【摘要】目的：探究淀粉样蛋白A（serum amyloid?A，SAA）、超敏C反应蛋白（high sensitivity C-reactive protein，hsCRP）、白细胞计数（white blood cell count，WBC）、SAA/hsCRP比值对儿童感染性疾病早期鉴别的临床价值。方法：选取2025年1月--2025年6月我院就诊的感染性疾病患儿296例进行研究，其中细菌感染组86例、病毒感染组180例，另选取同期30例健康体检儿童作为对照组。检测三组SAA、hsCRP、WBC水平，计算SAA/hsCRP比值情况，通过受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic curve，ROC）分析各指标单独及联合检测对细菌感染和病毒感染的诊断效能。结果：与对照组比较，细菌感染组和病毒感染组SAA、hsCRP、WBC、SAA/hsCRP比值更高（P<0.05）；与病毒感染组比较，细菌感染组SAA、hsCRP、WBC更高，SAA/hsCRP比值更低（P<0.05）。相关性分析显示，SAA 与 hsCRP、WBC 及 SAA/hsCRP 比值均呈正相关（r=0.417、0.473、0.324，均 P＜0.001）；hsCRP 与 WBC 呈正相关（r=0.408，P＜0.001），与 SAA/hsCRP 比值呈负相关（r=-0.402，P＜0.001）；SAA/hsCRP 比值与 WBC 呈负相关（r=-0.523，P＜0.001）。ROC 曲线分析结果显示，SAA、hsCRP、WBC 及 SAA/hsCRP 比值均可用于儿童细菌感染与病毒感染的鉴别诊断，其 AUC 分别为 0.810、0.879、0.893 和 0.893，联合检测的 AUC 为 0.997，灵敏度为98.80%，特异度为93.89%，诊断效能优于单项指标。结论：SAA、hsCRP、WBC、SAA/hsCRP比值在儿童细菌感染性疾病及病毒感染性疾病鉴别诊断中有一定价值，临床可联合检测上述指标水平以鉴别具体感染类型，为患儿诊断及预后评估提供依据。

目的 分析2024年2月至2026年2月郑州人民医院收治的急性下呼吸道感染（ALRTI）患儿的病原体分布情况及其流行病学特征。方法 选取2024年2月—2026年2月于郑州人民医院就诊的193例ALRTI患儿为研究对象，采集患儿咽拭子样本，统计患儿病原体检测结果，比较不同性别、不同年龄段、不同发病季节患儿病原体分布情况。结果 193例患儿中，经病原体检测出阳性患儿165例，总阳性检出率85.49%，检出率最高的前三位为RSV（20.73%）、MP（19.69%）、HRV（15.54%）；婴儿期患儿RSV感染占比（44.83%）最高，其次为HRV感染（20.69%），幼儿期患儿RSV、HRV、MP感染占比（17.31%、17.31%、19.23%）均较高，学龄前、学龄期患儿MP感染占比（33.33%、26.32%）最高，婴儿期患儿混合感染占比（6.90%）较低，学龄前患儿混合感染占比（20.00%）较高；春季时，各病原体分布较均衡，HRV、MP、SP感染占比（14.58%、12.50%、14.58%）均较高，夏季、秋季时，MP感染率（31.82%、28.85%）较高，冬季时，RSV感染率（55.10%）较高，四个季节中混合感染患儿占比较接近，其中秋季感染率（17.31%）相对较高。结论 2024年至2026年郑州人民医院收治的急性下呼吸道感染患儿病原体中，RSV、MP为主要病原体，各呼吸道病原体随患儿年龄段、季节变化存在不同发病高峰，临床应结合实际情况早期鉴别病原体，以指导临床制定针对性治疗方案，改善患儿预后。

