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论著

支气管镜灌洗对儿童重症肺部感染合并肺实变的应用效果及对 CT 特征、肺功能影响

Application effects of bronchoalveolar lavage in children with severe pulmonary infection complicated by lung consolidation and its impact on CT features and pulmonary function

:951-956
 
       目的   探讨支气管镜灌洗用于儿童重症肺部感染合并肺实变的治疗效果及对CT特征、肺功能的影响。法   选取2022年5月—2024年5月铜仁市人民医院收治的100例重症肺部感染合并肺实变患儿开展前瞻性研究,应用随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各50例。对照组患儿采取常规治疗,观察组则采取常规治疗加支气管镜灌洗治疗。对比其临床疗效,治疗前后炎症因子、CT特征及肺功能变化。结果   观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组患儿白细胞计数(10.36±2.52)×109 /L、白细胞介素-6(20.57±5.05)ng/L、C反应蛋白(13.12±2.64)mg/L、降钙素原(101.62±12.16)pg/L均低于对照组白细胞计数(13.25±3.32)×109 /L、白细胞介素-6(31.69±4.11)ng/L、C反应蛋白(16.16±4.44)mg/L、降钙素原(113.46±18.11)pg/L(P<0.05);治疗后两组患儿胸腔积液、支气管壁增厚、空气支气管征、肺部实变、磨玻璃影等相关CT影像特征占比下降,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组患儿呼气流量峰值水平均升高,观察组(90.67±18.45)L/s高于对照组(81.27±17.69)L/s,用力肺活量水平均更高,观察组(3.33±0.68)L高于对照组(2.68±0.25)L(P<0.05)。结论   针对儿童重症肺部感染合并肺实变,在常规治疗基础上增加支气管镜灌洗可提升临床疗效,减轻机体炎症反应,改善胸部CT各种表现及肺功能。
        Objective  To explore the therapeutic effects of bronchoalveolar lavage in children with  severe pulmonary infection complicated by lung consolidation and its impact on CT features and pulmonary function.Methods A prospective study was conducted on 100 children with severe pulmonary infection complicated with pulmonary consolidation in a hospital from May 2022 to May 2024.They were randomly divided into observation group and control group using a random number table method,50 cases in each group.The control group of children received routine treatment,and the observation group received conventional treatment plus bronchoalvelar lavage.Clinical efficacy,inflammatory factors,CT features,and alterations in pulmonary function before and after therapy were compared.Results  The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the white blood cell count(10.36±2.52)×109 /L,interleukin-6(20.57±5.05)ng/L,C-reactive protein(13.12±2.64)mg/L,and procalcitonin(101.62±12.16)pg/L in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group(13.25±3.32)×109 /L,interleukin-6(31.69±4.11)ng/L,C-reactive protein(16.16±4.44)mg/L,and procalcitonin(113.46±18.11)pg/L(P<0.05).After treatment,the proportion of CT imaging features such as pleural effusion,bronchial wall thickening,air bronchogram sign,lung consolidation,ground glass opacities,decreased in both groups of children,and the observation group was lower than the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the peak levels of expiratory flow in both groups of children increased,with the observation group(90.67±18.45)L/s higher than the control group(81.27±17.69)L/s.The forced vital capacity levels were also higher,with the observation group(3.33±0.68)L higher than the control group(2.68±0.25)L(P<0.05).Conclusions  Adding bronchoalvelar lavage to routine treatment for children with severe pulmonary infection complicated with pulmonary consolidation can improve their clinical efficacy,alleviate inflammatory reactions,and improve various chest CT manifestations and lung function.
学术前沿

戊型肝炎病毒感染诊疗的研究进展

Research progress on diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis E virus infection

:735-745
 
       戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)是导致急性肝炎的重要病原体,部分HEV感染者可进展为肝衰竭,此外,慢性感染和肝外表现可也在HEV感染者中发生。全球每年感染HEV的患者数达2000万,其中330万例患者有肝炎相关的临床症状,年死亡例数约为4.4万(2015年数据)。在我国,HEV以散发流行为主。近年来由于对其研究的重视,HEV病原学、流行病学、临床诊疗和预防取得较大的进展,文章拟对目前HEV防治热点以及新进展进行总结和分析。
       Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is an important pathogen that causes acute hepatitis.Some HEV-infected individuals 
may progress to liver failure.In addition,chronic infection(including liver fibrosis and cirrhosis)and extrahepatic manifestations can also occur in HEV infection.Worldwide,there are 20 million cases of HEV infection each year,with  3.3 million cases presenting clinical symptoms related to hepatitis,and an annual death toll of approximately 44,000(data from 2015).In China,HEV mainly present as sporadic outbreaks.In recent years,there has been significant progress in the pathogenesis,epidemiology,clinical diagnosis and treatment,and prevention of HEV.This review aims to summarize and analyze the current hotspots and new developments in the prevention and treatment of HEV.
论著

不同的复苏方式对感染性休克患者的应用效果

The application effect of different resuscitation methods on patients with septic shock

