嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS）作为过敏反应中关键的先天免疫细胞，在心血管疾病的发生与发展进程中也扮演着至关重要的角色。大量证据显示，血液EOS计数与诸多心血管疾病之间存在紧密联系，但临床研究得出的结论不尽相同。基础研究发现，EOS一方面可通过释放白细胞介素-4（IL-4）、IL-13及阳离子蛋白等细胞因子，对心肌梗死、心肌肥厚、心力衰竭或腹主动脉瘤发挥保护作用；另一方面，EOS表达的阳离子蛋白和血小板活化因子会促进平滑肌细胞增殖和钙化，进而加速动脉粥样硬化的形成。因此，EOS在不同心血管疾病中所发挥的作用存在差异，这与疾病的演变进程、EOS的数量均密切相关。本文对现有的临床和基础研究成果进行汇总，阐述EOS在各类心血管疾病中的不同作用。

       Eosinophils（EOS），as key innate immune cells in allergic reactions，play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases．Ample evidence shows that the count of blood EOS is closely related to many cardiovascular diseases．However，the conclusions drawn from clinical studies are inconsistent，and these contradictory observational  results still cannot be reasonably explained so far．Basic research has found that，on the one hand，EOS can exert protective effects on myocardial infarction，myocardial hypertrophy，heart failure，or abdominal aortic aneurysm by releasing cytokines such as interleukin-4（IL-4），IL-13，and cationic proteins；on the other hand，the cationic proteins and platelet activating factors expressed by EOS can promote the proliferation and calcification of smooth muscle cells，thereby accelerating the formation of atherosclerosis．Therefore，the roles played by EOS in different cardiovascular diseases vary，which is closely related to the evolution process of the disease and the number of EOS．This article will summarize the existing clinical and basic research results to elaborate the different roles of EOS in various cardiovascular diseases．

      长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）是一类长度大于200个核苷酸转录本，通过调控DNA、RNA及蛋白质的表达和功能，参与肿瘤发生、发展并发挥重要作用的RNA，近年来lncRNA成为恶性肿瘤早期诊断和预后标志物研究新的关注方向。Linc-UBC1作为一种新发现的lncRNA，在多种恶性肿瘤如肺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、食管鳞癌等中异常高表达，可通过作为竞争性RNA（ceRNA）、参与信号通路等促进肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭、细胞周期进展、细胞凋亡和上皮间充质转化（EMT）等过程；高表达的linc-UBC1能够增加恶性肿瘤的耐药性，其表达水平与肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移和原发肿瘤远处转移呈正相关；linc-UBC1有望成为许多恶性肿瘤的新型的生物标志物、预后预测因子和治疗靶点，但其具体的调控机制仍处于研究的早期阶段，有待进一步深入研究。文章就目前linc-UBC1在恶性肿瘤发生和发展中的作用研究进展进行综述。

       Long non-coding RNA（lncRNA）is a class of transcripts with a length of more than 200 nucleotides．It is 

involved in the occurrence and development of tumors and plays an important role by regulating the expression and function of DNA，RNA and protein．In recent years，lncRNA has become a new research direction for early diagnosis and prognosis of malignant tumors．As a newly discovered lncRNA，linc-UBC1 is abnormally highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors such as lung cancer，gastric cancer，colorectal cancer，cervical cancer，ovarian cancer，and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma．It can  promote the proliferation，migration，invasion，cell cycle progression，cell apoptosis and EMT of tumor cells by acting as a competing endogenous RNA（ceRNA）and participating in signaling pathways．High expression of linc-UBC1 can increase the drug resistance of malignant tumors，and its expression level is positively correlated with tumor stage，lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis of primary tumors．linc-UBC1 is expected to become a new biomarker，prognostic predictor and therapeutic target for many malignant tumors，while its specific regulatory mechanism is still in the early stage of research and needs further in-depth study．This article reviews the current research progress of linc-UBC1 in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors．

       根据美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人组第三次报告NECP-ATPⅢ会议定义，当男性年龄＜55岁，女性年龄＜65岁诊断为冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）时即为早发冠心病（pCAD）。作为冠心病的特殊类型之一，pCAD发生多伴明显家族史。近年来随着早发冠心病患者人数呈明显上升趋势，且单核苷酸多态性（SNP）研究和全基因组关联研究的迅速发展，与早发冠心病相关的基因多态性研究成为热点。笔者利用多个文献数据库检索国内外相关文献，对近年早发冠心病的基因多态性研究进展予以综述，并尝试归纳总结出新的重点研究方向。

