专家述评

帕金森病细胞替代治疗的现状及进展

Current status and advances in cell replacement therapy for Parkinson’s disease

:1611-1620
 
       帕金森病是全球第二大神经退行性疾病,其根本病理特征为中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元的退变死亡。目前临床一线治疗主要采用左旋多巴替代疗法,然而疗效有限且副作用显著。以补充多巴胺能神经元为基础的细胞替代疗法,能够从根本上解决神经元丢失的问题,具有长远的临床意义。细胞替代治疗的细胞最早来自于胎儿腹侧中脑组织,随着重编程技术的不断发展,已逐步转向人类胚胎干细胞和诱导多能干细胞体外分化的前体细胞。同时,直接在体内重编程,将胶质细胞转分化为多巴胺能神经元,也是一种具有应用潜力的策略。本文系统总结了近年来帕金森病细胞替代疗法的进展和面临的挑战,旨在为该疾病治疗新策略的研究提供参考和启示。
       Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide,characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta.Traditional treatments,primarily involving levodopa for dopamine replacement,offer limited efficacy and associated with significant side effects.Cell  replacement therapies aimed at replenishing dopaminergic neurons provide a promising long-term solution to neuronal loss,with  substantial clinical significance.The initial successful cellular source for transplantation in PD research was fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue.Nevertheless,advancements in  reprogramming technologies have increasingly favored the use of human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells.Additionally,direct in vivo reprogramming,converting glial cells into dopaminergic neurons,has emerged as an alternative strategy for cell replacement therapy.This  review  systematically  summarizes the  recent advances and challenges in cell replacement therapies for PD,with the aim of providing insights and guidance for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the PD.
医学教育

肌骨超声在慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛康复精准化教学中的应用研究

Application of musculoskeletal ultrasound in precise teaching for rehabilitation of chronic musculoskeletal pain

:1605-1610
 
       目的   探讨肌骨超声(MSUS)在慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛(CMP)康复精准化教学中的应用效果。方法   选取在广州市第一人民医院南沙医院康复医学科实习的43名大专及本科学生,对照组进行常规CMP康复精准化教学,MSUS组在常规教学基础上增加MSUS辅助教学。实习结束后,通过专业理论考试和实践考核观察教学效果,并以问卷调查学生对教学形式和效果的满意度。结果  MSUS组的理论考核成绩为(84.62±5.14)分,对照组为(81.45±6.21)分,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。MSUS组的实践考核成绩(4.71±1.06)分高于对照组(3.64±1.14)分(P<0.05)。问卷调查显示,MSUS组学生的总体满意度(35.24±3.43)高于对照组(32.64±3.98),P<0.05。其中,对于教学方法的满意度,MSUS组(9.81±0.60)高于对照组(8.82±1.18)(P<0.05);对于综合分析与实践能力的满意度,MSUS组(7.43±1.91)高于对照组(6.18±1.62)(P<0.05)。结论  MSUS教学在夯实学生专业基础知识、深化临床实践、提高综合分析能力和学习积极性方面具有显著优势,为精准化康复教学提供了有效手段。
       Objective  To explore the application effect of musculoskeletal ultrasound(MSUS)in the precise teaching of chronic musculoskeletal pain(CMP)rehabilitation.Methods  Forty-three college and undergraduate  students interning in Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Nansha Hospital,Guangzhou First People’s Hospital were selected,control group conducted conventional CMP rehabilitation teaching,and the MSUS group  received additional MSUS-assisted teaching on the basis of the conventional teaching.After the internship,the teaching effectiveness was observed through professional theoretical examinations and practical assessments,and a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate students’satisfaction with the teaching methods and outcomes.Results  The theoretical assessment score of the MSUS group were(84.62±5.14)and(81.45±6.21)of the control group,there was no difference between the two groups(P>0.05).The practical assessment scores of the MSUS group(4.71±1.06)were higher than those of the control group(3.64±1.14),and a significant difference was found between the two groups(P<0.05).The questionnaire survey showed that the overall satisfaction of the MSUS group students(35.24±3.43)was higher than that of the control group(32.64±3.97)(P<0.05).Among them,satisfaction with the teaching method was higher in the MSUS group(9.81±0.60)than in the control group(8.82±1.18)(P<0.05),satisfaction with comprehensive analysis and practical ability was also higher in the MSUS group(7.43±1.91)than in the control group(6.18±1.62)(P<0.05).Conclusions  MSUS teaching has significant advantages in consolidating students’basic professional knowledge,deepening clinical practice,improving comprehensive analysis ability and learning enthusiasm.It provides an effective means for precise rehabilitation teaching.
医院管理

