目的 评价不同间变性淋巴瘤激酶(ALK)抑制剂联合安罗替尼治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效。方法 收集ALK突变阳性NSCLC患者的临床资料,筛选服用ALK抑制剂疗效不佳再加用安罗替尼的病例。根据不同的用药方案分为阿来替尼+安罗替尼,塞瑞替尼+安罗替尼和克唑替尼+安罗替尼三个组别。记录患者联合用药前最近一次的影像学检查结果,并以此为基线按Recist1.1评价疗效,以病情进展、患者死亡、停药、改变治疗方案为终点计算各组患者的无事件生存期(EFS),收集肿瘤标志物、血常规和肝功、心功能、肾功能生化检测等指标数据,统计分析患者联合用药前后各项指标的变化。结果 经筛选,共纳入49例患者的临床数据。阿来替尼+安罗替尼组有23例,疾病控制率(DCR)为86.96%;平均EFS为(10.8±3.6)个月,中位EFS为8.3个月;塞瑞替尼+安罗替尼组有14例,DCR为71.43%;平均EFS为(6.5±2.9)个月,中位EFS为5.6个月;克唑替尼+安罗替尼组有12列,DCR为66.67%;平均EFS为(7.7±3.2)个月,中位EFS为7.2个月。阿来替尼+安罗替尼组的平均EFS长于另外两组(P<0.05)。各研究组肿瘤标志物仅有CyFra21-1在克唑替尼+安罗替尼组在联合用药后升高(P<0.05),生化检测和血常规指标在用药前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 ALK抑制剂与安罗替尼联用,疗效最好为阿来替尼,其次为塞瑞替尼,最后为克唑替尼。三种ALK抑制剂与安罗替尼联用后,均未导致心、肝、肾功能和血细胞损害。
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of different anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)inhibitors combined with anlotinib in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods Clinical data of drug resistant NSCLC patients with ALK positive mutation was collected who were treated with ALK inhibitors and anlotinib synchronously.According to different regimens,three groups were set,alectinib+anlotinib,ceritinib+anlotinib,and crizotinib+anlotinib.The latest imageological examination results of the patient before the synchronous therapy was set as the baseline to evaluate the therapeutic effect according to Recist1.1.The event free survival(EFS)of each group was calculated with disease progression,patient death,treatment discontinuation and changing regimen as endpoints.Data of tumor markers,hematology test,liver function,cardiac function,renal function biochemical examination was collected and analyzed statistically before and after the combination therapy,with P<0.05 as the statistically significant difference.Results After screening,clinical data of 49 patients were collected.Twenty-three patients in the alectinib+anlotinib group,with a disease control rate(DCR) of 86.96%;mean EFS was(10.8±3.6)months,median EFS of 8.3 months;14 patients in the ceritinib+anlotinib group,with a DCR of 71.43%,mean EFS was(6.5±2.9)months,median EFS was 5.6 months;12 patients in the crizotinib+anlotinib group,with a DCR of 66.67%,mean EFS was(7.7±3.2)months,median EFS was 7.2 months.EFS of alectinib+anlotinib group was longer significantly than the other two groups(P<0.05).Only CyFra21-1,increased significantly after the combination of crizotinib and anlotinib(P<0.05).No statistically significant difference in biochemical test and hematology test before and after the treatment(P>0.05).Conclusions The therapeutic effect of ALK inhibitors with anlotinib was ordered,alectinib being the most effective,followed by ceritinib and finally crizotinib.The combination of ALK inhibitors with anlotinib did not cause any abnormal results in the examination of heart,liver,kidney and blood cells.
