目的 探讨无症状感染者在新冠肺炎家庭聚集性疫情中的传播风险,分析家庭聚集性疫情中所有患者的住院治疗情况,为防控策略和治疗方案制定提供依据。方法 通过现场流行病学调查获得旅居史和暴露危险因素,并收集临床治疗资料,利用统计软件进行作图和分析。结果 指示病例的潜伏期为15天,其余4名家庭成员的潜伏期为1～15天,其中指示病例作为无症状感染者,在感染后第4～6天内具有传染性相继导致4名成员感染;指示病例携带病毒8天以上,其余4人从2天到31天不等; 症状持续时间5~20天,住院期间共进行CT检查次数为4～10次,肺部炎症最快在住院第三天好转。发病初期只有1个病例出现白细胞、淋巴细胞降低。发病到就诊和住院的时间间隔为1～10天,平均住院时间为23.4天。结论 无症状感染者在家庭聚集性疫情传播中具有关键作用,难以及时发现,存在较大传播风险,为新冠肺炎疫情防控带来较大难度。

Objective To study the transmission risk of asymptomatic patient in a family-clustered outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia, analyze the hospitalization,and provide a basis for prevention strategies and treatment plan. Methods We collected the information about residence history and exposure risks by onsite epidemiological investigation, and collected clinical treatment-related data, used statistical software for mapping and analysis. Results The incubation period of the indicated case was 15 days, and the incubation period of the remaining four family members were 1-15 days. The indicated case as an asymptomatic patient had infectious succession within 4-6 days after infection,and four family members were infected one after another. The indicated case carried the virus for more than 8 days, and the remaining 4 patients ranged from 2 to 31 days. The duration of symptoms was 5-20 days of all 5 patients, and the number of CT examinations during hospitalization was 4-10 times. The pulmonary inflammation was improved on the third day of hospitalization at best. In the early stage of the disease, only one patient had leukopenia and lymphopenia decreased. The interval between onset and hospitalization was 1-10 days for five family members, with an average hospitalization time of 23.4 days. Conclusion The asymptomatic infected patient of COVID-19 plays a key role in the family convergence epidemic transmission. The symptoms are inapparent, so it is difficult to find in time. It will cause the risk of infection and increase the difficulty of COVID-19 prevention and control.

目的 总结一种新的技术在心脏术后纵隔感染的应用经验。方法 回顾性分析2017年2月—2019年6月15日心脏术后发生纵膈感染成人患者,共有5例(1.2%),其中男性4例,女性1例,平均年龄(49±19)岁,平均体质量(70±15)kg,2例为急性A型主动脉夹层,2例为冠心病,1例为感染性心内膜炎合并白塞氏病,患者确诊后出现创面感染重、分泌物多,行VSD(负压封闭引流)进行过渡治疗,待创面清洁、肉芽新鲜后入手术室行清创术,术中4例采用SternaLock胸骨固定系统进行固定,1例因未累及至胸骨后,仅在胸骨前方行清创缝合。结果 4例完全治愈并顺利出院,1例因出现多器官功能衰竭死亡,但伤口愈合良好。结论 通过VSD引流增加了胸骨血流,加速肉芽组织形成,防止感染进一步加重,稳定胸骨,为进一步清创创造了良好的基础,同时运用SternaLock^®胸骨固定系统(8孔型钛板及2.4 mm自钻锁螺钉)进行固定,明显增加了胸骨的稳定性,进一步改善患者预后。

Objective To summarize the application experience of a new technique in mediastinal infection after cardiac operation. Methods A retrospective analysis of adult patients with mediastinal infection after cardiac surgery from February 2017 to June 15, 2019 were taken including a total of 5 cases (1.2%), of which 4 were male and 1 was female, with an average age (49±19) years old, average weight (70±15) kg;2 cases had acute type A aortic dissection, 2 cases had coronary heart disease, 1 case had infective endocarditis with Behcet's disease. After diagnosed, the patients developed severe wound infection and excessive secretion. VSD (vacuum sealing drainage) was performed for transitional treatment. After the wounds were cleaned and the granulation were still fresh, the wounds were for debridement in the operating room. During the operation, 4 cases were fixed with the SternaLock^® plating system, and 1 case was only treated with debridement and suture in front of the sternum because it did not involve the sternum. Results Four cases were cured and discharged smoothly, and 1 case died due to multiple organ failure, but the wound healed well. Conclusion The VSD increased sternum blood flow, which accelerated the granulation tissue formation, further to prevent infection and stable sternum, create a good foundation for further debridement, meanwhile the SternaLock ^® plating system(consists of eight pass since the titanium plate and 2.4 mm drill lock screw) was used for fixation, which significantly increased the stability of the sternum, further improved the prognosis of patients.

