目的 研究核磁共振(MR)引导的海马保护技术应用于小细胞肺癌全脑放射治疗(放疗)的效果。方法 对确定行全脑放疗的30例小细胞肺癌脑转移患者,行常规放疗CT定位后以定位体位行全头颅MR平扫,将计算机断层扫描(CT)和MR的T1加权像在Monaco 5.1计划系统上进行精准融合,勾画全脑放疗及海马区域,在海马区域三维方向上分别外扩5、15 mm作为海马与计划靶区之间的剂量跌落,每一例患者在Monaco 5.1计划系统上按照不保护海马组织以及外扩5、15 mm进行保护设计3个容积旋转调强技术(VMAT)放疗计划,观察海马组织的平均及最大放疗剂量。结果 增加保护海马组织之后,3个放疗计划的D100均≥95%,每例的3个放疗计划间D100比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);设置外扩5、15 mm的剂量跌落区后,左、右海马的平均剂量、最大剂量均明显降低,而且3个放疗计划的海马平均剂量、最大剂量之间对比差异有统计学意义。结论 小细胞肺癌脑转移患者进行全脑放疗时,利用MR引导的海马保护技术并设置外扩15 mm的剂量跌落区,能够显著降低海马的剂量,达到保护目的。
Objective To explore the application of MR guided hippocampal avoidant whole brain radiotherapy(WBRT)for small cell lung cancer(SCLC).Methods Thirty SCLC patients with brain metastases who underwent WBRT were enrdled.After routine CT localization was performed,and a head MR was performed in a the same position.T1 weighted images of MR and CT images were accurately fused on the Monaco 5.1 planning system.The entire brain tissue and hippocampus region were delineated.The dose drop areas between the hippocampusand the planned target area were expanded 5mm and 15mm in the three-dimensional direction of the hippocampus,respectively.Three volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT)radiotherapy plans were designed for each patient on the Monaco 5.1 planning system based on whether the hippocampal tissue was avoid.The average and maximum doses of hippocampal tissue were observed.Results After the avoidance of hippocampal tissue,the D100 of the three radiotherapy plans reached ≥95%,and there was no significant difference in D100 between the three radiotherapy plans in each case.After setting dose drop areas of 5mm and 15mm for external expansion,the average and maximum doses of the left and right hippocampus were significantly reduced,and there was a significant difference in the comparison between the average and maximum doses in the hippocampus of the three radiotherapy plans.Conclusions MR guided hippocampal avoidant technology and the setting of a 15 mm dose drop area can significantly reduce the dose to the hippocampus in patients with SCLC undergo whole brain radiotherapy.
随着糖尿病发病率不断攀升,人们逐渐聚焦于糖尿病合并骨质疏松。围绕此疾病,国内外学者开展了广泛而深入的研究,临床实践聚焦于两点:糖尿病的精准治疗和骨质疏松的有效干预。在确保血糖稳定的基础上,致力于抑制骨吸收、促进骨形成。在此治疗理念指导下,临床医生应当更加全面了解血糖管理与抗骨质疏松药物的作用机制并合理应用,更大程度改善患者的临床症状及预后。然而,药物作用机制复杂,联合应用存在潜在药物相互作用问题。未来研究方向包括探索更安全有效的联合治疗方案,更加精确化地治疗以提高临床疗效。文章分析了降糖药物及抗骨质疏松药物对疾病的疗效,并展望未来的研究方向,旨在为临床实践提供更为深刻与全面的指导。
As the incidence of diabetes mellitus continues to rise,people are also gradually focusing on diabetes mellitus combined with osteoporosis,which puts patients at a higher risk of fragility fracture.Scholars at home and abroad have conducted extensive and in-depth research around this condition,and clinical practice has focused on two points:first,the precise treatment of diabetes,and second,the effective intervention of osteoporosis.On the basis of ensuring blood glucose stabilization,we are committed to inhibiting bone resorption and promoting bone formation.Under the guidance of this therapeutic concept,we should have a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of action of blood glucose management and anti-osteoporosis drugs and apply them rationally,aiming to improve the clinical symptoms and prognosis of patients to a greater extent through dual intervention.However,the mechanism of action of different drugs is complex,and there are potential drug-drug interactions and safety issues associated with their combined use.Future research directions should include exploring safer and more effective combination therapies,developing novel drugs,and more precise and individualized treatments to improve clinical efficacy.This article analyzes the efficacy of glucose-lowering drugs and anti-osteoporosis drugs on the disease and looks forward to future research directions,aiming to provide more profound and comprehensive guidance for clinical practice.
