目的 总结女性生殖系统中恶性中胚叶混合瘤(MMMT)的临床病理特征及预后,分析P53及错配修复蛋白与MMMT发病之间的关系。方法 收集大理大学第一附属医院2015年9月—2022年9月15例经手术切除病理诊断为MMMT的病例,总结临床病理特点、免疫表型(P53、错配修复蛋白等)、治疗方案并随访。结果 15例MMMT原发于子宫10例,卵巢5例。发病年龄范围49~76岁,平均年龄60岁,中位年龄58岁。临床表现为阴道流血或流液,伴或不伴腹痛或盆腔包块。镜下肿瘤均由不同比例的恶性上皮和间叶源性肿瘤构成,P53野生型12例,突变型3例;错配修复蛋白(MSH6、MSH2、MLH1、PMS2)检测存在缺失的有4例。15例患者中均行手术治疗,12例行盆腔淋巴结清扫术,术后辅以放化疗。随访失访2例,死亡4例,复发6例,3例术后无复发和转移。结论 恶性中胚叶混合瘤临床少见,恶性程度高,病理诊断上存在困难,需要辅以免疫组织化学染色,P53及错配修复蛋白缺失与MMMT的发生存在一定关系。治疗上需要手术切除,辅以放化疗。
Objective To summarize the clinical and pathological characteristics and prognosis of malignant mesodermal mixed tumor(MMMT)in the female reproductive system,and analyze the relationship between P53 and mismatch repair proteins and the onset of MMMT.Methods A total of 15 cases diagnosed with MMMT after surgical resection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University from September 2015 to September 2022 were collected.The clinical and pathological characteristics,immune phenotype(P53,mismatch repair protein,etc. ),treatment plan were summarized.And the patients were followed-up.Results Ten of 15 cases of MMMT were primary in the uterus and 5 of 10 in the ovaries.The age range of onset was 49 to 76 years old,with an average age of 60 and a median age of 58.Clinical manifestations included vaginal bleeding or fluid discharge,with or without abdominal pain or pelvic masses.Under the microscope,all tumors were composed of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal tumors in different proportions,with 12 cases of P53 wild-type and 3 cases of mutant type.There were 4 cases of missing mismatch repair proteins(MSH6,MSH2,MLH1,PMS2)detected.Among the 15 patients,all underwent surgical treatment,and 12 underwent pelvic lymph node dissection with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Two cases were lost to follow-up,four cases died,six cases recurred,and three cases had no recurrence or metastasis after surgery.Conclusions MMMT are rare in clinical practice,with high malignancy and poor prognosis.Pathological diagnosis is difficult,and immunohistochemical staining is needed.The absence of P53 and mismatch repair protein is related to the occurrence of MMMT. Surgical resection is required for treatment,supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
实体瘤对免疫治疗应答非常有限,因此,如何有效提升肿瘤免疫治疗的疗效,已成为当前肿瘤免疫治疗领域亟待解决的关键难题与挑战。髓系来源抑制性细胞(MDSCs)的趋化募集及其所介导的肿瘤免疫逃逸机制,是制约实体瘤免疫治疗效果的核心因素之一。文章深入探讨了MDSCs的起源、表型特征、其介导肿瘤免疫逃逸的具体机制,以及当前针对MDSCs的靶向治疗策略与将MDSCs靶向疗法与肿瘤免疫治疗相结合的最新研究进展。此外,文章还系统性地分析了靶向MDSCs联合免疫治疗策略所面临的关键挑战,并据此提出了MDSCs的精准靶向策略。这一策略旨在精确激活抗肿瘤免疫反应,为癌症患者提供更为个性化、高效的治疗方案,从而开启肿瘤免疫治疗领域的新纪元,为癌症治疗策略的创新与发展贡献力量。
Solid tumors exhibit a very limited response to immunotherapy.Consequently,effectively enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of tumor immunotherapy has emerged as a critical challenge and problem that urgently needs to be addressed in tumor immunotherapy.The chemotaxis and recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)and the tumor immune evasionmechanisms mediated by them are one of the core factors that significantly restrict the efficacy of immunotherapy for solid tumors.In this review,we discuss the origins and phenotypic characteristics of MDSCs,the specific mechanisms by which they mediate tumor immune evasion,as well as current targeted therapeuticstrategies for MDSCs and the latest research progress in combining MDSC-targeted therapy with tumor immunotherapy.Furthermore,we have systematically analyzed the key challenges faced by the combination of MDSC-targeted and immunotherapy strategies,and accordingly proposed a precise targeting strategyfor MDSCs.This strategy aims to precisely activate anti-tumor immune responses,providing more personalized and efficienttreatment options for cancer patients,thereby opening a new era in tumor immunotherapy and contributing to the innovation anddevelopment of cancer treatment strategies.