:675-680
 
       目的   探讨碳酸氢钠林格液联合乳酸靶向复苏对感染性休克患者的应用效果。方法   选取中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九八八医院2019年1月—2023年12月收治的80例感染性休克患者,应用随机数字表法将其分为观察组与对照组,均为40例。对照组患者采用复方氯化钠溶液进行液体复苏,观察组患者采用碳酸氢钠林格液联合乳酸靶向复苏。对比两组患者复苏前与复苏后24 h的静脉血氧饱和度(SvO2)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心脏指数(CI)、心率(HR)等相关生命体征变化,血乳酸、pH值、血钠(Na+ )、血氯(Cl- )、碳酸氢根离子(HCO3-)水平变化,对比两组患者症状体征消失时间、意识恢复时间、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、总住院时间及预后不良情况与并发症发生率。结果   复苏后两组SvO2、MAP、CI均升高,且观察组的SvO2为(73.62±6.24)%,MAP为(75.26±11.42)mmHg,CI为(3.62±0.66)min/m2 ,均高于对照组的(66.85±8.32)%、(68.51±8.37)mmHg 和(3.16±0.35)min/m2 ,而HR均降低,其中观察组为(113.26±12.37)次/分,低于对照组的(122.62±12.73)次/分,比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.117,P<0.001;t=3.015,P=0.003;t=3.894,P<0.001;t=3.335,P<0.001)。复苏后两组血乳酸、Cl- 均降低,pH值、Na+ 、HCO3-均升高,观察组血乳酸为(1.46±0.52)mmol/L,低于对照组的(2.25±0.32)mmol/L,比较差异有统计学意义(t=8.183,P<0.001),但两组pH值、Na+ 、Cl- 、HCO3-水平对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组症状体征消失时间为(2.34±0.58)d、意识恢复时间为(1.15±0.27)d、机械通气时间为(5.82±1.08)d、ICU住院时间为(11.85±2.28)d、总住院时间为(23.15±4.26)d,均低于对照组的(3.54±0.72)(2.95±0.34)(10.35±2.12)(15.12±3.23)(27.24±6.37)d,比较差异有统计学意义(t=8.209,P<0.001;t=26.221,P<0.001;t=12.042,P<0.001;t=5.231,P<0.001;t=3.376,P<0.001)。观察组多器官功能障碍综合征、肺水肿、脑水肿、再次休克、死亡等不良预后发生率低于对照组(7.50% vs32.50%;χ 2 =7.810,P=0.005)。结论   碳酸氢钠林格液联合乳酸靶向复苏可稳定感染性休克患者生命体征,降低乳酸水平,改善患者预后,缩短住院时间,且能够辅助降低患者不良预后发生率。
       Objective  To explore the application effect of sodium bicarbonate Ringer’s solution combined with lactate targeted resuscitation on patients with septic shock.Methods  A total of  80  patients with  septic  shock admitted to the  988 Hospital,Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army from January 2019 to December 2023 were selected and divided into observation group and control group by random number table method,with 40 cases in both groups.The control group was treated with compound sodium chloride solution for liquid resuscitation,and the observation group was treated with sodium bicarbonate Ringer’s solution combined with lactic acid for targeted resuscitation.The changes in SvO2,MAP,CI,HR,as well as changes in blood lactate,pH,Na+ ,Cl- ,and HCO3- levels were compared between two groups of patients before and 24 hours after resuscitation.The time for symptom disappearance,consciousness recovery,mechanical ventilation,and ICU hospitalization were compared between the two groups of patients,as well as total length of hospital stay,poor prognosis,and incidence of complications.Results  That the SvO2,MAP,and CI were elevated in both groups after resuscitation,and of the observation group (SvO2[73.62±6.24]%,MAP[75.26±11.42]mmHg,CI[3.62±0.66]min/m2 )was  higher than that of the control group ([66.85±8.32]%,[68.51±8.37]mmHg,[3.16±0.35]min/m2 ),the HR was decreased in all cases,the observation group(113.26±12.37)times/min was lower than the control group(122.62±12.73)times/min,the difference was statistically significant(t=4.117,P<0.001;t=3.015,P=0.003;t=3.894,P<0.001;t=3.335,P<0.001).After resuscitation,both groups blood lactate and Cl-  were decased,pH value,Na+ ,and HCO3- increased,and the observation group blood lactate(1.46±0.52)mmol/L was lower than the control group(2.25±0.32)mmol/L,the difference was statistically significant(t=8.183,P<0.001).But the comparison of pH value,Na+ ,Cl- ,and HCO3- levels between the two groups was not different(P>0.05).Time of disappearance(2.34±0.58)d,time of consciousness(1.15±0.27)d,time of mechanical ventilation(5.82±1.08)d,length of ICU stay(11.85±2.28)d and total length of stay([23.15±4.26]d,[3.54±0.72]d,[2.95±0.34]d,[10.35±2.12]d,[15.12±3.23]d,[27.24±6.37]d),the difference was statistically significantt=8.209,P<0.001,t=26.221,P<0.001,t=12.042,P<0.001;t=5.231,P<0.001;t=3.376,P<0.001).The incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,pulmonary edema,cerebral edema,reshock,and death in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(7.50% vs 32.50%;χ 2 =7.810,P=0.005,P<0.05).Conclusions  The combination of sodium bicarbonate Ringer’s solution and lactate targeted  resuscitation can improve the vital signs of septic shock patients,reduce lactate levels,significantly improve patient prognosis,shorten hospital stay,and assist in reducing the incidence of complications and mortality.
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