胰源性门静脉高压(PSPH)是由脾静脉(SV)流通受阻引起的一种临床综合征,在临床较为罕见且对患者造成生命威胁,但却为门静脉高压唯一可治愈的类型。其主要发病诱因是胰腺原发疾病,通常为胰腺急(慢)性炎症、胰腺占位性病变和胰腺手术操作导致。1型孤立性食管胃底静脉曲张、脾大、脾功能亢进是PSPH的主要临床表现特征,其中食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血是PSPH最为严重的并发症;患者若表现为肝功能正常但出现原因不明脾肿大并伴有消化道出血症状,应考虑可能出现了PSPH。PSPH的治疗可分为胰腺原发病、门静脉高压及并发症的综合性诊治。本文旨在回顾PSPH的相关文献,对其有关临床诊断与治疗现状进行综述,以期指导医务工作者在临床中尽早发现PSPH并对患者及时有效治疗。
Pancreatic segmental portal hypertension(PSPH)is a clinical syndrome caused by spleen vein(SV)occlusion or stenosis.It is a rare and life-threatening hemorrhagic disease of the upper digestive tract,but it is the only curable type of portal hypertension.The main cause is primary pancreatic disease,which is usually due to acute or chronic pancreatic inflammation,pancreatic space-occupying lesions and pancreatic surgery.Type 1 isolated esophagogastric varices,splenomegaly and hypersplenism are the main clinical features of PSPH,and esophagogastric variceal bleeding is the most serious complication of PSPH.PSPH should be considered in patients with normal liver function but unexplained splenomegaly accompanied by gastrointestinal bleeding.The treatment of PSPH can be divided into a comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of primary pancreatic disease,portal hypertension and complications.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to review relevant literature of PSPH,the relevant clinical diagnosis and treatment status quo were summerized,in order to guide the medical workers in clinical PSPH,early detection and timely and effective treatment for patients.
目的 分析以信息-动机-行为技巧(IMB)模型为基础延续护理平台在帕金森病患者中的应用效果。方法 纳入河南省人民医院在2019年1月至2022年1月期收治的帕金森病患者96例进行研究,将其依据随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,均为48例,对照组均给予常规护理干预,观察组均给予以IMB模型为基础延续护理平台干预。比较两组主要照顾者干预前24 h(T0)和完成干预24 h(T1)内的心理状态评分、自我效能、希望水平、运动能力、肌张力、认知功能,并评估T1时刻的Barthel指数。结果 观察组患者T1时的汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)(16.64±2.57)分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)(16.38±1.69)分均低于对照组(20.65±1.68)(19.57±2.65)分(t=10.116、5.407,P<0.001),观察组患者T1时的自我效能(7.24±1.48)分、希望水平(44.51±4.07分)均高于对照组(6.02±1.74)(38.95±4.54)分(t=3.357、3.311,P<0.001),观察组患者T1时的运动能力评分(43.62±4.01)分高于对照组(39.17±5.25)分(t=4.715,P<0.001),肌张力评分(0.72±0.21)分低于对照组(1.13±0.52)分(t=5.118,P<0.001),观察组患者T1时刻的Barthel指数评估依靠帮助完成率(6.25%)、部分完成率(10.42%)低于对照组(25.00%)、(27.08%)(χ 2 =6.353、5.263,P<0.05),观察组患者T1时刻的命名能力(3.46±0.51)、延迟回忆(3.78±0.21)分、语言能力(3.29±0.48)分、注意力评分(3.95±0.10)分均高于对照组(2.91±0.98 )(3.21±0.96)(2.87±0.82)(3.76±0.05)分(t=3.698、3.675、3.846、4.305,P<0.001)。结论 以IMB模型为基础延续护理平台干预能够改善帕金森病患者的负性情绪,提升自我效能、希望水平,改善运动能力、肌张力、日常生活能力、认知水平。
Objective To analyze the application effect of the information motivation behavioral skills(IMB)model as a continuous care platform in Parkinson’s patients.Methods A study was conducted on 96 Parkinson’s patients enrolled in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2022.They were divided into a control group and an observation group based on a random number table method,with 48 patients in each group.The control group received routine nursing intervention,while the observation group received continuous nursing platform intervention based on the IMB model.The psychological state scores,self-efficacy,hope level,motor ability,muscle