目的 探讨血培养分离菌的分布特点及耐药性,为临床科室诊治血流感染疾病和控制感染提供重要的参考依据。方法 收集某院2016—2020年血培养阳性样本,采用细菌鉴定和药敏分析系统检测,用WHONET 5.6软件进行病原菌分布特点及药敏结果的整理分析。结果 从血培养阳性标本分离出非重复菌3 424株,主要来自老年病科、危重症监护室、急诊留观室等。其中革兰阴性菌1 873株,常见有大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌等。近五年超广谱β-内酰胺酶革兰阴性耐药菌呈缓慢上升趋势,其余耐药菌变化趋势不大。革兰阴性菌对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、庆大霉素、妥布霉素、阿米卡星等总体耐药率均＜30%。革兰阳性菌1 328株,主要是葡萄球菌属,对达托霉素、替加环素均无耐药,对利奈唑胺、万古霉素、替考拉宁耐药率处于较低水平,对复方新诺明和克林霉素等的耐药率近五年呈缓慢下降趋势。结论 血流感染主要常见分离菌为肠杆菌属和葡萄球菌属,临床应重视早期规范血培养和药敏结果,科学合理规范使用抗菌药。

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of isolates from blood culture, and to provide important reference for the diagnosis and treatment of bloodstream infection and infection control in clinical practice. Methods Positive blood culture samples of a hospital from 2016 to 2020 were collected and detected by bacteria identification and drug sensitivity analysis system. The distribution characteristics of pathogenic bacteria and drug sensitivity results were analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software. Results A total of 3 424 non-repeating strains were isolated from positive blood culture specimens, which were mainly from geriatrics department, critical care unit, emergency observation room, etc.Among them, 1 873 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were found, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In recent five years, the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases Gram-negative drug resistant bacteria was slowly increasing, while other drug resistant bacteria showed little change. The overall drug resistance rates of Gram-negative bacteria to cefoperazone/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, gentamicin, tobramycin and amicacin were all less than 30%. There were 1 328 Gram-positive strains, mainly Staphylococcus, showed no resistance to datoromycin and tegacycline, and the resistance rates to linezolid, vancomycin and teicolanin were at a low level, while the resistance rates to cotrimoxazole and clindamycin showed a slow declining trend in recent five years. Conclusion Enterobacteria and Staphylococcus were the most common isolates of bloodstream infection. In clinical practice, attention should be paid to the early blood culture and drug sensitivity results, and the antimicrobial drugs should be used scientifically and rationally.

目的 分析高龄呼吸道感染患者病原菌检测结果及耐药性情况,总结高龄呼吸道感染患者抗菌药物的合理用药经验。方法 对我院2018年1月—2020年12月收治的784例高龄呼吸道感染患者痰液标本进行病原菌培养及药敏试验,统计分析检测结果。结果 701株病原菌中,革兰阴性(G-)菌、革兰阳性(G+)菌和真菌分别检出497株、136株和68株,分别占70.90%、19.40%和9.70%。G-菌以肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌和奇异变形杆菌为主,分别占21.97%(154株)、18.97%(133株)、14.98%(105株)和7.13%(50株),G+菌以金黄色葡萄球菌为主,占11.27%(79株)。G-菌耐药性前五位依次为氨苄西林、哌拉西林、复方磺胺甲噁唑、头孢唑啉和头孢他啶,耐药率依次为95.96%、85.11%、79.88%、77.06%和52.92%。G+菌耐药性前五位依次为青霉素、氨苄西林、红霉素、环丙沙星和复方磺胺甲噁唑,耐药率依次为95.59%、89.71%、84.56%、80.15%和75.00%。结论 高龄呼吸道感染患者病原菌构成以肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、奇异变形杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为主,G-菌对氨苄西林、哌拉西林、复方磺胺甲噁唑、头孢唑啉和头孢他啶耐药最强,G+菌对青霉素、氨苄西林、红霉素、环丙沙星和复方磺胺甲噁唑最强,且呈多重耐药特征,加强临床耐药性监测有助于指导合理用药。