基于压疮治疗方式的不同对 DRG 入组的特征与应用的研究

A study on the characteristics and application of DRG admission based on different treatment methods for pressure ulcers

:1599-1604
 
       目的   通过对压疮不同治疗方式的分析,探讨疾病诊断相关分组(DRG)组合的特征,提高核心疾病诊断相关组(ADRG)的入组率和提升相对权重值,从而提升医疗服务效率和水平。方法   使用医院DRGs分析评价系统以及EXCEL软件筛选出2023—2024年广州市第一人民医院主要诊断压疮疾病病例,分析ADRG组合的特征。结果   根据压疮疾病不同治疗方式,主要诊断为压疮(L89)的176病例进入相对的外科治疗组和内科治疗组,ADRG组分别为JD1组合、JJ1组合、JV1组合。JJ1组合治疗方案以创面封闭式负压引流为主;JD1组合的外科治疗方式均是以皮肤和皮下坏死组织的切除清创术+创面封闭式负压引流术(VSD)的手术治疗方案。JD13组、JD15组比JJ13组、JJ15组,相对权重分别高2.35和1.48。26例患者的住院时间均超过60 d,导致进入了QY组合。结论   利用好DRGs工具能有效地提高压疮的入组率,结合精细化的首页质量管理,提升DRGs的组合权重值及医疗服务效率和水平。
       Objective  To analyze  different treatment methods for  pressure  ulcers and explore the characteristics of Diagnosis-Related Groups(DRGs)to improve the admission rate of Adjacent DRGs(ADRGs)and enhance the  relative weight value,thereby improving the efficiency and level of medical services.Methods  Using the DRGs management system and EXCEL software,cases of pressure ulcer disease from Class A tertiary hospital in Guangzhou from 2023 to 2024 were selected,with pressure ulcers as the primary diagnosis,and analyzed the characteristics of ADRG combinations.Results  Based on different treatment methods for pressure ulcers,176 cases primarily diagnosed with pressure ulcers(L89)were categorized into  relative surgical and medical treatment groups,with ADRG groups being JD1,JJ1,and JV1 combinations.The JJ1 group’s treatment plan primarily focused on closed wound negative pressure drainage,the surgical treatment method for JD1 group involved skin and subcutaneous necrotic tissue excision and debridement surgery combined with closed wound negative pressure drainage(VSD).The  relative weights of JD13 and JD15 groups were 2.35 and 1.48,higher than those of JJ13 and JJ15 groups.Twenty-six cases had an average hospital stay exceeding 60 days,leading to their categorization into the QY group.Conclusions  Utilizing the DRG tool effectively improves the admission rate for pressure ulcer diseases.By combining it with refined quality management on the first page of medical records,the combination weight value of DRGs and the efficiency and level of medical services can be enhanced.
论著

超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞联合无阿片药全麻在腹腔镜子宫全切术中的应用

Application of ultrasound-guided transverse abdominis plane block combined with opioid-free general anesthesia in laparoscopic total hysterectomy