CCAAT增强子结合蛋白A(CEBPA)是调节血液发育过程中髓系分化和造血干祖细胞活性的关键转录因子之一。CEBPA基因突变常见于急性髓系白血病(AML)中,最近研究表明CEBPA bZIP框内单位点和经典双等位基因突变AML患者均具有类似的临床特征,已被单独划分为AML亚群。CEBPA bZIP框内突变而非传统的双等位CEBPA基因突变成为AML良好预后的分子指标,表明其在AML疾病进展和治疗预后中的重要性和特殊性。本文将从CEBPA蛋白在血液系统中的功能、CEBPA bZIP框内突变AML的临床特征与分子作用机制、以及伴CEBPA突变AML的治疗现状等方面进行综述,为进一步研究CEBPA bZIP框内突变在AML中的致病性和精准治疗新药物开发提供参考。
CAAT enhancer-binding protein A(CEBPA)is one of the key transcription factors regulating myeloid differentiation and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell maintenance during hematopoiesis.CEBPA gene mutations are commonly found in acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Recent studies have demonstrated that AML patients haboring single CEBPA bZIP in-frame mutations or classical bi-allelic CEBPA mutations show similar clinical features and it has been individually classified as AML subgroup.Additionally,it is CEBPA bZIP in-frame mutations rather than the traditional biallelic CEBPA mutations that have emerged as a molecular indicator of favorable prognosis for clinical AML management,suggesting its importance and specificity in AML disease progression and therapeutic prognosis.Here,we reviewed serval aspects including the hematopoietic function of CEBPA protein,the clinical features and molecular mechanisms of AML with CEBPA bZIP in-frame mutations,and the current status of the treatment of AML with CEBPA mutations,which will provide a reference for further study of the pathogenicity of CEBPA bZIP in-frame mutations in AML and the development of new drugs for precision therapy.
目的 对医疗损害责任纠纷案的法庭审理进行分析,探究医疗损害责任纠纷案件的处理现状,对此过程中医疗机构应当关注的问题进行分析总结,以期为医院应对医疗损害鉴定工作和法官审理医疗损害责任纠纷案提供参考。方法 对广州市三所综合医院2015—2021年共93例医疗损害责任纠纷案的判决书进行描述性分析。结果 93例案例中79例进行了医疗损害鉴定。79例进行医疗损害鉴定的案例中,71例鉴定结论被法院采信,采信率达90%。有29例案件鉴定人出庭(占比36.7%),其中有25例鉴定意见被法院采信,采信率为86.2%,仅有7例案例当事人申请了专家辅助证人出庭。医方大多数最终承担次要及以下责任占比为73.4%。鉴定结论为责任范围的,法院最后判决偏向于取最高值和中间值(43例出具责任范围的案例中,14例为最高值,13例为中间值)。结论 医疗机构要充分加强对医疗事故技术鉴定和医疗损害鉴定的认识,高度重视医疗损害鉴定工作,尤其加强尸体解剖告知及病历书写管理,充分利用好鉴定人和专家辅助证人出庭两种手段。
Objective To analyze the court trial of medical damage liability disputes,to explore the current situation of medical damage liability disputes,to analyze and summarize the problems encountered in dealing with medical damage disputes,so as to provide some references for hospitals to deal with medical damage disputes.Methods Descriptive statistical analysis performed on the written judgment of 93 cases of medical damage liability disputes in three large comprehensive hospitals in Yuexiu District,Guangzhou from 2015 to 2021.Results In 93 cases,79 cases had expertise of medical malpractice.In 79 expertise,71 of them were adopted,and the acceptance rate was 90%.Among the 29 cases in which the appraisers appeared in court,25 expert opinions were accepted by the court,the acceptance rate was 86.2%.In only 7 cases,the parties applied for expert witnesses to appear in court.In most cases,hospitals ultimately took secondary and lower responsibilities,accounting for 73.4%.If the appraisal conclusion falls within the scope of responsibility,the court’s final judgment tends to take the highest and middle values.Conclusions Medical institutions should fully strengthen their understanding of technical identification of medical accidents and medical malpractice identification.Attach great importance to the identification of medical malpractice,especially strengthen the management of autopsy notification and medical record writing,make full use of two methods:appraisers and experts witnesses appearing in court.