Objective To analyze the distribution of pathogens and the epidemiological characteristics of children with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) admitted to Zhengzhou People’s Hospital from February 2024 to February 2026. Methods: A total of 193 pediatric patients with ALRTI who visited Zhengzhou People’s Hospital between February 2024 and February 2026 were selected as study subjects. Throat swab samples were collected from the patients, and pathogen testing results were compiled to compare the distribution of pathogens across different genders, age groups, and seasons of onset. Results: Among the 193 children, 165 tested positive for pathogens, resulting in an overall positive detection rate of 85.49%. The top three most frequently detected pathogens were RSV (20.73%), MP (19.69%), and HRV (15.54%); RSV infection had the highest prevalence (44.83%) among infants, followed by HRV infection (20.69%). Among preschoolers, the prevalence of RSV, HRV, and MP infections (17.31%, 17.31%, and 19.23%, respectively) was relatively high. MP infections were most common among preschool and school-age children (33.33% and 26.32%, respectively); the proportion of mixed infections was lower among infants (6.90%) but higher among preschoolers (20.00%); In spring, the distribution of pathogens was relatively balanced, with high proportions of HRV, MP, and SP infections (14.58%, 12.50%, and 14.58%, respectively). In summer and fall, the MP infection rate was high (31.82% and 28.85%, respectively). In winter, the RSV infection rate (55.10%) was high. The proportion of children with mixed infections was relatively similar across the four seasons, with a relatively higher infection rate (17.31%) in autumn. Conclusion: Among the pathogens identified in children with acute lower respiratory tract infections admitted to Zhengzhou People’s Hospital from 2024 to 2026, RSV and MP were the primary pathogens. The incidence peaks of various respiratory pathogens varied according to the children’s age groups and seasons. Clinicians should conduct early pathogen identification based on actual conditions to guide the development of targeted treatment plans and improve patient outcomes.

【摘要】目的：探讨多元化健康宣教在幽门螺旋杆菌（Hp）感染碳13（13C）呼气试验筛查中的应用效果。方法：将2024年5月~2026年4月至我院体检科进行无痛胃肠镜检查后，结果提示Hp阳性的300例患者作为研究对象，开展前瞻性临床试验。经数字表法将入组患者随机列为常规组和试验组，每组150例。两组患者均行13C呼气试验，常规组检查前实施常规健康宣教，试验组检查前实施多元化健康宣教，比较两组患者的心理状态，准备情况，检查情况及整体满意度。结果：试验组的疾病不确定感（MUIS）评分、广泛性焦虑量表-7（GAD-7）评分均低于常规组（t=7.644，10.923；P＜0.05）。试验组的药物停用依从率、饮食依从率、空腹依从率分别92.00%（138/150）、93.33%（140/150）、96.67%（145/150），均高于常规组[80.00%（120/150）、81.33%（122/150）、85.33%（128/150）]（x2=8.970，9.763，11.762；P＜0.05）。试验组的吹气一次成功率、肺泡气样本质量达标率、检查完成率、检查结果准确率分别为94.67%（142/150）、94.00%（141/150）、96.67%（145/150）、96.00%（144/150），均高于常规组[82.67%（124/150）、83.33%（125/150）、84.67%（127/150）、84.00%（126/150），]（x2=10.748，8.492，12.763，12.000；P＜0.05）。试验组的心理舒适、信息获取、检查流畅、结果可靠满意度评分均高于常规组（t=5.279，4.625，4.592，5.729；P＜0.05）。结论：多元化健康宣教可改善Hp感染患者的心理状态，并优化13C呼气试验的准备情况、检查情况，对提升检查结果准确性及患者满意度均有积极影响

[Abstract]Objective:Exploring the application effect of diversified health education in screening for Hp infection with 13C breath test.Methods:A prospective clinical trial will be conducted on 300 patients who were found to be Hp positive after undergoing painless gastroscopy in our hospital from May 2024 to April 2026. The enrolled patients were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group using a numerical table method, with 150 cases in each group. Both groups of patients underwent 13C breath tests. The routine group received routine health education before the examination, while the experimental group received diversified health education before the examination. The psychological status, preparation, examination results, and overall satisfaction of the two groups of patients were compared.Results:Compare to the control group,the experimental group had lower MUIS scores and GAD-7 scores (t=7.644，10.923; P<0.05). The medication discontinuation compliance rate, dietary compliance rate, and fasting compliance rate of the experimental group were 92.00% (138/150), 93.33% (140/150), and 96.67% (145/150), respectively, all higher than those of the conventional group [80.00% (120/150), 81.33% (122/150), 85.33% (128/150)] (x2=8.970，9.763，11.762; P<0.05). The success rate of one-time blowing, the quality compliance rate of alveolar gas samples, the completion rate of examination, and the accuracy of examination results in the experimental group were 94.67% (142/150), 94.00% (141/150), 96.67% (145/150), and 96.00% (144/150), respectively, which were higher than those in the conventional group [82.67% (124/150), 83.33% (125/150), 84.67% (127/150), 84.00% (126/150)] (x2=10.748，8.492，12.763，12.000; P<0.05). Compare to the control group,the experimental group had higher satisfaction scores of psychological comfort, information acquisition, smooth examination, and reliable results (t=5.279，4.625，4.592，5.729; P<0.05).Conclusion:Diversified health education can improve the psychological state of Hp infected patients, optimize the preparation and examination of 13C breath tests, and have a positive impact on improving the accuracy of examination results and patient satisfaction.

