慢性炎症是心血管疾病的常见发病机制,它主要通过损伤内皮细胞、氧化应激和刺激血栓形成影响疾病发展。全身免疫炎症指数（SII）作为一种新型炎症指标,最早用于肿瘤患者的预后评估,现已在多学科领域广泛使用,它由中性粒细胞、血小板、淋巴细胞计算得到,更加全面地反映机体炎症状态。SII已经在多项研究中被证实具有良好的预测价值,该文对SII的优势和在心血管疾病的临床研究进展进行综述,为研究的进一步开展提供参考。

Chronic inflammation is a common pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease,which mainly affects disease progression by damaging endothelial cells,oxidative stress and stimulating thrombosis．As a new type of inflammatory index,the systemic immune inflammatory index（SII）was first used to evaluate the prognosis of cancer patients,and has been widely used in multidisciplinary fields．SII has been confirmed to have good predictive value in a number of studies,and this article reviews the advantages of SII and the progress of clinical research in cardiovascular diseases,so as to provide reference for further research development．

蒜氨酸为大蒜氨基酸成分,对机体无毒副作用,在体内代谢酶作用下分解成大蒜素,具有多种药理作用和广阔的临床应用前景。本文就蒜氨酸的分离提取、制剂及生物活性研究现状进行综述,以供参考。

Alliin is an amino acid component of garlic, no toxic side effects to the body. It breaks down into allicin by metabolic enzymes in the body, has a variety of pharmacological effects and broad clinical application prospects. In this paper, the isolation, extraction, preparation and biological activity of alliin were reviewed for reference.

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是世界范围内慢性肝病的一个主要原因,约15%的NAFLD患者会发展为非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、肝纤维化、肝硬化甚至肝癌。目前其发病及进展机制尚未明确,也无有效治疗手段。因此,构建临床前NAFLD动物模型至关重要,有助于为NAFLD提供临床治疗的新方案。本文将系统分析目前已构建的NAFLD动物模型在临床前研究中的局限性,并重点总结和综述基于基因编辑在NAFLD动物模型构建中的应用及研究进展,这对于探讨NAFLD发病机制及新药研发具有重要的临床意义。

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and about 15% of NAFLD patients will develop into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the biological mechanism of the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD is not fully understood, and there are still no effective or targeted therapies for NAFLD. Therefore, it is an urgent need to construct pre-clinical animal models of NAFLD, which will help to better understand and explore the potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of NAFLD. Here, we summarize the recent advances and limitations of the established animal models of NAFLD and focus on the potential application and research progress of genome editing for constructing the animal models of NAFLD. There animal models will be very useful to reveal the pathologic mechanism of human NAFLD, and to screen new therapeutic drugs.

分泌性中耳炎（SOM）的临床特征表现为听力下降和中耳积液,与中耳化脓性炎症常伴随耳部急性感染不同,SOM常伴随耳部闷胀、轻微耳痛等,致使听力出现障碍。SOM发病机制较为复杂,可能与感染、免疫、咽鼓管功能障碍等多种因素相关,治疗方法也因此呈现出多样化的特点。本文就SOM的病因病机及其治疗方式展开综述,以期为临床及早诊断和治疗SOM提供理论依据。

The clinical characteristics of secretory otitis media（SOM）are hearing loss and effusion in the middle ear．Different from acute ear infection of suppurative inflammation in the middle ear,SOM is often accompanied by ear tightness and mild earache,resulting in hearing impairment．The pathogenesis of SOM is complex,which may be related to infection,immunity,eustachian tube dysfunction and other factors．Therefore,the treatment methods are diversified．This paper reviews the etiology,pathogenesis and treatment of SOM,in order to provide theoretical basis for clinical early diagnosis and treatment of SOM.