目的 探讨基于微视频的护理干预对急性胰腺炎患者疾病知晓、自我管理和遵医行为的影响。方法 根据中心随机法将郑州大学第二附属医院2021年1月—2023年1月收治的88例急性胰腺炎患者作为研究对象,其中传统组44例给予常规干预,微视频组44例在传统组的基础上结合微视频的护理干预,比较两组患者疾病知晓情况、自我管理能力和遵医行为情况。结果 干预2个月后,微视频组病例脱落3例,传统组病例脱落4例,两组疾病知晓各维度高于干预前,且微视频组高于传统组,其中疾病病因(t=3.151,P=0.003)、临床症状(t=7.165,P<0.001)、并发症(t=5.497,P<0.001)、如何预防疾病复发(t=8.195,P<0.001);两组自我护理能力量表(ESCA)各维度评分高于干预前,且微视频组高于传统组,其中各维度评分结果为自我护理技能(t=2.787,P=0.007)、自我概念(t=2.272,P=0.026)、自护责任感(t=2.644,P=0.011)、健康知识水平(t=3.321,P=0.001);两组遵医行为各维度评分高于干预前,且微视频组高于传统组,其中各维度评分结果为饮食依从性(t=6.271,P<0.001)、用药依从性(t=3.539,P=0.001)、锻炼依从性(t=4.469,P<0.001)、定期复查(t=2.764,P=0.007)。结论 通过运用微视频的护理干预能够提高急性胰腺炎患者疾病知识的掌握,促进机体自我管理水平的恢复,进而提高遵医行为。
Objective To explore the impact of micro video based nursing interventions on disease awareness,self-management and compliance behavior in patients with acute pancreatitis.Methods According to the central randomization method,88 patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected as the research subjects.Among them,44 patients in the traditional group received routine intervention,and 44 patients in the micro video group received nursing intervention combined with micro video on the basis of the traditional group.The disease awareness,self-management ability and compliance behavior of the two groups of patients were compared.Results After two months of intervention,three cases were dropped out in the micro video group and four cases were dropped out in the traditional group.The disease awareness in both groups was higher than that before intervention,and the micro video group was higher than the traditional group,including disease etiology(t=3.151,P=0.003),clinical symptoms(t=7.165,P<0.001),complications(t=5.497,P<0.001) and how to prevent disease recurrence(t=8.195,P<0.001).The scores of ESCA in both groups were significantly higher than those before intervention,and the micro video group was higher than the traditional group in terms of self-care skills(t=2.787,P=0.007),self-concept(t=2.272,P=0.026),self-care responsibility(t=2.644,P=0.011) and health knowledge level(t=3.321,P=0.001).The scores of all dimensions of compliance behavior in both groups were significantly higher than those before intervention,and the micro video group had higher scores than the traditional group in terms of dietary compliance(t=6.271,P<0.001),medication compliance(t=3.539,P=0.001),exercise compliance(t=4.469,P<0.001) and regular follow-up(t=2.764,P=0.001).Conclusions The use of micro video nursing interventions can improve the mastery of disease knowledge in patients with acute pancreatitis,promote the recovery of the body’s self-management level,and thereby improvemedical compliance behavior.
目的 分析共同照护模式联合回授法健康教育在2型糖尿病患者中的应用效果。方法 将2023年1月—2023年12月广州市第一人民医院收治 的114例2型糖尿病患者作为此次研究对象,分为研究组(n=57)和对照组(n=57),对照组患者给予常规护理结合健康教育,研究组患者给予共同照护模式联合回授法健康教育,评估两组在培训前及培训后1、3个月的血糖控制情况及糖尿病患者自我管理行为量表(SDSCA)等指标。结果 培训1、3个月后,两组患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白均低于培训前,且研究组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。培训1、3个月后,两组患者的糖尿病患者SDSCA评分高于培训前,且研究组各项评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。重复测量方差分析表明随着时间的推移,患者的血糖控制状况随着不同护理培训策略而得到改善。结论 使用共同照护模式联合回授法健康教育对2型糖尿病患者可以更显著改善血糖控制水平、提高自我管理效能。
Objective To analyze the effect of co-care mode and feedback health education on patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods From January 2023 to December 2023,114 patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to Guangzhou First People’s Hospital were divided into two groups:experimental group(n=57)and control group(n=57).Patients in control group were given routine nursing combined with health education.Patients in study group were given co-care and feedback health education.Before intervention and 1,3 months after intervention,patients’ blood glucose control and diabetic self-management behavior scale(SDSCA)were evaluated.Results After 1 and 3 months of intervention,the fasting blood glucose,2-hour blood glucose and HbA1c of the two groups were significantly lower than those before intervention,and the fasting blood glucose,2-hour blood glucose and HbA1c of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).After 1 month and 3 months of intervention,the SDSCA scores of diabetic patients in both groups were higher than those before intervention,and the scores of study group were higher than those of control group(P<0.05).Repeated measures analysis of variance indicating that glycemic control improved significantly over time with different nursing training strategies.Conclusions Co-care mode and feedback health education can significantly improve blood glucose control and self-management efficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes.