:1593-1598
 
       目的   探讨超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞(TAP)联合无阿片药全身麻醉(全麻)在腹腔镜子宫全切术中的应用效果。方法   选取武威市凉州医院2021年5月—2023年5月收治的60例择期行腹腔镜子宫全切术患者展开前瞻性研究,应用抽签法将其分为观察组与对照组,各30例。对照组患者实施常规阿片类药物全麻,观察组采用TAP联合无阿片药全身麻醉。对比两组患者入室后(T0)、切皮时(T1)、手术10 min后(T2)和手术结束即刻(T3)生命体征变化,麻醉后监测治疗室(PACU)恢复情况,术后1、4、8、12、24、48 h疼痛程度,最后对比其48 h内不良反应发生率。结果   两组T0、T1、T2、T3时间血氧饱和度(SpO2),T0、T3时间平均动脉压(MAP)、心率水平无明显变化,两组对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),T1、T2时间对照组MAP、心率升高,观察组T1、T2的MAP、心率均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组PACU停留时间、首次肛门排气时间明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后1、4、8、12、24、48 h活动时视觉模量表(VAS)评分与静息时VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后48 h内不良反应发生率比对照组更低(P<0.05)。结论   针对腹腔镜子宫全切术患者采取超声引下TAP联合无阿片药全麻可稳定患者术中生命体征,缩短患者术后恢复时间,减轻疼痛程度,且可降低术后48 h内不良反应发生率。
       Objective  To explore the application effect of ultrasound-guided transverse abdominis plane(TAP)block combined with opioid-free general anesthesia in laparoscopic total hysterectomy.Methods  A prospective study was conducted in 60 patients who underwent selective laparoscopic total hysterectomy in Wuwei Liangzhou Hospital from May 2021 to May 2023.They were divided into a observation group and a control group using a lottery method,30 cases in each group.The control group received routine opioid general anaesthesia,while the observation group received TAP in combination with opioid-free general anaesthesia.Comparing the changes of vital signs after invasion(T0),skin cutting(T1),10 min after operating(T2),the end of surgery(T3),and condition in the post-anesthesia care unit(PACU)after anesthesia,the pain degree at 1 h,4 h,8 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h after surgery,and the incidence of adverse reactions within 48 h.Results  There were no significant changes in blood SpO2,mean arterial pressure(MAP)and heart rate at T0,T1,T2 and T3 in both groups,and no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).MAP and heart rate increased in the control group at T1 and T2,while those in the observation group were lower than the control group(P<0.05).The observation group had significantly shorter PACU time and first anal exhaust time than the control group(P<0.05).VAS scores at 1 h,4 h,8 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h after surgery and VAS score at rest in the observation group were lower than in the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions within 48 h after surgery was lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions  Ultrasound guided TAP combined with opioid-free general anesthesia can stabilize intraoperative vital signs,shorten postoperative recovery time,alleviate postoperative pain,and reduce the incidence of anesthesia related adverse reactions within 48 hours for patients undergoing laparoscopic total hysterectomy.
论著

肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者心理僵化现状及其影响因素分析

Analysis of psychological rigidity and its influencing factors in patients with lung cancer and cancer pain

:1586-1592
 
      目的   探讨肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者心理僵化现状及其影响因素,为临床制定改善患者心理僵化的针对性干预措施以及提升患者生活质量提供参考依据。方法   采用便利抽样法,选取2023年10月—12月期间焦作市某三级甲等医院收治的肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查问卷、疼痛心理僵化量表(PIPS)、简易疾病感知问卷(BIPQ)、家庭功能问卷(APGAR)进行调查,采用Pearson相关性分析肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者心理僵化与疾病感知、家庭功能的关系。采用多元线性回归分析肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者心理僵化的影响因素。结果   本次研究共发放问卷152份,回收有效问卷150份,有效回收率为98.68%。150例肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者心理僵化量表总分为(61.66±2.85)分,回避型经验维度得分为(45.52±1.97)分,认知融合维度得分为(19.74±1.59)分。不同文化程度、家庭人均月收入、疼痛程度的肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者心理僵化得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示:肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者心理僵化总分、经验性回避维度得分、认知融合维度得分与疾病感知得分均呈正相关关系(P<0.001),与家庭功能得分均呈负相关关系(P<0.001)。多元线性回归结果显示:文化程度、家庭人均月收入、疾病感知、家庭功能是肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者心理僵化的影响因素(P<0.05),可解释肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者心理僵化43.9%的变异度。结论   肺癌伴癌性疼痛患者心理僵化处于较高水平,且受到文化程度、家庭人均月收入、疾病感知和家庭功能的影响,临床医护人员可从疾病感知、家庭支持等角度出发,采用认知干预、同伴支持等方法,加强对患者的健康教育,以缓解其对疾病的负性认知,从而缓解心理僵化,促进身心健康恢复。
       Objective  To explore the status and influencing factors of psychological  rigidity in patients with lung cancer and cancer pain,and to provide reference for clinical development of targeted interventions to improve patients’psychological rigidity andquality of life.Methods  The convenience sampling method was used to select patients with lung cancer and cancer pain who were admitted to a tertiary hospital in Jiaozuo City from October to December 2023 as the research object.The general data questionnaire,Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale(PIPS),Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire(BIPQ),and family function questionnaire(APGAR)were used to investigate.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between psychological rigidity and disease perception and family function in patients with lung cancer and cancer pain.Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of psychological rigidity in patients with lung cancer and cancer pain.Results  A total of 152 questionnaires were distributed in this study,and 150 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective recovery rate of 98.68 %.The total score of PIPS of 150 patients with lung cancer and cancer pain was(61.66±2.85),the score of avoidance experience dimension was(45.52±1.97),and the score of cognitive fusion dimension was(19.74±1.59).There were statistically significant differences in the scores of psychological rigidity among lung cancer patients with cancer pain with different educational levels,family per capita monthly income,and pain degree(P<0.05).The  results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the total score of PIPS,the score of empirical avoidance dimension and the score of cognitive fusion dimension were positively correlated with the score of disease perception(P<0.001),and negatively correlated with the score of family functionP<0.001).The results of multiple linear regression showed that education level,family per capita monthly income,disease perception and family function were the influencing factors of psychological rigidity in patients with lung cancer and cancer painP<0.05 ),which could explain 43.9 % of the variation of psychological rigidity in patients with lung cancer and cancer pain.Conclusions  The psychological rigidity of lung cancer patients with cancer pain is at a high level,and is affected by education level,family per capita monthly income,disease perception and family function.Clinical medical staff can use cognitive intervention and peer support from the perspective of disease perception and family support to strengthen the health education of patients,so as to alleviate their negative cognition of the disease,to alleviate the psychological rigidity and promote the recovery of physical and mental health.
论著

