard (P>0.05); The accuracy rates of EUS in diagnosis of lymph node metastasis N stage (N0-N2) were 76.92%, 79.17% and 86.67%, respectively. There was no significant difference in accuracy rate in N0 and N2, compared with the gold standard (P>0.05), but the accuracy in N1 stage was lower than that of gold standard (P<0.05). Conclusion Although ENS has some errors in the diagnosis of degree of lymph node metastasis, especially N1, on the whole, EUS can be better to observe the depth of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis in patients with CRC. The diagnosis combining with EUS before surgery is helpful to the preoperative pathological staging, and provide reference for the selection of appropriate surgical procedures.

目的 分析总结异丙酚静脉麻醉复合利多卡因乳腺后间隙局部浸润麻醉在乳腺多发性肿块真空辅助微创旋切术的临床应用体会。方法 通过对我院2012年3月—2015年3月380例乳腺多发性肿物在异丙酚静脉麻醉复合利多卡因乳腺后间隙局部浸润麻醉下行真空辅助微创旋切术的病例,进行回顾性综合分析。结果 手术前、中和手术后血氧饱和度无明显变化;手术中平均动脉压、心率与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);麻醉效果好,术后并发症少。结论 乳腺多发性肿物真空辅助微创旋切术采用异丙酚静脉麻醉复合利多卡因乳腺后间隙局部浸润麻醉,安全可行,患者依从性好、满意度和耐受度较高,临床效果满意。

Objective To investigate the applicative value of Propofol intravenous anesthesia combining with local infiltration anesthesia in vacuum assisted biopsy minimal invasive system for multiple breast lumps excision. Methods Encor minimally invasive surgery was performed under Propofol intravenous anesthesia together with local infiltration anesthesia in 380 cases with multiple breast lumps admitted to our department from March 2012 to March 2015. Anesthesia effect, SpO₂, MAP and HR were analyzed retrospectively. Results All 380 patients achieved good anesthetic effect for completing multiple breast lumps excision. The postoperative complications were less. There was no obvious change of oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO₂) before, during and after the surgery period (P>0.05). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) had statistical significance compared the surgery period with the pre-operative time (P<0.05). Conclusion Vacuum assisted biopsy minimal invasive system under Propofol intravenous anesthesia combining with local infiltration anesthesia is a safety and feasible method for multiple breast lumps excision. It has more advantages including perfect anesthetic effect, good patient compliance, higher satisfaction and higher tolerance level.

目的 研究PF诱导化疗联合调强放疗及二维放疗对鼻咽癌近远期疗效影响的回顾性分析。方法 回顾性分析2008年1月—2008年12月中山大学附属肿瘤医院收治的101例鼻咽癌患者治疗情况,按照治疗方案技术分为调强组(n=42)和二维组(n=59)。比较两组患者临床疗效,近期毒副反应及生存情况。结果 放疗结束时调强组患者总缓解率92.86%与二维组77.97%比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。调强组Ⅲ-Ⅳ级胃肠道反应26.19%及黏膜炎14.29%发生率与二维组比较显著较少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者远期毒副反应及生存率比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 PF诱导化疗联合调强放疗治疗鼻咽癌患者,近远期临床疗效好,毒副反应少。

Objective To study the effects of PF induced chemotherapy combined with intensity modulated radiation therapy and two-dimensional radiotherapy on the short and long term curative effects in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods The treatment condition of 101 cases of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who were treated in the Tumor Hospital Affiliated to San Yat-sen University between January and December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different treatments, the cases were divided into the intensity modulated group and the two-dimensional group. The clinical curative effects, short-term toxic and side effects and survival status were compared between the two groups. Results At the end of radiotherapy, the total remission rate in the intensity modulated group was 92.86% while in the two-dimensional group was 77.97% (P<0.05). In the intensity modulated group, the incidence rates of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳgastrointestinal tract reactions (26.19%) and mucositis (14.29%) were significantly lower than those in the two-dimensional group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in long-term side effects and survival rate between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion PF induced chemotherapy combined with intensity modulated radiation therapy in the treatment of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma has good short and long-term curative effects and few toxic and side effects.

目的 探讨传统支气管针吸活检 (cTBNA )与超声支气管镜引导下针吸活检(EBUS-TBNA)对于肺部疾病伴有肺门及纵膈淋巴结肿大患者的诊断价值。方法 2012 年8月—2014年6月对在我院行CT检查提示肺部伴有肺门和/或纵膈淋巴结病变的患者38例, 分别利用cTBNA或EBUS-TBNA检查对肿大的淋巴结行TBNA,对所获得的标本进行相应的细胞学检查。结果 38例病例均经组织病理学诊断后确诊,并经过6个月的随访,其中cTBNA组(n=19)经组织病理明确诊断的包括:1例结核,5例小细胞肺癌,6例腺癌,3例鳞癌,1例大细胞癌,3例慢性炎症,cTBNA细胞学诊断阳性诊断率为63.16%(12/19),cTBNA组细胞学诊断肺癌的敏感度为66.67％(10/15),特异度为100％。EBUS-TBNA组(n=19)组织病理学诊断明确的1例为肺结核,1例为纵隔恶性肿瘤,1例为结节病,1例大细胞癌,1例小细胞癌,7例腺癌,5例鳞癌,2例为慢性炎症,EBUS-TBNA细胞学阳性诊断率为78.94%(15/19)。两种方法在诊断肺门及纵膈淋巴结肿大的疾病中有差异(P<0.05)。EBUS-TBNA组细胞学诊断肺癌的敏感度为86.67％(13/15),特异度为100％。结论 EBUS-TBNA细胞学检查对肺部疾病伴有肺门及纵膈淋巴结肿大的诊断率较cTBNA高,可明显提高检查阳性率,具有重要临床意义。

Objective To evaluate the value of clinical application between cTBNA and EBUS-TBNA in diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. Methods Between August 2012 and June 2014, 38 in-patients with mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes took conventional transbronchial needle aspiration( cTBNA,n=19) or endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration(EBUS-TBNA, n=19), and we were comparing the diagnostic results of two methods. Results 19 patients in the cTBNA group were diagnosed by forceps biopsy,including 1 case of lung cancer and 162 cases of tuberculosis, 5 cases of small cell lung cancer, 6 cases of adenocarcinoma, 3 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 1 case of large cell carcinoma, 3 cases of chronic inflammation, a cytological diagnosis of TBNA positive in 12 cases (63.16%). In the EBUS-TBNA group (n=19), the patients were diagnosed by accepting forceps biopsy, 1 case of tuberculosis, 1 case of mediastinal malignant tumor, 1 cases of sarcoidosis, 1 cases of large cell carcinoma, 1 case of small cell carcinoma, 7 cases of adenocarcinoma, 5 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 2 cases of chronic inflammation, EBUS-TBNA cytology positive rate of diagnosis was 14 (73.68%). Two techniques in the diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes have statistically significant(P<0.05). The sensitinty of cytology in the diagnosis of lung caner was 86.67%(13/15),and the specificity was 100%(EBUS-TBNA). Conclusion EBUS-TBNA is an effective tool in the diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes and superior to cTBNA.