tone,cognitive function of the two main caregivers 24 hours before intervention(T0)and 24 hours after completion of intervention(T1),and evaluate the Barthel index at T1 time were compared.Results The Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)[(16.64±2.57)points] and Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)[(16.38±1.69 points)scores]of patients in the observation group at T1 were lower than those in the control group [(20.65±1.68)points,(19.57±2.65)points](t=10.116,5.407,P<0.001).The self-efficacy of patients in the observation group at T1 was(7.24±1.48)points.The hope level [(44.51±4.07)points] was higher than that of the control group [(6.02±1.74)points,(38.95±4.54)points](t=3.357,3.311,P<0.001).The motor ability score at T1 time in the observation group [(43.62±4.01)points] was higher than that in the control group [(39.17±5.25)points](t=4.715,P<0.001),and the muscle tone score [(0.72±0.21)points] was lower than that in the control group [(1.13±0.52)points](t=5.118,P<0.001).The Barthel index evaluation of patients in the observation group at T1 time relied on help completion rate(6.25%)and partial completion rate(10.42%),which were lower than those in the control group(25.00%)and(27.08%)(χ 2 =6.353,5.263,P=0.012,0.022).The naming ability [(3.46±0.51)points],delayed recall [(3.78±0.21)points],language ability [(3.29±0.48)points],attention scores [(3.95±0.10)points] were higher than the control group [(2.91±0.98)points,(3.21±0.96)points,(2.87±0.82)points,(3.76±0.05)points](t=3.698,3.675,3.846,4.305,P=<0.001,<0.001,<0.001).Conclusions Continuing nursing platform intervention based on the IMB model can improve the negative emotions,self-efficacy,hope level,motor ability,muscle tone,daily living ability,and cognitive level of Parkinson’s patients.
目的 评价不同间变性淋巴瘤激酶(ALK)抑制剂联合安罗替尼治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效。方法 收集ALK突变阳性NSCLC患者的临床资料,筛选服用ALK抑制剂疗效不佳再加用安罗替尼的病例。根据不同的用药方案分为阿来替尼+安罗替尼,塞瑞替尼+安罗替尼和克唑替尼+安罗替尼三个组别。记录患者联合用药前最近一次的影像学检查结果,并以此为基线按Recist1.1评价疗效,以病情进展、患者死亡、停药、改变治疗方案为终点计算各组患者的无事件生存期(EFS),收集肿瘤标志物、血常规和肝功、心功能、肾功能生化检测等指标数据,统计分析患者联合用药前后各项指标的变化。结果 经筛选,共纳入49例患者的临床数据。阿来替尼+安罗替尼组有23例,疾病控制率(DCR)为86.96%;平均EFS为(10.8±3.6)个月,中位EFS为8.3个月;塞瑞替尼+安罗替尼组有14例,DCR为71.43%;平均EFS为(6.5±2.9)个月,中位EFS为5.6个月;克唑替尼+安罗替尼组有12列,DCR为66.67%;平均EFS为(7.7±3.2)个月,中位EFS为7.2个月。阿来替尼+安罗替尼组的平均EFS长于另外两组(P<0.05)。各研究组肿瘤标志物仅有CyFra21-1在克唑替尼+安罗替尼组在联合用药后升高(P<0.05),生化检测和血常规指标在用药前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 ALK抑制剂与安罗替尼联用,疗效最好为阿来替尼,其次为塞瑞替尼,最后为克唑替尼。三种ALK抑制剂与安罗替尼联用后,均未导致心、肝、肾功能和血细胞损害。
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of different anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)inhibitors combined with anlotinib in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods Clinical data of drug resistant NSCLC patients with ALK positive mutation was collected who were treated with ALK inhibitors and anlotinib synchronously.According to different regimens,three groups were set,alectinib+anlotinib,ceritinib+anlotinib,and crizotinib+anlotinib.The latest imageological examination results of the patient before the synchronous therapy was set as the baseline to evaluate the therapeutic effect according to Recist1.1.The event free survival(EFS)of each group