   According to the third meeting of the Adult Education Group of the Cholesterol Education Program of the United States（NECP-ATPⅢ），premature coronary artery disease（pCAD）is a disease diagnosed in men ＜55 years old and women ＜65 years old，which is a special form of CAD with multiple obvious family history．In recent years，with the increasing number of patients with pCAD，and the rapid development of single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）and genome-wide association studies，the study of gene polymorphism related to premature coronary artery disease has become a hot topic．Several database were searched to collect relevant literature at home and abroad，and the research progress of gene polymorphism of premature coronary artery disease in recent years was summarized，and tried to provide new key research directions．

       炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种以反复腹痛、腹泻、血便和体重降低为主要表现的慢性特发性性疾病，主要分为溃疡性结肠炎与克罗恩病两种类型。近年来，IBD的患病率随着城市化和工业化进展迅速升高，给中国和全球的公共健康带来沉重的负担。随着人类基因组技术的发展，越来越多的证据表明，遗传学因素在IBD发病过程中起着不可或缺的作用。在亚欧人群中，通过大规模全基因组关联研究现已明确了320个IBD易感基因位点。IBD易感基因在影响机体的细胞代谢、免疫功能调节、肠道上皮屏障和微生物清除等多个方面发挥着重要作用。本文就IBD相关易感基因及其多态性的研究进展进行综述，从基因层面揭示IBD发病的分子机制，并对探索IBD因人而异的个性化治疗方案提供帮助。

    Inflammatory bowel disease（IBD）is a chronic idiopathic disease characterized by recurrent abdominal pain，diarrhea，bloody stools，and weight loss．Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease represent the two main types of IBD．In recent years，the prevalence of IBD has increased rapidly with the advancement of industrialization，imposing a heavy burden on public health in China and globally．Currently，with the development of genomics，a growing body of evidence suggests that genetic factors play an indispensable role in the pathogenesis of IBD．In the Eurasian population，320 IBD susceptibility gene loci have been identified through large-scale genome-wide association studies．IBD susceptibility genes play a crucial role in various aspects affecting cellular metabolism，immune function regulation，intestinal epithelial barrier，and microbial clearance．This article reviews the susceptibility genes and their polymorphisms associated with IBD，revealing the molecule mechanisms of IBD from gene perspectives and contributing to the development of personalized treatment strategies tailored to individual IBD patients．

       急性胰腺炎（AP）是一种常见的消化系统急症。随着生活水平的提高，其重症发病率也逐年增加。中西医结合治疗急性胰腺炎在临床实践中展现出优势。近年来，大柴胡汤合大承气汤在治疗急性胰腺炎方面药理机制的研究不断延伸，同时对方药中的药理活性成分也在不断深入研究。该文旨在整理相关研究，综述大柴胡汤合大承气汤治疗急性胰腺炎的理论基础、临床应用、药物活性成分、药理机制等，以期为临床实践和进一步深入研究提供参考。

        Acute pancreatitis（AP）is a common gastrointestinal emergency．With the improvement of living standards，the incidence of severe AP has been increasing year by year．The combined treatment of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has shown advantages in the clinical practice of acute pancreatitis．In recent years，the pharmacological mechanism of Dachaihu Decoction combined with Dachengqi Decoction in the treatment of acute pancreatitis has been continuously studied，and the pharmacological active components in the prescription are also being explored．This article aims to summarize  relevant  research on the theoretical basis，clinical application，active ingredients and pharmacological mechanism of Dachaihu Decoction combined with Dachengqi Decoction in the treatment of acute pancreatitis，providing reference for clinical practice and further research．

       实体瘤对免疫治疗应答非常有限，因此，如何有效提升肿瘤免疫治疗的疗效，已成为当前肿瘤免疫治疗领域亟待解决的关键难题与挑战。髓系来源抑制性细胞（MDSCs）的趋化募集及其所介导的肿瘤免疫逃逸机制，是制约实体瘤免疫治疗效果的核心因素之一。文章深入探讨了MDSCs的起源、表型特征、其介导肿瘤免疫逃逸的具体机制，以及当前针对MDSCs的靶向治疗策略与将MDSCs靶向疗法与肿瘤免疫治疗相结合的最新研究进展。此外，文章还系统性地分析了靶向MDSCs联合免疫治疗策略所面临的关键挑战，并据此提出了MDSCs的精准靶向策略。这一策略旨在精确激活抗肿瘤免疫反应，为癌症患者提供更为个性化、高效的治疗方案，从而开启肿瘤免疫治疗领域的新纪元，为癌症治疗策略的创新与发展贡献力量。