Objective To analyze the test results and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in elderly patients with respiratory tract infections, and summarize the rational use of antibiotics in elderly patients with respiratory tract infections. Methods The sputum samples of 784 elderly patients with respiratory tract infections admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were collected for pathogen culture and drug sensitivity test, and the test results were statistically analyzed. Results Among 701 strains of pathogenic bacteria, 497 strains were Gram-negative (G-) bacteria (70.90%), 136 strains were Gram-positive (G+) bacteria (19.40%) and 68 strains were fungi (9.70%). G-bacteria were mainly Klebsiellapneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis, accounting for 21.97% (154 strains), 18.97% (133 strains), 14.98% (105 strains) and 7.13% (50 strains). G+bacteria were mainly Staphylococcus aureus, accounting for 11.27% (79 strains). The top five antibiotics which G-bacteria resisted were ampicillin, piperacillin, compound sulfamethoxazole, cefazolin and ceftazidime.The resistance rates were 95.96%, 85.11%, 79.88%, 77.06% and 52.92%,respectively. The top five antibiotics which G+bacteria resisted were penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and compound sulfamethoxazole, and the drug resistance rates were 95.59%, 89.71%, 84.56%, 80.15% and 75.00%, respectively. Conclusions The pathogenic bacteria in elderly patients with respiratory tract infections were mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus. G-bacteria resisted ampicillin, piperacillin,compound sulfamethoxazole, cefazolin and ceftazidime the most. G+bacteria were most resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and compound sulfamethoxazole, and were characterized by multi-drug resistance.Enhancing bacterial resistance monitoring helps guiding the rational use of drugs.

目的 探讨睫毛蠕形螨感染与睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian gland dysfunction,MGD)发生的相关性,并分析睫毛蠕形螨感染对MGD患者眼表症状跟体征的影响。方法 前瞻性队列研究。选取2018年7月—2019年3月在广州市第一人民医院眼科门诊诊断为MGD患者47例,按照年龄将MGD患者分别纳入MGD＜40岁组(A₁组,28例)和MGD＞60岁组(B₁组,19例)。根据蠕形螨检测结果将MGD患者分别纳入蠕形螨检出阳性组(Ⅰ组,22例)与蠕形螨检出阴性组(Ⅱ组,25例)。同时,选取无MGD正常人或仅患屈光不正、玻璃体混浊的患者共49例,按照年龄将其分别纳入NMGD＜40岁组(A₂组,30例)和NMGD＞60岁组(B₂组,19例)。主要统计受试者眼部症状(眼痒、眼痛、眼干、异物感、视物模糊)发生率、睫毛蠕形螨检出数量及检出率、睑板腺排出能力评分、睑板腺分泌物性状评分及眼表疾病指数(Ocular Surface Disease Index,OSDI)。结果 MGD＜40岁组(A₁组)与NMGD＜40岁组(A₂组)睫毛蠕形螨检出数量分别为(1.14±1.938)、(0.17±0.531)只,差异有统计学意义(P=0.003,＜0.05),睫毛蠕形螨检出阳性率分别为43%、10%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.006,＜0.05);MGD＞60岁组(B₁组)与NMGD＞60岁组(B₂组)睫毛蠕形螨检出数量分别为(1.89±2.331)、(0.68±1.529)只,差异没有统计学意义(P＞0.05),睫毛蠕形螨检出阳性率分别为53%、21%,差异没有统计学意义(P＞0.05); MGD患者睫毛蠕形螨检出阳性组(Ⅰ组)与MGD患者睫毛蠕形螨检出阴性组(Ⅱ组)睑板腺分泌物性状评分分别为(3.00±1.11)、(2.28±1.28),差异有统计学意义(P＝0.047,＜0.05);Ⅰ组OSDI、睑板腺排出能力评分、眼干、眼痛、眼痒、异物感以及视物模糊发生率与Ⅱ组相比,差异均不具有统计学意义(P＞0.05);MGD组文化水平与NMGD组相比,差异没有统计学意义(P=0.382,＞0.05)。结论 首先,在40岁以下人群中,睫毛蠕形螨与MGD形成有一定相关性;而在60岁以上人群中,相较于其他影响因素,睫毛蠕形螨对MGD形成的作用并不显著,表明睫毛蠕形螨对MGD形成的影响主要体现在中青年时期,且随着年龄增长,二者之间的关联性进一步降低。另外,睫毛蠕形螨感染与MGD患者发生眼痛、眼干、眼痒、异物感以及视物模糊这些眼部症状和睑板腺分泌功能受损没有相关性。