微波理疗联合康复训练对断指再植患者手指功能和日常生活能力的影响

Effect of microwave physiotherapy combined with rehabilitation training on finger function and daily living ability of patients with severed finger replantation

:1581-
 
       目的   探讨断指再植患者采用微波理疗联合康复训练的影响。方法   回顾性选取2022年1月—2023年12月于福州市第二总医院进行断指再植的患者,采用康复训练的50例患者纳入对照组,采用微波理疗联合康复训练的51例患者纳入观察组,对比两组干预1个月后的毛细血管反应情况、感知恢复情况、疼痛评分、手指功能及日常生活能力情况。结果   干预1个月后, 观察组患指的温度[(28.43±5.86)℃ vs (26.15±5.39)℃,t=2.025,P<0.001]、毛细血管反应[(9.76±2.63)cm/s vs(7.36±2.23)cm/s,t=4.922,P=0.046,]高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的英国医学研究委员会感觉评分[(15.79±3.75)分 vs(11.88±3.13)分,t=5.660,P<0.001]高于对照组;观察组第2周[(3.72±0.88)vs(4.39±0.92)分,t=3.721,P<0.001]、4周后[(2.67±0.32)分 vs(3.03±0.52)分,t=4.169,P=0.001]的视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的密歇根手功能量表(MHQ)评分[(61.05±10.68)分 vs(52.58±10.21)分,t=4.054,P<0.001]高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的生活质量综合评定表(GQLI-74)评分[(320.16±55.25)分 vs(270.85±50.06)分,t=4.677,P<0.001]高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的Barthel指数[(75.71±12.84)分 vs(68.58±12.23)分,t=2.843,P=0.005]高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论   微波理疗联合康复训练能够提高断指再植患者的手指功能,减轻患者疼痛,改善日常生活质量。
       Objective  To explore the effect of microwave physiotherapy combined with  rehabilitation training on finger function and daily living ability of patients with severed finger replantation.Methods  Patients who underwent replantation of severed fingers in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected retrospectively.Fifty patients who received rehabilitation training were included in the control group,51 patients who were intervened by microwave physiotherapy combined with rehabilitation training were included in the observation group.The blood circulation,sensory recovery,pain score,finger function and daily living ability of the two groups were compared.Results  The temperature([28.43±5.86]℃ vs [26.15±5.39]℃,t=2.025,P<0.001) and capillary reaction([9.76±2.63]cm/s vs [7.36±2.23]cm/s,t=4.922,P=0.046) of the affected fingers in the observation group were higher(P<0.05).The sensory score([15.79±3.75] vs [11.88±3.13],t=5.660,P<0.001)of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The visual analogue scale(VAS)scores of the observation group at the second week([3.72±0.88] vs [4.39±0.92],t=3.721,P<0.001) and four weeks later([2.67±0.32]vs [3.03±0.52],t=4.169,P=0.001)were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).The  score of Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnair(MHQ)([61.05±10.68] vs [52.58±10.21],t=4.054,P<0.001) in the observation group was higher(P<0.05).The GQLI-74 score([320.16±55.25] vs [270.85±50.06]) and Barthel index([75.71±12.84] vs[68.58±12.23],t=2.843,P=0.005)in the observation group were higher(P<0.05).Conclusions  Microwave physiotherapy combined with rehabilitation training can improve the finger function,relieve the pain and improve the quality of daily life of patients with severed fingers.
论著