目的 探讨术中未恢复窦性心律需要行电复律的心房颤动(房颤)患者在清醒和镇静两种状态下的安全性及有效性。方法 选择2022年1月—2023年12月100例接受射频消融术中行同步直流电复律的持续性房颤患者进行研究,采用随机数字表法将患者分为观察组(清醒状态)和对照组(镇静状态),其中观察组和对照组各为50例。观察两组患者接受电复律的成功率、复发率和不良事件发生率(呼吸抑制、低血压、谵妄、肺水肿、心律失常)等指标。结果 观察组和对照组首次电复律成功分别有48、49例,成功率分别为96%、98%,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.558)。观察组术后30 min内有2例复发,对照组术后30 min内无复发,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.153)。在不良反应方面,观察组共发生1例心律失常事件,1例低血压事件,不良反应的总发生率为4%。对照组共发生3例呼吸抑制事件、2例谵妄事件、1例心律失常事件、2例低血压事件,不良反应的总发生率为16%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.046)。结论 对持续性房颤患者在射频消融术中,处于清醒状态下行电复律也具有良好的临床疗效,可以减少不良事件的发生,安全性更高。
Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of awake state and sedation state in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF)who did not recover sinus rhythm and needed electrical cardioversion during operation.Methods A total of 100 patients with persistent atrial fibrillation who underwent synchronous direct current cardioversion during radiofrequency ablation from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected and divided into the observation group(awake state)and the control group(sedation state)according to the random number table method,with 50 cases in each group.The success rate of electrical cardioversion,recurrence rate and incidence of adverse events(respiratory depression,hypotension,delirium,pulmonary edema,arrhythmia)were observed.Results The first electrical cardioversion was successful in 48 and 49 patients in the observation group and the control group,and the success rates were 96% and 98%,respectively.There was no significant difference between the two groups(P=0.558).There were 2 cases of recurrence in the observation group and no recurrence in the control group within 30 minutes after operation,and there was no significant difference between the two groups(P=0.153).In terms of adverse reactions,there were 1 case of arrhythmia event and 1 case of hypotension event in the observation group,and the total incidence of adverse reactions was 4%.There were 3 cases of respiratory depression events,2 cases of delirium events,1 case of arrhythmia events,and 2 cases of hypotension events in the control group.The total incidence of adverse reactions was 16%,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P=0.046).Conclusions Electrical cardioversion in awake state during radiofrequency ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation has a good clinical efficacy and safety,which can reduce the occurrence of adverse events.
目的 总结女性生殖系统中恶性中胚叶混合瘤(MMMT)的临床病理特征及预后,分析P53及错配修复蛋白与MMMT发病之间的关系。方法 收集大理大学第一附属医院2015年9月—2022年9月15例经手术切除病理诊断为MMMT的病例,总结临床病理特点、免疫表型(P53、错配修复蛋白等)、治疗方案并随访。结果 15例MMMT原发于子宫10例,卵巢5例。发病年龄范围49~76岁,平均年龄60岁,中位年龄58岁。临床表现为阴道流血或流液,伴或不伴腹痛或盆腔包块。镜下肿瘤均由不同比例的恶性上皮和间叶源性肿瘤构成,P53野生型12例,突变型3例;错配修复蛋白(MSH6、MSH2、MLH1、PMS2)检测存在缺失的有4例。15例患者中均行手术治疗,12例行盆腔淋巴结清扫术,术后辅以放化疗。随访失访2例,死亡4例,复发6例,3例术后无复发和转移。结论 恶性中胚叶混合瘤临床少见,恶性程度高,病理诊断上存在困难,需要辅以免疫组织化学染色,P53及错配修复蛋白缺失与MMMT的发生存在一定关系。治疗上需要手术切除,辅以放化疗。
Objective To summarize the clinical and pathological characteristics and prognosis of malignant mesodermal mixed tumor(MMMT)in the female reproductive system,and analyze the relationship between P53 and mismatch repair proteins and the onset of MMMT.Methods A total of 15 cases diagnosed with MMMT after surgical resection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University from September 2015 to September 2022 were collected.The clinical and pathological characteristics,immune phenotype(P53,mismatch repair protein,etc. ),treatment plan were summarized.And the patients were followed-up.Results Ten of 15 cases of MMMT were primary in the uterus and 5 of 10 in the ovaries.The age range of onset was 49 to 76 years old,with an average age of 60 and a median age of 58.Clinical manifestations included vaginal bleeding or fluid discharge,with or without abdominal pain or pelvic masses.Under the microscope,all tumors were composed of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal tumors in different proportions,with 12 cases of P53 wild-type and 3 cases of mutant type.There were 4 cases of missing mismatch repair proteins(MSH6,MSH2,MLH1,PMS2)detected.Among the 15 patients,all underwent surgical treatment,and 12 underwent pelvic lymph node dissection with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Two cases were lost to follow-up,four cases died,six cases recurred,and three cases had no recurrence or metastasis after surgery.Conclusions MMMT are rare in clinical practice,with high malignancy and poor prognosis.Pathological diagnosis is difficult,and immunohistochemical staining is needed.The absence of P53 and mismatch repair protein is related to the occurrence of MMMT. Surgical resection is required for treatment,supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
实体瘤对免疫治疗应答非常有限,因此,如何有效提升肿瘤免疫治疗的疗效,已成为当前肿瘤免疫治疗领域亟待解决的关键难题与挑战。髓系来源抑制性细胞(MDSCs)的趋化募集及其所介导的肿瘤免疫逃逸机制,是制约实体瘤免疫治疗效果的核心因素之一。文章深入探讨了MDSCs的起源、表型特征、其介导肿瘤免疫逃逸的具体机制,以及当前针对MDSCs的靶向治疗策略与将MDSCs靶向疗法与肿瘤免疫治疗相结合的最新研究进展。此外,文章还系统性地分析了靶向MDSCs联合免疫治疗策略所面临的关键挑战,并据此提出了MDSCs的精准靶向策略。这一策略旨在精确激活抗肿瘤免疫反应,为癌症患者提供更为个性化、高效的治疗方案,从而开启肿瘤免疫治疗领域的新纪元,为癌症治疗策略的创新与发展贡献力量。
Solid tumors exhibit a very limited response to immunotherapy.Consequently,effectively enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of tumor immunotherapy has emerged as a critical challenge and problem that urgently needs to be addressed in tumor immunotherapy.The chemotaxis and recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)and the tumor immune evasionmechanisms mediated by them are one of the core factors that significantly restrict the efficacy of immunotherapy for solid tumors.In this review,we discuss the origins and phenotypic characteristics of MDSCs,the specific mechanisms by which they mediate tumor immune evasion,as well as current targeted therapeuticstrategies for MDSCs and the latest research progress in combining MDSC-targeted therapy with tumor immunotherapy.Furthermore,we have systematically analyzed the key challenges faced by the combination of MDSC-targeted and immunotherapy strategies,and accordingly proposed a precise targeting strategyfor MDSCs.This strategy aims to precisely activate anti-tumor immune responses,providing more personalized and efficienttreatment options for cancer patients,thereby opening a new era in tumor immunotherapy and contributing to the innovation anddevelopment of cancer treatment strategies.
CCAAT增强子结合蛋白A(CEBPA)是调节血液发育过程中髓系分化和造血干祖细胞活性的关键转录因子之一。CEBPA基因突变常见于急性髓系白血病(AML)中,最近研究表明CEBPA bZIP框内单位点和经典双等位基因突变AML患者均具有类似的临床特征,已被单独划分为AML亚群。CEBPA bZIP框内突变而非传统的双等位CEBPA基因突变成为AML良好预后的分子指标,表明其在AML疾病进展和治疗预后中的重要性和特殊性。本文将从CEBPA蛋白在血液系统中的功能、CEBPA bZIP框内突变AML的临床特征与分子作用机制、以及伴CEBPA突变AML的治疗现状等方面进行综述,为进一步研究CEBPA bZIP框内突变在AML中的致病性和精准治疗新药物开发提供参考。
CAAT enhancer-binding protein A(CEBPA)is one of the key transcription factors regulating myeloid differentiation and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell maintenance during hematopoiesis.CEBPA gene mutations are commonly found in acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Recent studies have demonstrated that AML patients haboring single CEBPA bZIP in-frame mutations or classical bi-allelic CEBPA mutations show similar clinical features and it has been individually classified as AML subgroup.Additionally,it is CEBPA bZIP in-frame mutations rather than the traditional biallelic CEBPA mutations that have emerged as a molecular indicator of favorable prognosis for clinical AML management,suggesting its importance and specificity in AML disease progression and therapeutic prognosis.Here,we reviewed serval aspects including the hematopoietic function of CEBPA protein,the clinical features and molecular mechanisms of AML with CEBPA bZIP in-frame mutations,and the current status of the treatment of AML with CEBPA mutations,which will provide a reference for further study of the pathogenicity of CEBPA bZIP in-frame mutations in AML and the development of new drugs for precision therapy.