was calculated with disease progression,patient death,treatment discontinuation and changing regimen as endpoints.Data of tumor markers,hematology test,liver function,cardiac function,renal function biochemical examination was collected and analyzed statistically before and after the combination therapy,with P<0.05 as the statistically significant difference.Results After screening,clinical data of 49 patients were collected.Twenty-three patients in the alectinib+anlotinib group,with a disease control rate(DCR) of 86.96%;mean EFS was(10.8±3.6)months,median EFS of 8.3 months;14 patients in the ceritinib+anlotinib group,with a DCR of 71.43%,mean EFS was(6.5±2.9)months,median EFS was 5.6 months;12 patients in the crizotinib+anlotinib group,with a DCR of 66.67%,mean EFS was(7.7±3.2)months,median EFS was 7.2 months.EFS of alectinib+anlotinib group was longer significantly than the other two groups(P<0.05).Only CyFra21-1,increased significantly after the combination of crizotinib and anlotinib(P<0.05).No statistically significant difference in biochemical test and hematology test before and after the treatment(P>0.05).Conclusions The therapeutic effect of ALK inhibitors with anlotinib was ordered,alectinib being the most effective,followed by ceritinib and finally crizotinib.The combination of ALK inhibitors with anlotinib did not cause any abnormal results in the examination of heart,liver,kidney and blood cells.
目的 分析谷草转氨酶(AST)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)、糖类抗原125(CA125)以及甲胎蛋白(AFP)对肝硬化患者的诊断效能。方法 选择70例肝硬化患者为观察组研究对象,另取70例同期健康体检者为对照组。两组研究对象均接受生化检验、肿瘤标志物检验。对比两组研究对象的AST、CHE、CA125、AFP检测结果,分析上述指标对肝硬化患者的诊断效能。结果 观察组肝硬化患者的CHE低于对照组,AST、CA125与AFP高于对照组(P<0.05);AST与CHE在肝硬化诊断中具有良好的灵敏度、特异度;CA125联合AFP的灵敏度、特异度、符合率均高于CA125或AFP单独检验(P<0.05)。结论 AST、CHE、CA125、AFP在肝硬化患者临床诊断中具有良好的应用表现,是反映患者肝硬化病情进展的重要参考指标。
Objective To analyze the diagnostic efficacy of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),cholinesterase(CHE),carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125),and alpha fetoprotein(AFP)in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods A total of 70 patients with liver cirrhosis were included in the observation group as the study subjects,and 70 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as the control group.Both groups of research subjects underwent biochemical testing and tumor marker testing.The AST,CHE,CA125,and AFP detection results of two groups of research subjects were compared,and the diagnostic effect of the above indicators on patients with liver cirrhosis were analyzed.Results The CHE test results of patients with liver cirrhosis in the observation group were significantly lower than those of healthy individuals undergoing physical examination,and the AST,CA125,and AFP test results were higher(P<0.05).AST and CHE had good sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis.The sensitivity,specificity and coincidence rate of CA125 combined with AFP were higher than those of CA125 or AFP alone.Conclusions AST,CHE,CA125,and AFP have good clinical application performance in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis patients,and are important reference indicators reflecting the progression of liver cirrhosis in patients.