目的 分析乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染患者并发2型糖尿病（T2DM）相关风险因素。方法 研究收集2024年1月~2025年5月期间，于周口市传染病医院（周口市结核病防治所、周口市第五人民医院）接受治疗的HBV感染患者临床资料，共纳入患者95例，根据HBV感染后是否并发T2DM分组，合并T2DM患者纳入并发组（n=21），非合并T2DM患者纳入对照组（n=74），比较两组患者基线资料及实验室检查数据，逻辑回归分析HBV感染患者并发T2DM风险因素。结果 并发组年龄、体重指数（BMI）、甘油三酯（TG）高于对照组（P＜0.05），年龄≥45岁、BMI肥胖、HBV感染时间≥6个月、TG≥1.7mmol/L、吸烟、乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性及纤维化-4（FIB-4）指数≥2.67例数占比高于对照组（P＜0.05）。年龄≥45岁[OR=21.599（95%CI：2.875-162.262）]、BMI（肥胖）[OR=16.729（95%CI：1.443-193.981）]、HBV感染时间≥6个月[OR=6.199（95%CI：1.101-34.904）]、吸烟[OR=9.429（95%CI：1.344-66.141）]、TG≥1.7mmol/L[OR=71.834（95%CI：7.060-730.897）]是HBV感染患者并发T2DM危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论 HBV感染患者并发T2DM受人口学特征年龄、BMI、临床病程HBV感染时间、共病血脂异常及生活方式吸烟的共同影响。

Abstract: Objective To analyze risk factors associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods Clinical data were collected from HBV-infected patients treated at the Zhoukou City Infectious Disease Hospital (Zhoukou City Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Institute)between January 2024 and May 2025. A total of 95 patients were included in the study, Patients were grouped based on the presence or absence of T2DM following HBV infection. Patients with T2DM were included in the T2DM group (n=21), while those without T2DM were included in the control group (n=74). Baseline characteristics and laboratory test data were compared between the two groups, and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the development of T2DM in HBV-infected patients. Results The age, body mass index (BMI), and triglycerides (TG) in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05); The proportion of cases with age ≥45 years, obese BMI, HBV infection duration ≥6 months, TG ≥1.7 mmol/L, smoking, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity, and a FIB-4 score ≥2.67 was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Age ≥ 45 years [OR = 21.599 (95% CI: 2.875–162.262)], BMI (obesity) [OR = 16.729 (95% CI: 1.443–193.981)], duration of HBV infection ≥ 6 months [OR = 6.199 (95% CI: 1.101–34.904)], smoking [OR=9.429 (95% CI: 1.344–66.141)], and TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L [OR=71.834 (95% CI: 7.060–730.897)] were risk factors for T2DM in patients with HBV infection (P < 0.05). Conclusion The development of T2DM in patients with HBV infection is influenced by a combination of demographic factors (age and BMI), clinical course (duration of HBV infection), comorbid dyslipidemia, and lifestyle factors (smoking).

       目的   通过对急性深静脉血栓形成（DVT）患者经导管接触性溶栓治疗（CDT）中，影响血管导管相关感染（VCAI）危险因素及病原菌分析，为VCAI的预防提供合理、有效的措施。方法   收集2019年1月—2022年12月徐州市肿瘤医院介入科行CDT治疗的急性DVT患者的临床资料，回顾性调查患者诊疗相关资料及血培养结果，并对发生VCAI和病原菌情况进行分析。结果   本研究共调查急性DVT行CDT治疗的患者437例，发生VCAI的患者共21例，千日感染率为0.543‰。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：溶栓频率＞3次/天［OR=3.49（95%CI：1.86~6.45）］、导管留置时间＞7 d［OR=3.86（95%CI：1.26~10.18）］和有导管回送［OR=8.67（95%CI：4.83~12.65）］是患者发生VCAI的危险因素（P＜0.05）。发生VCAI的21例患者，血培养共培养出24株病原菌，有3例患者出现复合病原菌感染情况。其中以革兰阳性球菌最为常见，共培养出13株，占比54.17%，革兰阴性菌9株，占比37.5 %。结论   导管留置时间＞7 d、溶栓频率＞3次/天和有导管回送是急性DVT患者CDT治疗中发生VCAI的危险因素。VCAI的病原菌以单一病原菌为主，可合并其他病原菌感染，其中以革兰阳性球菌为主。