目的 对医疗损害责任纠纷案的法庭审理进行分析,探究医疗损害责任纠纷案件的处理现状,对此过程中医疗机构应当关注的问题进行分析总结,以期为医院应对医疗损害鉴定工作和法官审理医疗损害责任纠纷案提供参考。方法 对广州市三所综合医院2015—2021年共93例医疗损害责任纠纷案的判决书进行描述性分析。结果 93例案例中79例进行了医疗损害鉴定。79例进行医疗损害鉴定的案例中,71例鉴定结论被法院采信,采信率达90%。有29例案件鉴定人出庭(占比36.7%),其中有25例鉴定意见被法院采信,采信率为86.2%,仅有7例案例当事人申请了专家辅助证人出庭。医方大多数最终承担次要及以下责任占比为73.4%。鉴定结论为责任范围的,法院最后判决偏向于取最高值和中间值(43例出具责任范围的案例中,14例为最高值,13例为中间值)。结论 医疗机构要充分加强对医疗事故技术鉴定和医疗损害鉴定的认识,高度重视医疗损害鉴定工作,尤其加强尸体解剖告知及病历书写管理,充分利用好鉴定人和专家辅助证人出庭两种手段。
Objective To analyze the court trial of medical damage liability disputes,to explore the current situation of medical damage liability disputes,to analyze and summarize the problems encountered in dealing with medical damage disputes,so as to provide some references for hospitals to deal with medical damage disputes.Methods Descriptive statistical analysis performed on the written judgment of 93 cases of medical damage liability disputes in three large comprehensive hospitals in Yuexiu District,Guangzhou from 2015 to 2021.Results In 93 cases,79 cases had expertise of medical malpractice.In 79 expertise,71 of them were adopted,and the acceptance rate was 90%.Among the 29 cases in which the appraisers appeared in court,25 expert opinions were accepted by the court,the acceptance rate was 86.2%.In only 7 cases,the parties applied for expert witnesses to appear in court.In most cases,hospitals ultimately took secondary and lower responsibilities,accounting for 73.4%.If the appraisal conclusion falls within the scope of responsibility,the court’s final judgment tends to take the highest and middle values.Conclusions Medical institutions should fully strengthen their understanding of technical identification of medical accidents and medical malpractice identification.Attach great importance to the identification of medical malpractice,especially strengthen the management of autopsy notification and medical record writing,make full use of two methods:appraisers and experts witnesses appearing in court.