新生儿引起肝内胆汁淤积是由感染、遗传代谢性疾病、胃肠外营养、基因突变等各种不同病因导致胆汁形成、分泌和排泄障碍。胆汁在体内淤积会影响新生儿的生长发育,严重者出现肝纤维化、肝功能衰竭等不可逆的改变,其发病的机制涉及参与肝脏胆汁酸分泌的各种转运体、肝细胞膜转运蛋白转录和和转录后的调控等。本文归纳总结近年来国内外关于胆汁酸转运体及其转录和转录后的调控,从而为此疾病的防治提供理论依据,为将来降低其发生率和改善预后。

Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis is caused by infection,genetic metabolic diseases,parenteral nutrition,gene mutation and other different causes leading to bile formation,secretion and excretion disorders．Bile stasis in the body will affect the growth and development of the newborn,and in severe cases,irreversible changes such as liver fibrosis and liver failure will occur．The pathogenesis of bile stasis involves various transporters involved in the secretion of bile acids in the liver,transcription and post transcription regulation of liver cell membrane transporters．In this paper,we summarized the recent studies on bile acid transporters and their transcriptional and post transcriptional regulation at home and abroad,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of this disease,and to reduce its incidence and improve its prognosis in the future.

直肠癌是全球常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,准确的影像学评估对直肠癌的诊断和治疗决策至关重要。在各种影像学检查中,磁共振成像已逐渐成为直肠癌不可或缺的检查手段,其中酰胺质子转移加权（APTw）成像是当前直肠癌磁共振成像中的一种极具发展前景的成像技术,其是通过检测病灶中内源性可移动蛋白的酰胺质子与水质子之间的交换,可以更好地在分子水平评估直肠癌病灶的蛋白质浓度、pH值、温度和代谢状态等,在直肠癌中有极大的应用潜能,有助于实现精准医疗。本文主要综述APTw成像在直肠癌中的研究进展、发展前景及尚存在的问题。

Rectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies worldwide, and accurate imaging evaluation is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of rectal cancer．In various imaging examinations, magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）has gradually become an indispensable means of rectal cancer, among which amide proton transfer-weighted（APTw）imaging is a promising imaging technology．APTw imaging is to detect the exchange between amide protons of endogenous mobile proteins in lesions and water quality particles, which can better assess the protein concentration, pH, temperature, and metabolic status of rectal cancer at the molecular level．It has great application potential in rectal cancer and contributes to precision medicine．This article mainly reviews the research progress, development prospect and remaining problems of APTw imaging in rectal cancer．

高压氧治疗是在高于当地压力的环境下,吸入高于当地大气氧浓度的氧来治疗疾病的方法,主要用于缺氧缺血性疾病或与缺氧缺血有关的疾病的治疗。炎症作为机体对刺激的一种防御机制,是感染、损伤、中毒等疾病共同的病理生理基础,在疾病的发生发展中扮演重要角色。高压氧与炎症的关系密切,围绕高压氧与炎症调节相关的研究进行综述,对深入认识高压氧的作用机制具有重要的意义。

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is the treatment of diseases by inhaling oxygen at a concentration higher than the local atmospheric oxygen concentration in an environment that higher than the local pressure．It is mainly used in the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic diseases or diseases related to hypoxia-ischemia．As a defense mechanism against stimulation,inflammation is the common pathophysiological basis of infection,injury,poisoning and other diseases,which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of diseases．Hyperbaric oxygen is closely related to inflammation．The review on hyperbaric oxygen and inflammation regulation is of great significance to further understand the mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen．

目的 分析近年来2型糖尿病自我管理水平的研究进展,讨论其自我管理水平的影响因素及给出相应的建议。方法 通过中国知网、万方医学、迈特思创外文期刊等检索工具,搜索“2型糖尿病”“自我管理”等关键词,收集2000年—2022年相关文献资料,采用文献研究方法进行分析。结果 共检索相关文献1 053条,通过阅读文献以及文献引文,共筛选出重要文献35篇。结论 归纳总结介绍了近年来有关2型糖尿病自我管理水平的研究进展、自我管理的各个方面,包括概念、评估工具、影响因素、与糖尿病并发症的关系及提升方法等,最后文章的总结部分提出了未来研究的方向和挑战。