广州番禺地区鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎的临床特征及疗效分析

Clinical characteristics and treatment efficacy of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia in Panyu district of Guangzhou

:1574-1580
 
        目的   分析广州番禺地区鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎患者临床表现、实验室及胸部CT特征、并发症以及治疗方案,为其临床诊治提供参考。方法   回顾性分析2022年1月—2024年7月在广州市番禺区何贤纪念医院通过二代测序技术确诊的10例鹦鹉热感染患者的临床资料。结果  5例(5/10)患者有明确的鸟类或禽类接触史,8例(8/10)患者以发热为首发症状,发热(10/10)、咳嗽、咳痰(10/10)、呼吸困难(7/10)、相对缓脉(8/10)是主要临床表现。患者白细胞计数通常正常或轻微升高;多数患者存在有不同程度的电解质紊乱(10/10)及肝功能损伤(8/10)、乳酸脱氢酶升高(8/10),白蛋白显著降低(8/10)和C反应蛋白显著升高(10/10)。最常见的胸部CT异常为多肺叶受累的斑片状或片状实变,而重症患者多合并双侧胸腔积液。大多数患者经四环素或喹诺酮类单用,或者四环素联用β-内酰胺类抗菌药物治疗,预后良好。结论   有鸟类或禽类接触史、以发热为首发或主要症状、存在相对缓脉、白细胞计数升高不明显等临床特征可有助于区分鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎与其他传统细菌性肺炎,但这并不能确诊。二代测序技术是确诊鹦鹉热衣原体感染的很好方法,可以缩短诊断延误时间并改善患者预后。
       Objective  To describe the clinical,laboratory and chest CT characteristics as well as the complications and treatments of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia patients in Panyu district of Guangzhou,to provide  reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods  A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical characteristics of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia patients who were diagnosed by next-generation sequencing in Panyu Hexian Memorial Hospital of Guangzhou form January 2022 to July 2024.Results  Half patients had a definite history of bird or poultry exposure.Fever(100%),cough,sputum(100%),dyspnea(70%),relative bradycardia(80%)were the main clinical presentation.The total white cell counts were usually normal or slightly increased.Most patients had electrolyte disturbance(100%),liver function impairment(80%),lactic dehydrogenase increased(80%),albumin decreased(80%)and C reactive protein increased remarkably(100%).The most common chest CT abnormality was patchy or flaky hyper densities and consolidation,bilateral pleural effusion was common in severe patients.All patient exhibited good recovery after being treated with tetracycline or quinolone alone,or tetracycline in combination with other antibiotics.Conclusions  These characteristics may help distinguish Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia from other traditional bacterial pneumonia,but they are not definitive.Next-generation sequencing may be a promising approach to confirm Chlamydia psittaciinfection,which can shorten the diagnostic delay time and improve the prognosis of patients.
论著

2022—2024 年江西省南昌市东湖区孕妇碘营养状况与食用碘盐监测分析

Survey on the iodine nutrition status and iodined salt monitoring of pregnant women in Donghu District, Nanchang City,Jiangxi Province from 2022 to 2024