  Solid tumors exhibit a very limited response to immunotherapy．Consequently，effectively enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of tumor immunotherapy has emerged as a critical challenge and problem that urgently needs to be addressed in tumor immunotherapy．The chemotaxis and recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells（MDSCs）and the tumor immune evasionmechanisms mediated by them are one of the core factors that significantly restrict the efficacy of immunotherapy for solid tumors．In this review，we discuss the origins and phenotypic characteristics of MDSCs，the specific mechanisms by which they mediate tumor immune evasion，as well as current targeted therapeuticstrategies for MDSCs and the latest research progress in combining MDSC-targeted therapy with tumor immunotherapy．Furthermore，we  have  systematically analyzed the  key challenges faced by the combination of MDSC-targeted and immunotherapy strategies，and accordingly proposed a precise targeting strategyfor MDSCs．This strategy aims to precisely activate anti-tumor immune responses，providing more personalized and efficienttreatment options for cancer patients，thereby opening a new era in tumor immunotherapy and contributing to the innovation anddevelopment of cancer treatment strategies．

    CCAAT增强子结合蛋白A（CEBPA）是调节血液发育过程中髓系分化和造血干祖细胞活性的关键转录因子之一。CEBPA基因突变常见于急性髓系白血病（AML）中，最近研究表明CEBPA bZIP框内单位点和经典双等位基因突变AML患者均具有类似的临床特征，已被单独划分为AML亚群。CEBPA bZIP框内突变而非传统的双等位CEBPA基因突变成为AML良好预后的分子指标，表明其在AML疾病进展和治疗预后中的重要性和特殊性。本文将从CEBPA蛋白在血液系统中的功能、CEBPA bZIP框内突变AML的临床特征与分子作用机制、以及伴CEBPA突变AML的治疗现状等方面进行综述，为进一步研究CEBPA bZIP框内突变在AML中的致病性和精准治疗新药物开发提供参考。

   CAAT enhancer-binding protein A（CEBPA）is one of the  key transcription factors  regulating myeloid differentiation and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell maintenance during hematopoiesis．CEBPA gene mutations are commonly found in acute myeloid leukemia（AML）．Recent studies have demonstrated that AML patients haboring single CEBPA bZIP in-frame mutations or classical bi-allelic CEBPA mutations show similar clinical features and it has been individually classified as AML subgroup．Additionally，it is CEBPA bZIP in-frame mutations rather than the traditional biallelic CEBPA mutations that have emerged as a molecular indicator of favorable prognosis for clinical AML management，suggesting its importance and specificity in AML disease progression and therapeutic prognosis．Here，we reviewed serval aspects including the hematopoietic function of CEBPA protein，the clinical features and molecular mechanisms of AML with CEBPA bZIP in-frame mutations，and the current status of the treatment of AML with CEBPA mutations，which will provide a reference for further study of the pathogenicity of CEBPA bZIP in-frame mutations in AML and the development of new drugs for precision therapy．

       药源性心脏毒性是临床常见的药物不良反应，是药物研发和临床治疗需面临的严峻考验。对药源性心脏毒性的评价是目前研究的重点，基于其机制复杂多样、临床表现不一、影响因素多，早期评价具有困难。生物标志物是评价心脏毒性的重要指标之一，文章总结了目前已经报道的多种心脏毒性标志物及其潜在的生物标志物，希望能从中找到特异性强、敏感性高的标志物，以贡献于药物心脏安全性评价工作。

    As a common clinical adverse reaction，pharmacogenic cardiotoxicity is a severe challenge for drug development and clinical treatment．The evaluation of pharmacogenic cardiotoxicity is the focus of current research，and early evaluation is difficult with its complex and diverse mechanisms，varying clinical manifestations，and numerous influencing factors．Biomarker is an important index to evaluate cardiotoxicity．This article summarizes a variety of cardiotoxicity biomarkers and other potential biomarkers that have been reported so far，hoping to find  biomarkers with strong specificity and high sensitivity，so as tocontribute to the evaluation on cardiac safety of drugs．

       近几十年来，全球近视患病率不断上升，已成为全世界主要的公共卫生问题之一。众多研究表明户外活动能有效控制近视的发生和发展。本文综述了户外活动对近视防控作用的研究进展及其作用机制，以期为近视防控提供新的思路。

     In recent decades, the prevalence of myopia has been increasing globally, becoming one of the major public health issues worldwide. Numerous studies indicate that outdoor activities can effectively control the onset and progression of myopia. This article reviews the research progress on prevention and control effect and mechanism of outdoor activities on myopia, hoping to provide new insights for myopia prevention and control.