Objective To analyze the research progress on self-management levels of type II diabetes in recent years,discuss the influencing factors of self-management levels,and provide corresponding suggestions．Methods This article collected relevant literature from 2000 to 2022 by searching tools such as CNKI,Wanfang Medical and Medline for keywords such as “type II diabetes”and“self-management”,and analyzed the literature using a literature research method．Results A total of 1,053 relevant literature were retrieved,and 35 important literature were selected through reading literature main body and citation．Conclusions This article summarizes the research progress on self-management levels of type II diabetes in recent years,including various aspects of self-management such as concepts,evaluation tools,influencing factors,the relationship with diabetic complications,and improvement methods．The conclusion part of the article proposes directions and challenges for future research．

糖尿病已成为全球最严重的健康问题之一。需要白内障手术的糖尿病患者也日益增多,虽然糖尿病的眼表并发症很常见,但由于糖尿病患者全身和眼部疾病十分复杂,使得眼前段如角结膜和泪腺的糖尿病并发症往往被忽视。糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化术有引发或加重眼前节疾病的风险,包括干眼病（DED）、角膜上皮糜烂、上皮缺损迁延不愈,甚至威胁视力的角膜溃疡。这些风险里最为常见的是DED,并且可能因白内障超声乳化手术而加重。眼科医生需要在手术前预先评估已存在的DED是否需要术前治疗,并且需要注意在已存在 DED 的情况下,各项术前检查数据测量的准确性会降低,以及尽可能减少对眼表造成损害的各种手术因素;并考虑通过管理减少术后 DED。本综述就评估白内障超声乳化术对合并糖尿病的老年性白内障患者的眼表术中的影响因素进行分析。

Diabetes mellitus(DM)has become one of the most serious health problems in the world. The number of diabetic patients requiring cataract surgery is also increasing. Although ocular surface complications of DM are common,the complexity of systemic and ocular disease in diabetic patients makes diabetic complications in the anterior segment,such as the cornea and lacrimal gland,often be overlooked. Phacoemulsification in diabetic patients carries the risk of triggering or exacerbating ocular segment disease,including dry eye disease,corneal epithelial erosion,persistent epithelial defects and even vision-threatening corneal ulcers. The most common of these risks is dry eye disease,and it can be exacerbated by cataract phacoemulsification. Ophthalmologists need to preemptively assess the need for preoperative treatment of pre-existing dry eye disease(DED),be aware of the reduced accuracy of preoperative data measurements in the presence of DED,and minimize surgical factors that can damage the ocular surface;and consider management to reduce postoperative DED. In this review,we analyze the factors that influence phacoemulsification in ocular surface surgery for senile cataract patients with diabetes.

严重烧伤后患者免疫功能的失调,易导致创面感染、全身炎症反应综合征、脓毒症、感染性休克等并发症,增加患者病死率。免疫细胞功能适度的活化将有助于烧伤患者抵御外界病原体的侵袭、促进创面的愈合,但功能过度激活或者功能低下,则会引发一系列严重的后果。本文旨在归纳严重烧伤后中性粒细胞、单核/巨噬细胞、肥大细胞、NK细胞及T淋巴细胞等免疫细胞的功能变化与炎症反应之间的关系,为完善烧伤患者诊疗、减少并发症、改善预后提供新的思路。

The imbalance of immune function in severely burned patients can easily lead to wound infection,systemic inflammatory response syndrome,sepsis,septic shock and other complications,which increase the mortality of patients. Moderate activation of immune cell function will help burned patients to resist the invasion of external pathogens and promote wound healing,but excessive activation or low function can lead to a series of serious consequences. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the relationship between the functional changes of immune cells such as neutrophils,monocytes/macrophages,mast cells,NK cells,T lymphocytes and inflammatory reaction after severe burns,and to provide new ideas for improving the diagnosis and treatment of burned patients,reducing complications and improving the prognosis.