目的 探讨基于微视频的护理干预对急性胰腺炎患者疾病知晓、自我管理和遵医行为的影响。方法 根据中心随机法将郑州大学第二附属医院2021年1月—2023年1月收治的88例急性胰腺炎患者作为研究对象,其中传统组44例给予常规干预,微视频组44例在传统组的基础上结合微视频的护理干预,比较两组患者疾病知晓情况、自我管理能力和遵医行为情况。结果 干预2个月后,微视频组病例脱落3例,传统组病例脱落4例,两组疾病知晓各维度高于干预前,且微视频组高于传统组,其中疾病病因(t=3.151,P=0.003)、临床症状(t=7.165,P<0.001)、并发症(t=5.497,P<0.001)、如何预防疾病复发(t=8.195,P<0.001);两组自我护理能力量表(ESCA)各维度评分高于干预前,且微视频组高于传统组,其中各维度评分结果为自我护理技能(t=2.787,P=0.007)、自我概念(t=2.272,P=0.026)、自护责任感(t=2.644,P=0.011)、健康知识水平(t=3.321,P=0.001);两组遵医行为各维度评分高于干预前,且微视频组高于传统组,其中各维度评分结果为饮食依从性(t=6.271,P<0.001)、用药依从性(t=3.539,P=0.001)、锻炼依从性(t=4.469,P<0.001)、定期复查(t=2.764,P=0.007)。结论 通过运用微视频的护理干预能够提高急性胰腺炎患者疾病知识的掌握,促进机体自我管理水平的恢复,进而提高遵医行为。
Objective To explore the impact of micro video based nursing interventions on disease awareness,self-management and compliance behavior in patients with acute pancreatitis.Methods According to the central randomization method,88 patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected as the research subjects.Among them,44 patients in the traditional group received routine intervention,and 44 patients in the micro video group received nursing intervention combined with micro video on the basis of the traditional group.The disease awareness,self-management ability and compliance behavior of the two groups of patients were compared.Results After two months of intervention,three cases were dropped out in the micro video group and four cases were dropped out in the traditional group.The disease awareness in both groups was higher than that before intervention,and the micro video group was higher than the traditional group,including disease etiology(t=3.151,P=0.003),clinical symptoms(t=7.165,P<0.001),complications(t=5.497,P<0.001) and how to prevent disease recurrence(t=8.195,P<0.001).The scores of ESCA in both groups were significantly higher than those before intervention,and the micro video group was higher than the traditional group in terms of self-care skills(t=2.787,P=0.007),self-concept(t=2.272,P=0.026),self-care responsibility(t=2.644,P=0.011) and health knowledge level(t=3.321,P=0.001).The scores of all dimensions of compliance behavior in both groups were significantly higher than those before intervention,and the micro video group had higher scores than the traditional group in terms of dietary compliance(t=6.271,P<0.001),medication compliance(t=3.539,P=0.001),exercise compliance(t=4.469,P<0.001) and regular follow-up(t=2.764,P=0.001).Conclusions The use of micro video nursing interventions can improve the mastery of disease knowledge in patients with acute pancreatitis,promote the recovery of the body’s self-management level,and thereby improvemedical compliance behavior.
目的 分析共同照护模式联合回授法健康教育在2型糖尿病患者中的应用效果。方法 将2023年1月—2023年12月广州市第一人民医院收治 的114例2型糖尿病患者作为此次研究对象,分为研究组(n=57)和对照组(n=57),对照组患者给予常规护理结合健康教育,研究组患者给予共同照护模式联合回授法健康教育,评估两组在培训前及培训后1、3个月的血糖控制情况及糖尿病患者自我管理行为量表(SDSCA)等指标。结果 培训1、3个月后,两组患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白均低于培训前,且研究组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。培训1、3个月后,两组患者的糖尿病患者SDSCA评分高于培训前,且研究组各项评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。重复测量方差分析表明随着时间的推移,患者的血糖控制状况随着不同护理培训策略而得到改善。结论 使用共同照护模式联合回授法健康教育对2型糖尿病患者可以更显著改善血糖控制水平、提高自我管理效能。
Objective To analyze the effect of co-care mode and feedback health education on patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods From January 2023 to December 2023,114 patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to Guangzhou First People’s Hospital were divided into two groups:experimental group(n=57)and control group(n=57).Patients in control group were given routine nursing combined with health education.Patients in study group were given co-care and feedback health education.Before intervention and 1,3 months after intervention,patients’ blood glucose control and diabetic self-management behavior scale(SDSCA)were evaluated.Results After 1 and 3 months of intervention,the fasting blood glucose,2-hour blood glucose and HbA1c of the two groups were significantly lower than those before intervention,and the fasting blood glucose,2-hour blood glucose and HbA1c of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).After 1 month and 3 months of intervention,the SDSCA scores of diabetic patients in both groups were higher than those before intervention,and the scores of study group were higher than those of control group(P<0.05).Repeated measures analysis of variance indicating that glycemic control improved significantly over time with different nursing training strategies.Conclusions Co-care mode and feedback health education can significantly improve blood glucose control and self-management efficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes.