目的 挖掘使用美托洛尔后的药物不良事件(ADE),为临床合理用药提供参考意见。方法 对美国食品药品管理局(FDA)FDA药物ADE报告系统(FAERS)数据库进行信号挖掘,采用报告比值比法和比例报告比值法,分析FAERS数据库中2004年第1季度至2023年第2季度关于美托洛尔的ADE报告。结果 在FAERS数据库中收集到美托洛尔相关ADE共24 184例、667个阳性信号,共涉及27个系统器官分类。ADE严重报告共16 766(占69.33%),ADE报告频次排名前3的分别是头晕、心动过缓、呼吸困难。结论 美托洛尔的不良反应主要集中在全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应、心脏器官疾病和各类损伤。在使用美托洛尔过程中发生ADE时,应该及时采取相应的干预措施。
Objective To explore the adverse drug events(ADEs)after the use of metoprolol and provide reference opinions for clinical rational drug use.Methods Signal mining was conducted on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)database in the United States.The reporting ratio method and proportional reporting ratio method were used to analyze ADEs reports related to metoprolol in the FAERS database from the first quarter of 2019 to the second quarter of 2023.Results A total of 24 184 cases of metoprolol related ADEs were collected in the FAERS database,with 667 positive signals and a total of 27 system organ class involved.Conclusions The adverse reactions of metoprolol mainly focus on systemic diseases,various reactions at the administration site,heart organ diseases,and various injuries.It is recommended that timely intervention measures should be taken when ADE occurs during the use of metoprolol.
目的 研究羽毛球颠球运动对低年级小学生近视的改善效果,为制定儿童青少年近视干预方案提供依据。方法 采用方便抽样方法,抽取广州市1个城区1所小学三年级4个班共182名学生作为研究对象。基线调查完成后,以班为单位,采用随机数字表法将4个班分为干预组(2个班,91例)和对照组(2个班,91例),干预组安排羽毛球颠球项目体育活动,对照组按原教学计划安排非球类常规体育活动。比较两组干预前后筛查性近视率、视力不良率和近视进展程度。结果 干预前两组的年龄、性别、筛查性近视率、视力不良率及近视分级比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组干预后的等效球镜度数(SE)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组干预后的裸眼远视力(UDVA)低于干预组,△UDVA、△SE均高于干预组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组新发筛查性近视率29.13%、累积筛查性近视率49.45%、累积视力不良率68.13%及近视进展程度,均高于干预组新发筛查性近视率7.69%、累积筛查性近视率34.07%、累积视力不良率52.74%及近视进展程度,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 羽毛球颠球运动能降低低年级小学生视力不良进展速度,减少近视的发生率及近视程度,学校可结合引起近视的因素进行灵活应用,以预防近视的发生发展。
Objective To study the impact of badminton juggling on the myopia of lower-grade primary school students and to provide a basis for developing myopia intervention strategies for children and adolescents.Methods By using the convenience sampling method,182 third-grade students from four classes in a primary school in a district of Guangzhou were selected as subjects.After completing the baseline survey,the four classes were divided into an intervention group(2 classes,91 students)and a control group(2 classes,91 students)using a random number table.The intervention group was arranged to participate in badminton juggling sports activities,while the control group followed the original teaching plan without ball games.The study compared the screening rate of myopia,the rate of poor vision,and the degree of myopia progression before and after the study in both groups.Results On baseline,there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of age,gender,rate of screening myopia,poor vision,and myopia grading(P>0.05).After 12 months,there was no statistically significant difference in the spherical equivalent(SE) comparison between the two groups(P>0.05).However,the uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA) of the control group after 12 months was significantly lower than that of the intervention group,and both △UDVA and △SE were significantly higher than those of the intervention group,with all differences being statistically significant(P<0.05).Incidence of screening myopia in the control group (29.13%),the cumulative rate of screening myopia(49.45%),the cumulative rate of poor vision (68.13%),and the degree of myopia progression was significantly higher than those in the intervention group,which had incidence of screening myopia at 7.69%,the cumulative rate of screening myopia at 34.07%,cumulative rate of poor vision at 52.74%.All these differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions Badminton juggling can slow down vision deterioration,reduce the incidence and severity of myopia in lower grade primary school students.Schools can flexibly apply these findings in conjunction with factors that contribute to myopia to prevent its occurrence and development.