目的 分析谷草转氨酶(AST)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)、糖类抗原125(CA125)以及甲胎蛋白(AFP)对肝硬化患者的诊断效能。方法 选择70例肝硬化患者为观察组研究对象,另取70例同期健康体检者为对照组。两组研究对象均接受生化检验、肿瘤标志物检验。对比两组研究对象的AST、CHE、CA125、AFP检测结果,分析上述指标对肝硬化患者的诊断效能。结果 观察组肝硬化患者的CHE低于对照组,AST、CA125与AFP高于对照组(P<0.05);AST与CHE在肝硬化诊断中具有良好的灵敏度、特异度;CA125联合AFP的灵敏度、特异度、符合率均高于CA125或AFP单独检验(P<0.05)。结论 AST、CHE、CA125、AFP在肝硬化患者临床诊断中具有良好的应用表现,是反映患者肝硬化病情进展的重要参考指标。
Objective To analyze the diagnostic efficacy of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),cholinesterase(CHE),carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125),and alpha fetoprotein(AFP)in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods A total of 70 patients with liver cirrhosis were included in the observation group as the study subjects,and 70 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were selected as the control group.Both groups of research subjects underwent biochemical testing and tumor marker testing.The AST,CHE,CA125,and AFP detection results of two groups of research subjects were compared,and the diagnostic effect of the above indicators on patients with liver cirrhosis were analyzed.Results The CHE test results of patients with liver cirrhosis in the observation group were significantly lower than those of healthy individuals undergoing physical examination,and the AST,CA125,and AFP test results were higher(P<0.05).AST and CHE had good sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis.The sensitivity,specificity and coincidence rate of CA125 combined with AFP were higher than those of CA125 or AFP alone.Conclusions AST,CHE,CA125,and AFP have good clinical application performance in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis patients,and are important reference indicators reflecting the progression of liver cirrhosis in patients.
目的 挖掘使用美托洛尔后的药物不良事件(ADE),为临床合理用药提供参考意见。方法 对美国食品药品管理局(FDA)FDA药物ADE报告系统(FAERS)数据库进行信号挖掘,采用报告比值比法和比例报告比值法,分析FAERS数据库中2004年第1季度至2023年第2季度关于美托洛尔的ADE报告。结果 在FAERS数据库中收集到美托洛尔相关ADE共24 184例、667个阳性信号,共涉及27个系统器官分类。ADE严重报告共16 766(占69.33%),ADE报告频次排名前3的分别是头晕、心动过缓、呼吸困难。结论 美托洛尔的不良反应主要集中在全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应、心脏器官疾病和各类损伤。在使用美托洛尔过程中发生ADE时,应该及时采取相应的干预措施。
Objective To explore the adverse drug events(ADEs)after the use of metoprolol and provide reference opinions for clinical rational drug use.Methods Signal mining was conducted on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)database in the United States.The reporting ratio method and proportional reporting ratio method were used to analyze ADEs reports related to metoprolol in the FAERS database from the first quarter of 2019 to the second quarter of 2023.Results A total of 24 184 cases of metoprolol related ADEs were collected in the FAERS database,with 667 positive signals and a total of 27 system organ class involved.Conclusions The adverse reactions of metoprolol mainly focus on systemic diseases,various reactions at the administration site,heart organ diseases,and various injuries.It is recommended that timely intervention measures should be taken when ADE occurs during the use of metoprolol.