目的 分析谷草转氨酶(AST)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)、糖类抗原125(CA125)以及甲胎蛋白(AFP)对肝硬化患者的诊断效能。方法 选择70例肝硬化患者为观察组研究对象,另取70例同期健康体检者为对照组。两组研究对象均接受生化检验、肿瘤标志物检验。对比两组研究对象的AST、CHE、CA125、AFP检测结果,分析上述指标对肝硬化患者的诊断效能。结果 观察组肝硬化患者的CHE低于对照组,AST、CA125与AFP高于对照组(P<0.05);AST与CHE在肝硬化诊断中具有良好的灵敏度、特异度;CA125联合AFP的灵敏度、特异度、符合率均高于CA125或AFP单独检验(P<0.05)。结论 AST、CHE、CA125、AFP在肝硬化患者临床诊断中具有良好的应用表现,是反映患者肝硬化病情进展的重要参考指标。
Objective To analyze the diagnostic efficacy of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),cholinesterase(CHE),carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125),and alpha fetoprotein(AFP)in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods A total of 70 patients with liver cirrhosis were included in the observation group as the study subjects,and 70 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as the control group.Both groups of research subjects underwent biochemical testing and tumor marker testing.The AST,CHE,CA125,and AFP detection results of two groups of research subjects were compared,and the diagnostic effect of the above indicators on patients with liver cirrhosis were analyzed.Results The CHE test results of patients with liver cirrhosis in the observation group were significantly lower than those of healthy individuals undergoing physical examination,and the AST,CA125,and AFP test results were higher(P<0.05).AST and CHE had good sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis.The sensitivity,specificity and coincidence rate of CA125 combined with AFP were higher than those of CA125 or AFP alone.Conclusions AST,CHE,CA125,and AFP have good clinical application performance in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis patients,and are important reference indicators reflecting the progression of liver cirrhosis in patients.
目的 挖掘使用美托洛尔后的药物不良事件(ADE),为临床合理用药提供参考意见。方法 对美国食品药品管理局(FDA)FDA药物ADE报告系统(FAERS)数据库进行信号挖掘,采用报告比值比法和比例报告比值法,分析FAERS数据库中2004年第1季度至2023年第2季度关于美托洛尔的ADE报告。结果 在FAERS数据库中收集到美托洛尔相关ADE共24 184例、667个阳性信号,共涉及27个系统器官分类。ADE严重报告共16 766(占69.33%),ADE报告频次排名前3的分别是头晕、心动过缓、呼吸困难。结论 美托洛尔的不良反应主要集中在全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应、心脏器官疾病和各类损伤。在使用美托洛尔过程中发生ADE时,应该及时采取相应的干预措施。
Objective To explore the adverse drug events(ADEs)after the use of metoprolol and provide reference opinions for clinical rational drug use.Methods Signal mining was conducted on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)database in the United States.The reporting ratio method and proportional reporting ratio method were used to analyze ADEs reports related to metoprolol in the FAERS database from the first quarter of 2019 to the second quarter of 2023.Results A total of 24 184 cases of metoprolol related ADEs were collected in the FAERS database,with 667 positive signals and a total of 27 system organ class involved.Conclusions The adverse reactions of metoprolol mainly focus on systemic diseases,various reactions at the administration site,heart organ diseases,and various injuries.It is recommended that timely intervention measures should be taken when ADE occurs during the use of metoprolol.