:1569-1573
 
       目的   调查江西省南昌市东湖区孕妇2022—2024年碘营养状况与盐碘监测情况,为区域干预提供依据。方法   将江西省南昌市东湖区划分为东、南、西、北、中5个片区,每个片区随机抽取一个街道(管理处),于每年5月份随机抽取各街道(管理处)20名孕妇,每年共抽取100名孕妇,3年共计300名孕妇,采集其尿液样本和家中食用盐样本检测碘含量,以统计学方法进行分析。结果  3年来孕妇家庭食用盐碘含量中位数为23.02 mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率为98.67%,碘盐合格率为95.33%,3年的食用盐碘含量比较差异有统计学意义(H=38.545,P<0.05)。孕妇的尿碘水平中位数为115.15 μg/mL,3年来孕妇的尿碘水平中位数均低于150 μg/mL,有62.67%的孕妇碘缺乏,3年间的尿碘水平比较差异有统计学意义(H=9.392,P<0.05),其中2024年的尿碘水平中位数为140.00 μg/mL,校正后高于2022年(Z=2.693,P<0.0167)和2023年(Z=2.590,P<0.0167)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示孕妇尿碘水平与盐碘含量及碘盐质量均无相关性(均P0.05),孕妇碘营养状况与盐碘含量及碘盐质量均无相关性(均P>0.05),孕妇尿碘水平与碘营养状况正相关(rs=0.857,P<0.05),盐碘含量与碘盐质量正相关(rs=0.314,P<0.05)。结论   江西省南昌市东湖区2024年孕妇碘缺乏有所改善,但整体形势严峻,超半数的孕妇碘缺乏,食用碘盐基本符合国家消除碘缺乏病标准,但仍需改进。卫生部门要强化孕妇碘营养监测,向孕妇科普碘缺乏病知识,增强补碘意识,促其科学补碘。盐业监管部门需加大监管,严控碘盐质量,确保东湖区居民食盐合格。
       Objective  To investigate the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women and iodined salt monitoring in Donghu District,Nanchang City,Jiangxi Province from 2022 to 2024,and provide a basis for regional intervention.Methods  Donghu District was divided into five areas:East,South,West,North,and Central.A street(management office)was randomly selected from each area,and 20 pregnant women were randomly selected from each street(management office)in May each year.A total of 100 pregnant women were selected each year,for a total of 300 pregnant women over three years.Urine samples and household salt samples were collected to detect iodine content,and statistical analysis was conducted.Results  Over the past three years,the median iodine content in the cooking salt consumed by pregnant women’s families was 23.02 mg/kg,the iodized salt coverage rate was 98.67%,and the iodized salt qualification rate was 95.33%.There were differences in the iodine content of cooking salt in the three years(H=38.545,P<0.05).The median urinary iodine level of pregnant women was 115.15 μg/mL.In the past three years,the median urinary iodine levels of pregnant women were all lower than 150 μg/ml,and 62.67% of pregnant women were iodine-deficient.There were differences in the urinary iodine levels in the three years(H=9.392,P<0.05).Among them,the median urinary iodine level in 2024 was 140.00 μg/mL,which was significantly higher than that in 2022(Z=2.693,P<0.0167)and 2023Z=2.590,P<0.0167)after correcting the significance level.Spearman correlation analysis  results showed that there was no correlation between the urinary iodine level of pregnant women with the iodine content and quality of iodized salt(all P>0.05),and there was no correlation between the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women with the iodine content and quality of iodized salt(all P>0.05).The urinary iodine level in pregnant women is positively correlated with their iodine nutritional status(rs=0.857,P<0.05),and the iodine content in salt is positively correlated with the quality of iodized salt(rs=0.314,P<0.05).Conclusions  In 2024,the iodine deficiency among pregnant women in Donghu District,Nanchang City,Jiangxi Province was improved,but the overall situation is still severe.More than half of pregnant women were iodine-deficient.The consumption of iodized salt basically met the national standards for eliminating iodine deficiency disorders,but still needed to be improved.The health department should strengthen the monitoring of iodine nutrition among pregnant women,popularize knowledge about iodine deficiency disorders to pregnant women,enhance their awareness of iodine supplementation,and promote their scientific iodine supplementation.The salt industry supervision department needs to strengthen supervision,strictly control the quality of iodized salt,and ensure that the cooking salt of residents in Donghu District is qualified.
论著

急性缺血性脑卒中介入治疗优化护理路径的构建及应用

Development and application of an optimized nursing pathway for endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke

:1563-1568
 
       目的   探讨优化护理路径在急性缺血性脑卒中介入手术中的应用及效果。方法   采用随机对照研究,纳入2024年1月—2025年1月收治的112例急性缺血性脑卒中取栓患者,观察组(56例)实施优化介入护理路径,对照组(56例)采用常规护理。结果   观察组患者的满意度评分、医护满意度评分均优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的术前等待时间、患者自进入介入室至股动脉穿刺时间、手术时间、住院费用、并发症发生率、差错事故发生率也优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论   通过标准化术前准备、术中多学科协作及术后康复衔接,优化护理路径可显著提升急性缺血性脑卒中治疗时效性(缩短急性脑卒中患者从进入医院到开始静脉溶栓给药的时间至黄金时间窗内),改善患者神经功能预后。
       Objective  To explore the application and efficacy of an optimized nursing pathway in endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke(AIS).Methods  A randomized controlled trial was conducted,enrolling 112 AIS patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy from January 2024 to January 2025.Patients were randomly assigned to either the observation groupn=56),which received the optimized interventional nursing pathway,or the control group(n=56),which  received  routine nursing care.Results  Patient satisfaction score,medical staff satisfaction score,and postoperative favorable  recovery  rate in observation group were better than those of control group(P<0.05).Additionally,the observation group  showed  significant improvements in preoperative waiting time,time from entering the operation room to femoral artery puncture,surgical duration,hospitalization costs,complication incidence rate,and medical error incidence rate(P<0.05).Conclusions  By standardizing preoperative preparations,implementing intraoperative multidisciplinary collaboration,and enhancing postoperative  rehabilitation coordination,the optimized nursing pathway significantly improved the timeliness of thrombectomy treatment(shortening door-to-needle time to reach the golden time window)and enhanced neurological functional prognosis in AIS patients,demonstrating substantial clinical applicability.
论著

多参数 MRI 在鉴别 BI-RADS 4 类乳腺病变良恶性中的应用

Application of multiparametric MRI in differentiating benign and malignant BI-RADS category 4 breast lesions

:1555-1562
 
      目的   探讨多参数MRI在鉴别乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)4类乳腺病变良恶性中的应用。法   回顾性分析2022年1月—2024年12月于同济大学附属东方医院庐江分院行乳腺MRI检查为BI-RADS 4类且病理结果明确肿瘤的病例268例,其中良性组166例(包括乳腺纤维腺瘤93例,导管内乳头状瘤39例,乳腺囊性增生24例,乳腺分叶状肿瘤2例,浆细胞性乳腺炎8例),恶性组102例(包括浸润性导管癌89例,浸润性小叶癌6例,黏液癌2例,炎性乳腺癌5例)。对比分析单一序列和多序列联合诊断BI-RADS 4类乳腺病变良、恶性的效能;绘制基于多参数MRI受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,并计算曲线下面积(AUC)、特异度和灵敏度,量化多序列对于BI-RADS 4类乳腺病变良恶性的诊断效能。结果   基于多参数MRI联合诊断效能最高(AUC:0.912,95%CI:0.871~0.953),特异度为0.922,灵敏度为0.902;基于ADC值评估BI-RADS 4类乳腺病变最佳截断值为0.84×10-3 mm2 /s,且均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论   基于多参数MRI能够有效诊断BI-RADS 4类乳腺病变的良、恶性,为乳腺外科疾病进一步诊疗提供影像学诊断依据。
       Objective  To explore the application of multiparametric MRI in differentiating benign and malignant lesions classified as BI-RADS category 4 in breast imaging.Methods  A total of 268 cases of breast MRI classified as BI-RADS category 4 with confirmed tumor pathology were retrospectively analyzed from January 2022 to December 2024 at the Tongji University Oriental Hospital Lujiang Branch. Among them,166 cases were categorized as benign lesions(including 93 cases of breast fibroadenoma,39 cases of intraductal papilloma,24 cases of cystic hyperplasia,2 cases of lobular tumor,and 8 cases of plasma cell mastitis),while 102 cases were categorized as malignant lesions(including 89 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma,6 cases of invasive lobular carcinoma,2 cases of mucinous carcinoma,and 5 cases of inflammatory breast cancer).The efficacy of single-sequence versus combined multiple-sequence imaging in diagnosing benign and malignant BI-RADS category 4 breast lesions was compared and analyzed.The diagnostic efficacy of the multiparametric MRI sequences was quantified by plotting a receiver operating characteristic curve and calculating the area under the curve(AUC),as well as the specificity and sensitivity.Results  The combined diagnostic efficacy of multiparametric MRI yielded the highest performance,with an AUC of 0.912(95%CI:0.871-0.953),demonstrating a specificity of 0.922 and a sensitivity of 0.902.The optimal cutoff value for differentiating BI-RADS category 4 breast lesions based on apparent diffusion coefficient values was determined to be 0.84×10-3  mm2 /s,with all results being statistically significantP<0.05).Conclusions  Multiparametric MRI can effectively diagnose benign and malignant lesions classified as BI-RADS category 4,providing a reliable imaging basis for further diagnosis and treatment in breast surgery.
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