Objective To investigate the correlation between eyelash Demodex infection and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and to analyze the effect of eyelash Demodex infection on ocular surface symptoms and signs in patients with MGD. Methods Prospective cohort study. 47 patients with MGD diagnosed in the ophthalmology clinic of Guangzhou First People's Hospital from July 2018 to March 2019 were selected. The MGD patients were assigned to the MGD＜40 years old group (A₁ group, n=28) and MGD＞60 years old Group (B₁ group, n=19) according to the age. According to the Demodex test results, MGD patients were assigned to the Demodex-positive group (I group, n=22) and the Demodex-negative group (II group, n=25). At the same time, 49 patients without MGD or only with ametropia and vitreous opacity were selected and assigned to the NMGD＜40 years old group (A₂ group, n=30) and NMGD＞60 years old group (B₂ group, n=19) according to their age. The incidence of ocular symptoms (itchiness, pain, dryness, foreign body perception, and blurred vision), the number and rate of detection of eyelash Demodex, meibomian gland ejection score, meibomian gland secretion score, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) were analyzed. Results The number of eyelash Demodex was (1.14±1.938) in MGD＜40 years old group (A₁ group) and (0.17±0.531) in NMGD＜40 years old group (A₂ group). The difference in the number of eyelash Demodex between these two groups was found to be statistically significant (P=0.003,＜0.05). The positive rate of eyelash Demodex was 43 % in MGD＜40 years old group (A1 group) and 10% in NMGD＜40 years old group (A₂ group). The difference in the positive rate of eyelash Demodex between these two groups was found to be statistically significant (P=0.006,＜0.05). The number of eyelash Demodex in MGD＞60 years old group (B₁ group) was (1.89±2.331) and in NMGD＞60 years old group (B₂ group) was (0.68±1.529). The difference in the number of eyelash Demodex between these two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05). The positive rate of eyelash Demodex was 53 % in MGD＞60 years old group (A₁ group) and 21% in NMGD＞60 years old group (A₂ group). The difference in the positive rate of eyelash Demodex between these two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The score of the meibomian gland secretion in the MGD with eyelash Demodex group (I Group) was (3.00±1.11) and in the MGD without eyelash Demodex group (II group) was (2.28±1.28). The difference in the score of the meibomian gland secretion between these two groups was found to be statistically significant (P=0.047<0.05). The differences of the OSDI score, the meibomian gland discharge ability score, the incidence rate of dry eye, eye pain, eye itching, foreign body sensation and blurred vision between these two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The difference in the culture level between the MGD group and the NMGD group was not statistically significant (P=0.382, >0.05). Conclusion First, in the population under 40 years old, eyelash Demodex is correlated with MGD. Then in the population over 60 years old, the effect of eyelash Demodex on the formation of MGD compared with other influencing factors is not significant. The results indicated that the effect of eyelash Demodex was mainly reflected in the middle and young age, and the correlation between them was further reduced with the increase of age. In addition, in MGD patients, eyelash Demodex infection was not significantly correlated with the incidence of eye pain, eye dryness, eye itching, foreign body sensation, and blurred vision, as well as the degree of impairment of meibomian gland secretion function.

目的 通过对广东地区流行季节的发热新生儿肠道病毒感染临床特点及高危因素探讨,对高危患儿采取有效防治措施。方法 以2019年5月—10月广东省妇幼保健院门诊因发热收治入院的诊断为肠道病毒感染28例新生儿为研究对象,回顾性分析这些患儿的临床资料,分析新生儿肠道病毒感染的高危因素。结果 因发热收治入院的新生儿检测后肠道病毒感染发病率达38.3%,热峰高于38.5℃,发热持续时间大于3 d、细菌培养阴性是新生儿肠道病毒感染的高危因素。结论 在肠道病毒流行季节,对发热新生儿均应常规进行肠道病毒检测,肠道病毒感染患儿,经过有效的治疗后,能够取得较好的治疗效果,但需及时控制病毒的传播途径,针对相关危险因素进行有效的控制,从而降低发病率。

目的 本研究的目的在于通过非孕期与孕期妇女行胎儿纤维连接蛋白的检测对比,再次认识胎儿纤维连接蛋白在早产预测中的价值,是否能有效的预测早产。方法 通过对180例非孕妇女行fFN检测,同时进行白带感染方面的检测,从而判断两者是否具有相关性,同时通过对150例中晚孕妇女于20～34周行fFN检测,判断其在预测早产发生方面的临床应用价值。结果 在180例非孕妇女,发生生殖道感染的患者fFN阳性率增高,与fFN阴性者有差异;在150例中晚孕妇女当中,患者于7天内分娩的敏感度,特异度,阳性预测价值,阴性预测价值为85.7%,69.33%,13.33%,99%。14天内分娩的敏感度,特异度,阳性预测价值,阴性预测价值为80％,68.67%,17.78%,99%。结论 由于 fFN检测易受生殖道感染及其他多种因素干扰,故其在早产预测中的准确性有限。