        Objective  By analyzing the risk factors and pathogens of vessel catheter associated infection（VCAI）in patients with acute deep vein thrombosis（DVT）undergoing catheter directed thrombolysis（CDT），to provide  reasonable and effective measures for the prevention and treatment of VCAI ．Methods  Clinical data of patients undergoing CDT treatment for acute DVT in the interventional department of the hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 was collected，patient diagnosis and treatment related data and blood culture results were retrospectively investigated and organized，and the occurrence of VCAI and pathogenic bacteria was statistically analyzed．Results  This study investigated 437 patients undergoing CDT treatment for acute DVT，and a total of 21 patients developed VCAI，with an infection rate of 0.543‰．The  results of multiple Logistic  regression analysis show that thrombolysis frequency＞3 times/day（OR=3.49［95%CI：1.86-6.45］），catheter retention days＞7 days（OR=3.86［95%CI：1.26-10.18］），and the presence of catheter return（OR=8.67［95%CI：4.83-12.65］） were risk factors for the occurrence of VCAI in patients．Among the 21 patients with VCAI，a total of 24 strains of pathogenic bacteria were discoveredin blood culture，and 3 patients developed composite pathogen infections．Among them，Gram  positive cocci were the most common，with a total of 13 strains cultured，accounting for 54.17%，9 strains of Gram negative bacteria，accounting for 37.5%．Conclusions  The duration of catheter retention＞7 days，thrombolysis frequency＞3 times/day，and the presence of catheter return are risk factors for VCAI in acute DVT patients undergoing CDT treatment．The pathogen of VCAI is mainly single pathogen，which can be combined with other pathogens，among which Gram positive cocci are the main pathogen．

       目的  调查深圳地区综合性医院门诊幽门螺杆菌（Hp）对8种常见抗菌药物的耐药情况。方法  采集¹³C呼气试验阳性的患者胃黏膜标本313例，进行Hp分离培养及抗菌药物敏感性试验。结果  313例患者分离培养得到247例Hp菌株，培养阳性率78.91%，不同性别、不同年龄患者Hp分离培养阳性率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。Hp对甲硝唑、克拉霉素、左氧氟沙星、利福平、阿莫西林、四环素、呋喃唑酮、庆大霉素耐药率依次为88.66%（219/247）、38.46%（95/247）、38.06%（94/247）、4.05%（10/247）、1.21%（3/247）、0.40%（1/247）、0.40%（1/247）、0（0/247）。双重耐药率为38.46%（95/247），其中Hp对克拉霉素+甲硝唑组合耐药率最高（18.62%，46/247），对甲硝唑+左氧氟沙星耐药率居其次（17.00%，42/247）。多重耐药率为19.84%（49/247）。不同年龄、性别患者双重耐药率、多重耐药率比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论  深圳地区分离的Hp菌株对甲硝唑、克拉霉素、左氧氟沙星耐药率相对更高，且双重耐药、多重耐药情况严重。

        Objective  To investigate the antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori（Hp）to eight commonly  used antibiotics in outpatients of general hospitals in Shenzhen．Methods  Gastric mucosal samples were collected from 313 patients who tested positive for the  ¹³C breath test，and Hp strains were isolated and cultured．Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on the isolated Hp strains．Results  Of the 313 patients，247 Hp strains were isolated，with a culture-positive rate of 78.91%．There was no significant difference in culture-positive rates between different genders and age groups（P＞0.05）．The resistance rates to metronidazole，clarithromycin，levofloxacin，rifampicin，amoxicillin，tetracycline，furazolidone，and gentamicin were 88.66%（219/247），38.46%（95/247），38.06%（94/247），4.05%（10/247），1.21%（3/247），0.40%（1/247），0.40%（1/247），0（0/247），respectively．The dual resistance rate was 38.46%（95/247），with the highest combination  resistance observed in clarithromycin + metronidazole（18.62%，46/247），followed by metronidazole + levofloxacin（17.00%，42/247）．The multi-drug resistance rate was 19.84%（49/247）．There were no significant differences in dual resistance rates（P＞0.05）or multiple resistance rates（P＞0.05）between different age groups and genders．Conclusions  The Hp strains isolated in Shenzhen exhibited relatively higher resistance rates to metronidazole，clarithromycin，and levofloxacin，with substantial dual and multi-drug resistance．