目的 应用 Python语言对《圣济总录》中腰痛病篇中的中药进行用药规律分析,提取腰痛病治疗方法及用药特色指导临床腰痛病治疗思路。方法 运用 Python语言中的语言提取对《圣济总录》中腰痛篇章中的所有中药方剂识别,提取方剂组成,统计并分析方剂中中药的规律并将其结果可视化呈现。结果 最终共纳入62首方剂,包含药物86味。其中使用频次≥7次、频率≥1.6%的药物共20味,频次频率最高的为桂枝;所用中药四气以温性为主,占56.74%;五味以辛、甘、苦为主,共约占90%,归经以肝肾经为主;药物功效以补虚类为主,占27.13%;关联规则分析显示提升度最高的组合为麻黄-独活,置信度最高的组合为巴戟天-牛膝、牵牛子-牛膝,支持度最高的组合为川芎-当归、川芎-杜仲;通过聚类分析得到3个聚类结果。结论 《圣济总录》治疗腰痛病方面善用通法和补法,强调活血通络,补益肝肾,尤擅长治疗肝肾亏虚或风寒所客等腰痛病证。
Objective Python language was used to analyze the rules of traditional Chinese medicine in the chapter of low back pain in Shengji Zonglu,and to extract the treatment methods and medication characteristics of low back pain to guide the clinical treatment of low back pain.Methods The language extraction in Python language was used to identify all the Chinese medicine prescriptions in the chapter of low back pain in Shengji Zonglu,extract the composition of the prescription,and analyze the rules of Chinese medicine in the prescription to visually present the results.Results A total of 62 prescriptions were included,including 86 drugs.Among them,with there were 20 kinds of drugs,the frequency of use ≥7 times,the frequency ≥1.6%,and cmnamomi Mmulus highest frequency.Four gas used in traditional Chinese medicine is given priority to with warm,accounted for 56.74%.The five flavors were mainly pungent,sweet and bitter,accounting for about 90%,and the liver and kidney meridians were the main meridians.The drug efficacy was mainly deficiency tonic,accounting for 27.13%.The association rule analysis showed that the combination with the highest improvement was Ephedrae Herba- Angelicae Pubescentis Radix,the combination with the highest confidence was Morindae Officinalis Radix- Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix,Pharbitidis Semen- Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix.and the combination with the highest support was Chuanxiong Rhizoma- Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Chuanxiong Rhizoma- Eucommiae Cortex.Three clustering result is obtained by cluster analysis.Conclusions In the treatment of low back pain,Shengji Zonglu is good at using both blocking methods and reinforcing methods,emphasizing circulating blood and unblocking meridians supplementing liver and kidney,especially in the treatment of low back pain syndrome caused by liver and kidney deficiency or wind and cold.
目的 评估多种气道湿化方法对喉癌患者术后气道湿化的效果。方法 检索PubMed、Cochrane、Embase、Web of Science、Ovid、中国知网、万方、CBM、Google Scholar等数据库和网站,检索时限为建库至2023年2月。搜集关于喉癌患者术后不同气道湿化方法的随机对照试验,采用JBI2016年随机对照试验RCT评价标准评价文献质量。使用ADDIS1.16.5软件进行网状Meta分析。结果 纳入18篇研究,共1 596例患者。结果显示,镇痛泵持续泵入与注射器间断滴入、喷雾瓶间断喷雾在痰痂形成方面比较差异有统计学意义[OR(95%CI)=537.70(4.18,124 511.88)、0(0,0.52),P<0.05];湿化满意度方面,注射器间断滴入与喷雾瓶间断喷雾比较差异有统计学意义[OR(95%CI)=8.55(1.40,73.35),P<0.05];其余比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。概率排序显示,降低肺部感染、黏膜出血和痰痂形成、痰液黏稠度、咳嗽和湿化不满意的发生,最优方法分别为湿化泵持续泵入、镇痛泵持续泵入、MR400湿化器和输液器持续泵入。结论 综合网状Meta分析及概率排序结果,考虑到喉癌患者术后早期下床活动,推荐便携式持续湿化方法。
Objective To access the effects of multiple airway humidification methods for postoperative patients with laryngeal cancer.Methods PubMed,Cochrane Library,EMbase,Web of Science,Ovid,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang database,CBM and Google Scholar were searched systematically from establishment to February 2023,respectively.Related randomized controlled trials on airway humidification for postoperative patients with laryngeal cancer was analyzed and the quality of the literature was assessed using the JBI 2016 RCT evaluation.The network Meta analysis was performed using ADDIS 1.16.5 softwares.Results A total of 18 articles and 1596 patients were inciuded.The results showed that the analgesia pump continued to pump into the airway compared with the syringe intermittently drip and the spray bottle intermittent spray was statistically different in the formation of sputum[OR(95%CI)=537.70(4.18,124 511.88),0(0,0.52),P<0.05].In terms of satisfaction of wetness,the difference between the intermittent drop of the syringe and the intermittent spray of the spray bottle was statistically different[OR(95%CI)=8.55(1.40,73.35),P<0.05],the others were not statistically different(P>0.05).Probability ranking table shows that the optimal methods were the humidification pump continues to pump into the airway,the analgesia pump continued to pump into the airway,the MR400 humidifier and the infusion set continuously pumped into the airway,which were beneficial to the reduction in pulmonary infection,tracheal mucosal hemorrhage and formation of phlegm callus,the degree of sputum viscosity,cough and unsatisfactory wetness.Conclusions Based on the comprehensive mesh meta-analysis and probability ranking results,a portable continuous humidification method is recommended considering the early post-operative activities of laryngeal cancer patients.