介绍我院应对新型冠状病毒感染防控工作的护理管理措施,包括发热病区的组建,护理应急队伍的建设,工作流程指引的修订和完善,院感防护措施的严格落实,后勤保障的严密管理等,并进行护理质量控制与持续改进,为其他医院的防控工作提供借鉴。

It introduces nursing management measures of novel coronavirus infection prevention and control in our hospital, including the establishment of fever ward, the construction of nursing emergency team, the revision and improvement of working process guidelines, the strict implementation of hospital sensory protection measures, tight management of logistical support, and quality control and continuous improvement of nursing. It offers experiences for other hospitals.

目的 探讨阿莫西林克拉维酸钾干混悬剂(7:1)联合胸腺肽治疗支气管哮喘合并肺部感染患儿的临床疗效。方法 选取我院支气管哮喘合并肺部感染患儿102例,依照治疗方案不同分为研究组(n=51)、常规组(n=51)。常规组采用M胆碱受体阻断剂联合阿莫西林克拉维酸钾干混悬剂(7:1)治疗,研究组于常规组基础上采用胸腺肽治疗,统计比较两组临床疗效、随访3个月复发率及治疗前后血清炎性因子[白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]水平、肺功能指标[第1 s用力呼气容积(FEV₁)、第1 s用力呼气容积/用力肺活量(FEV₁/FVC)]。结果 研究组治疗总有效率94.12%高于常规组80.39%(P＜0.05);治疗2周后研究组FEV₁、FEV₁/FVC水平高于常规组,血清IL-6、TNF-α水平低于常规组(P＜0.05);研究组复发率3.70%(1/27)与常规组11.11%(2/18)比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 阿莫西林克拉维酸钾干混悬剂(7:1)联合胸腺肽治疗支气管哮喘合并肺部感染患儿疗效显著,可降低患儿炎症反应、改善肺功能。

目的 探讨C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、中性粒细胞计数(NC)及中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)在肺癌患者化疗后合并细菌感染早期诊断中的意义。方法 收集本院肿瘤科2019年1月—2019年12月肺癌化疗后合并细菌感染患者78例,肺癌化疗后未感染患者64 例,同期健康体检人群39例,采用固相免疫色谱法和速率散射比浊法测定血清中的PCT及CRP 的含量,采用mindray cal8000血细胞分析仪进行血细胞分类计数检查,计算N及NLR。结果 化疗后感染组CRP、PCT、NC及NLR均高于化疗未感染组及健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);化疗未感染组与健康对照组CRP、PCT、NC及NLR差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。CRP、PCT、NC及NLR联合使用时,其灵敏度为97.507%,而特异度升高为97.15%。细菌感染患者治疗前的PCT、CRP、NC及NLR 与治疗后相比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗后低于治疗前。结论 PCT、CRP、NC及NLR联合检测能够提高对肺癌患者化疗后合并细菌感染早期诊断的敏感度和特异度。

Objective To explore the significance of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), neutrophil count (NC) and neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the early diagnosis of bacterial infection in lung cancer patients after chemotherapy. Methods From January 2019 to December 2019, 78 cases of lung cancer patients with bacterial infection after chemotherapy, 64 cases of uninfected patients after chemotherapy and 39 cases of healthy people in the same period were collected. the contents of PCT and CRP in serum were detected by solid phase immunosorbent assay and rate nephelometry.The NC and NLR were classified and counted by mindray cal8000 hematology analyzer. Results After chemotherapy, CRP, PCT, NC and NLR in the infected group were higher than those in the uninfected group and the healthy control group (P<0.01), while CRP, PCT, NC and NLR in the uninfected group were higher than those in the healthy control group (P<0.01). When CRP, PCT, NC and NLR were used together, the sensitivity was 97.507%, while the specificity increased by 97.15%. The PCT, CRP, NC and NLR of patients with bacterial infection before treatment were lower than those after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion PCT, CRP, NC and NLR may improve the sensitivity and specificity of early diagnosis of bacterial infection in patients with lung cancer after chemotherapy.