       目的   探究新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎接受肠腹壁造口术后，对感染指标和免疫指标的影响效果，以及术中、术后不良反应发生情况。方法   选取2016年1月—2024年1月因坏死性小肠结肠炎在潍坊市妇幼保健院接受肠腹壁造口术的56例患儿为A组，另收集同时期因坏死性小肠结肠炎行I期肠切除肠吻合的39例患儿为B组，观察并比较两组患儿术前、术后免疫指标和感染指标的变化情况。另收集同时期40名健康新生儿，对比A组患儿出院前的免疫、感染指标的与健康新生儿差异情况。出院后继续门诊随访，观察术后并发症及不良反应发生情况。结果  A组和B组患儿接受手术后，免疫指标（IgA、IgG、IgM）较术前呈上升趋势，而感染指标（IL-6、PCT、TNF-α）较术前下降。出院前1天A组IgG、IgM水平均高于B组，差异有统计学意义（t=2.312，P=0.023；t=3.214，P=0.002）。B组患儿术后第2天、术后第7天、出院前1天IL-6水平高于A组，差异有统计学意义（t=-4.252，P＜0.001；t=-3.383，P=0.001；t=-2.505，P=0.014）。至出院前1天，A组患儿的免疫指标和感染指标与健康新生儿相比，差异无统计学意义（P＜0.05）。所有手术患儿住院期间至还纳手术前无严重并发症发生。结论   肠腹壁造口术对患有坏死性小肠结肠炎的患儿治疗效果较好，可在一定程度上减轻炎症反应，改善患儿免疫功能。远期效果较好，安全性良好。

       Objective  To investigate the effect of enterostomy on infection indexes and immune indexes in necrotizing enterocolitis，as well as the occurrence of enterostomy and postoperative adverse reactions．Methods  Fifty-six neonates who underwent enterostomy for necrotizing enterocolitis in Weifang Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2016 to January 2024 were selected as Group A，and 39 neonates who underwent phase  I intestinal  resection and anastomosis for necrotizing enterocolitis during the same period were selected as Group B．The changes of preoperative and postoperative immune indicators and infection indicators between the two groups of neonates were observed and compared．In addition，40 healthy neonates were selected during the same period，and the differences in immune and infection indexes between group A and healthy neonates were compared before discharge．Patients were followed up after discharge to observe postoperative complications and adverse reactions．Results  After surgery，the immune indexes（IgA，IgG，IgM）of the two groups（A and B） were higher than those before surgery，while the infection indexes（IL-6，PCT，TNF-α）were significantly lower than those before surgery．The levels of IgG and IgM in Group A were higher than those in Group B one day before discharge，and the differences were statistically significant（t=2.312，P=0.023；t=3.214，P=0.002）．In Group B，the levels of IL-6 on postoperative day two，postoperative day seven，and one  day  before discharge were significantly higher than in Group A．The differences were statistically significant（t=-4.252，P＜0.001；t=-3.383，P=0.001；t=-2.505，P=0.014）．By one day before discharge，the immune indicators and infection indicators of the infants in Group A were not significantly different from those of healthy newborns．No serious complications occurred among all surgical patients during their hospital stay until the enterostomy closure．Conclusions  Enterostomy has a good therapeutic effect on neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis，which can reduce the inflammatory response and improve the immune function of children to a certain exten，with better long-term effects and good safety．

       目的   探讨营养评估及炎症因子水平对非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）患者化学治疗（化疗）后感染及平均住院日的影响。方法   回顾性分析接受R-CHOP治疗的NHL患者95例。通过受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线确定患者主观整体营养评估（PG-SGA）预测患者化疗后感染的界值。将患者分为PG-SGA＜4组与PG-SGA≥4组，比较两组间营养及炎症相关指标的差异。采用单因素与多因素回归分析NHL患者化疗后感染及平均住院日延长的危险因素。结果  ROC曲线显示PG-SGA为3.5时，约登指数最大，预测NHL患者化疗后感染灵敏度为92%，特异度为11.1%。PG-SGA≥4组患者平均年龄、国际预后指数（IPI）及Ann arbor Ⅲ~Ⅳ期比例均高于PG-SGA＜4组（P＜0.05）。与PG-SGA＜4组相比，PG-SGA≥4组患者白介素6（IL-6）及中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）明显升高，且化疗后感染率及平均住院日≥5 d比例高于对照组（P＜0.05）；与对照组相比，PG-SGA＜4组患者前白蛋白、白蛋白和血红蛋白水平升高（P均＜0.05）。多因素回归分析显示，PG-SGA≥4及合并糖尿病是NHL患者化疗后感染率的独立危险因素（P均＜0.05）。白蛋白低于35 g/L及合并化疗后感染是NHL患者平均住院日延长的独立危险因素（P均＜0.05）。结论   基于PG-SGA的营养评估及炎症因子分析对NHL患者化疗后感染及平均住院日的预测具有临床指导意义。

       Objective  To explore the effects of nutritional assessment and inflammatory factor levels on post-chemotherapy infections and length of hospital stay in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma（NHL）．Methods  A total of 95 NHL patients treated with the R-CHOP regimen were retrospectively analyzed．The  cut-off  value  of  Patient-Generated  Subjective Global Assessment （PG-SGA） for post-chemotherapy infection in NHL patients was evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristic（ROC）curves．Patients were categorized into PG-SGA＜4 and PG-SGA≥4 groups and compared for differences of nutritional and inflammation-related factors．Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors for post-chemotherapy infection and length of hospital stay（LHS）．Results  The ROC curve showed that the Youden index was largest at PG-SGA of 3.5，which predicted post-chemotherapy infection in NHL patients with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 11.1%．The mean age，International Prognostic Index（IPI），and Ann Arbor stage Ⅲ~IV proportion in patients with PG-SGA≥4 were higher compared with the control（P＜0.05）．Patients with PG-SGA≥4 had significantly higher interleukin-6 and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio（NLR），and the infection rate and the proportion of LHS≥5 days after chemotherapy were higher than those in the control group（P＜0.05）．Patients in the PG-SGA＜4 group had significantly higher prealbumin，albumin，and hemoglobin levels compared to the PG-SGA≥4 group（P＜0.05）．Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that PG-SGA≥4 and combined diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors for post-chemotherapy infection rate in NHL patients（both P＜0.05）．Albumin less than 35 g/L and combined post-chemotherapy infection were independent risk factors for prolonged LHS in NHL patients（both P＜0.05）．Conclusions  PG-SGA nutritional assessment and inflammatory factor analysis are clinically instructive in predicting post-chemotherapy infections and LHS in NHL patients．

目的 探讨支气管镜灌洗用于儿童重症肺部感染合并肺实变的治疗效果及对CT特征、肺功能的影响。方法 选取2022年5月—2024年5月铜仁市人民医院收治的100例重症肺部感染合并肺实变患儿开展前瞻性研究,应用随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各50例。对照组患儿采取常规治疗,观察组则采取常规治疗加支气管镜灌洗治疗。对比其临床疗效,治疗前后炎症因子、CT特征及肺功能变化。结果 观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗后观察组患儿白细胞计数（10.36±2.52）×10⁹/L、白细胞介素-6（20.57±5.05）ng/L、C反应蛋白（13.12±2.64）mg/L、降钙素原（101.62±12.16）pg/L均低于对照组白细胞计数（13.25±3.32）×10⁹/L、白细胞介素-6（31.69±4.11）ng/L、C反应蛋白（16.16±4.44）mg/L、降钙素原（113.46±18.11）pg/L（P<0.05）;治疗后两组患儿胸腔积液、支气管壁增厚、空气支气管征、肺部实变、磨玻璃影等相关CT影像特征占比下降,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗后两组患儿呼气流量峰值水平均升高,观察组（90.67±18.45）L/s高于对照组（81.27±17.69）L/s,用力肺活量水平均更高,观察组（3.33±0.68）L高于对照组（2.68±0.25）L（P<0.05）。结论 针对儿童重症肺部感染合并肺实变,在常规治疗基础上增加支气管镜灌洗可提升临床疗效,减轻机体炎症反应,改善胸部CT各种表现及肺功能。

Objective To explore the therapeutic effects of bronchoalveolar lavage in children with severe pulmonary infection complicated by lung consolidation and its impact on CT features and pulmonary function．Methods A prospective study was conducted on 100 children with severe pulmonary infection complicated with pulmonary consolidation in a hospital from May 2022 to May 2024．They were randomly divided into observation group and control group using a random number table method,50 cases in each group．The control group of children received routine treatment,and the observation group received conventional treatment plus bronchoalveolar lavage．Clinical efficacy,inflammatory factors,CT features,and alterations in pulmonary function before and after therapy were compared．Results The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group（P<0.05）．After treatment,the white blood cell count（10.36±2.52）×10⁹/L,interleukin-6（20.57±5.05）ng/L,C-reactive protein（13.12±2.64）mg/L,and procalcitonin（101.62±12.16）pg/L in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group（13.25±3.32）×10⁹/L,interleukin-6（31.69±4.11）ng/L,C-reactive protein（16.16±4.44）mg/L,and procalcitonin（113.46±18.11）pg/L（P<0.05）．After treatment,the proportion of CT imaging features such as pleural effusion,bronchial wall thickening,air bronchogram sign,lung consolidation,ground glass opacities,decreased in both groups of children,and the observation group was lower than the control group（P<0.05）．After treatment,the peak levels of expiratory flow in both groups of children increased,with the observation group（90.67±18.45）L/s higher than the control group（81.27±17.69）L/s．The forced vital capacity levels were also higher,with the observation group（3.33±0.68）L higher than the control group（2.68±0.25）L（P<0.05）．Conclusions Adding bronchoalveolar lavage to routine treatment for children with severe pulmonary infection complicated with pulmonary consolidation can improve their clinical efficacy,alleviate inflammatory reactions,and improve various chest CT manifestations and lung function．

目的 探讨男性人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）基因分型感染情况。方法 收集采用聚合酶链式反应反向斑点杂交法进行28种HPV基因分型检测的1 137例男性检查结果,进行回顾性分析。结果 1 137例男性患者中阳性441例,阳性率为38.79%,感染率居前5位的亚型依次为HPV6（11.35%）、HPV11（7.92%）、HPV16（5.10%）、HPV52（3.52%）、HPV43（2.64%）;就诊人群以20~39岁为主,感染人数也最多,各年龄组间阳性率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,≥50岁组HPV52型阳性率高于20~29岁组（P<0.05）和30~39岁组（P<0.05）。单一感染占67.35%,多重感染占32.65%,单一感染中低危型占比最多（41.27%）,多重感染中,二重感染占比最多（19.50%）,高低危混合感染为各种类型感染之首（15.87%）。结论 1 137例样本中HPV阳性率为38.79%,感染亚型以HPV6、HPV11、HPV16、HPV52、HPV43为主,单一低危型感染较为常见,各年龄组间阳性率相近。

Objective To investigate the genotypes of human papillomavirus（HPV）infection．Methods A total of 1 137 male patients’ diagnoses were collected and analyzed retrospectively,which came from the detections using polymerase chain reaction reverse dot blot hybridization to genotype 28 HPV．Results Among 1 137 male patients,441 were HPV positive,with a positive rate of 38.79%,the infections of top five HPV types were HPV6（11.35%）,HPV11（7.92%）,HPV16（5.10%）,HPV52（3.52%）,HPV43（2.64%）．The majority of the patients were the 20-39 age group,and the number of infections was also the highest．There was no statistical significance on the difference in the positive rate among different age groups（P>0.05）．The positive rate of HPV52 in ≥50 years old group was higher than the groups of aged 20~29（P<0.05）and 30~39（P<0.05）．The single and multiple infections accounted for 67.35% and 32.65%．The low-risk HPV accounted for the highest proportion（41.27%）in single infections,while in patients with multiple infections,the proportion of dual infections was the largest（19.50%）and the high- and low-risk HPV mixed infections was the maximum of the infection types（15.87%）．Conclusions The detection rate of positive HPV in 1 137 male patients was 38.79%,mainly were type 6,type 11,type 16,type 52 and type 43,and the single low-risk HPV infected was common．Positive rates were similar among different age groups．