目的 探究在胸腰段椎体成形术椎再骨折患者中采用后路椎体次全切治疗的临床疗效,并对其进行探讨与分析。方法 随机选取2019年1月—2021年1月于我院骨科治疗的胸腰段椎体成形术椎再骨折患者58例作为研究对象。给予患者后路椎体次全切治疗,记录患者的手术时间及术中出血量,对比手术前以及手术后6个月患者的VAS疼痛评分、后凸Cobb角、椎体高度、椎管容积率以及美国脊柱损伤协会(ASIA)损伤分级。结果 患者的手术时间为1.4～3.8 h,手术平均时间为(2.45±0.61)h,患者术中出血量为580～1 470 mL,术中平均出血量为(835.48±134.75)mL。手术后6个月患者的VAS疼痛评分低于手术前(P＜0.05);手术后6个月患者的后凸Cobb角小于手术前(P＜0.05);手术后6个月患者的椎体高度和椎管容积率均大于手术前(P＜0.05);患者手术前ASIA损伤分级: A级12例、B级14例、C级16例、D级12例、E级4例;患者手术后6个月ASIA损伤分级:A级5例、B级8例、C级13例、D级15例、E级17例。结论 在胸腰段椎体成形术椎再骨折患者中采用后路椎体次全切治疗可缓解患者的疼痛感,减小后凸Cobb角,增大椎体高度和椎管容积率以及改善患者的ASIA损伤分级。

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of posterior subtotal vertebral dissection in patients with vertebral re-fractures of thoracolumbar segmental vertebroplasty. Methods Fifty-eight patients with thoracolumbar segmental vertebroplasty vertebral re-fractures treated in the orthopedic department of our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were randomly selected as study subjects.The patients were treated with posterior subtotal vertebral dissection, and the operating time and intraoperative bleeding of the patients were recorded, and the VAS pain score, posterior convex Cobb angle, vertebral body height, spinal canal volume ratio, and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) injury classification were compared in patients before and 6 months after surgery. Results The operating time was 1.4-3.8 hours, with a mean of (2.45±0.61) hours, and the intraoperative bleeding was 580-1470 mL, with a mean of (835.48±134.75) mL.The VAS pain scores at 6 months after surgery were lower than those before surgery (P<0.05); the posterior convex Cobb angle at 6 months after surgery was smaller than that before surgery (P<0.05); the vertebral body height and spinal canal volume ratio at 6 months after surgery were greater than those before surgery (P<0.05). Preoperative ASIA injury grading: 12 cases with grade A, 14 cases with grade B, 16 cases with grade C, 12 cases with grade D and 4 cases with grade E; six months after surgery, 5 cases with grade A, 8 cases with grade B, 13 cases with grade C, 15 cases with grade D, and 17 cases with grade E. Conclusion Posterior subtotal vertebral body resection could relieve pain of thoracolumbar vertebroplasty fractures, reduce the posterior convex Cobb angle, increase vertebral body height and spinal canal volume, and improve ASIA injury classification.

目的 分析补阳还五汤加减治疗肾病综合征(NS)的临床疗效。方法 选择本院2019年1月—2021年1月住院治疗的120例NS患者,通过随机数字表法分组,参照组60例患者采纳常规西医治疗,试验组60例患者在参照组基础上予以补阳还五汤治疗,对比2组临床疗效、中医症候积分、肾功能指标、不良反应总发生率。结果 试验组临床总有效率(96.67%)高于参照组(80.00%),试验组治疗后浮肿少尿、腰膝酸软、腹部胀满、头晕乏力积分均低于参照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。治疗后试验组24 h尿蛋白、尿素氮均比参照组低,差异有统计学意义P＜0.05,血肌酐治疗前后差异无统计学意义P>0.05。试验组不良反应总发生率(5.00%)与参照组(6.67%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 补阳还五汤可有效改善NS患者临床症状、肾功能,降低蛋白尿,且不良反应较少,安全性较高,疗效确切。

Objective To analyze the clinical effect of addition or reduction of Buyang Huanwu decoction in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome (NS). Methods A total of 120 NS patients in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were divided into two groups by random digital table method. Sixty patients in the control group were treated by conventional western medicine, 60 patients in the experimental group were treated with Buyang Huanwu decoction on the basis of control group.The clinical efficacy, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score, renal function index and total incidence of adverse reactions were compared. Results The total clinical effective rate of the experimental group (96.67%) was higher than that of the control group (80.00%). The scores of edema and oliguria, lumbar and knee pain and limpness, abdominal distention and dizziness after treatment in the experimental group were all lower than those in the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). After treatment, 24 h urinary protein volume and blood urea nitrogen level in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in serum creatinine before and after treatment (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the experimental group (5.00%) and the control group (6.67%,P>0.05). Conclusion Buyang Huanwu decoction could effectively improve the clinical symptoms and renal function, reduce proteinuria, and had less adverse reactions, high safety level and accurate curative effect.

目的 探讨大脑中动脉(MCA)粥样硬化斑块与脑梗死类型的相关性。方法 收集2018年1月—2020年12月的大脑中动脉粥样硬化患者178例,根据患者的临床表现、病史及诊断将患者分为脑梗死组(77例,按梗死部位分为深穿支梗死组、皮质梗死组和分水岭梗死组)和非脑梗死组(101例)。2组患者使用高分辨率核磁共振成像法(HRMRI)检查患者的双侧MCA粥样硬化斑块的特征,包括形态、信号强度及分布位置,从而统计分析粥样斑块特征与脑梗死类型之间的关系。结果 178例患者中77例为脑梗死患者。脑梗死组患者的强化率为55/77(71.4%),无脑梗死组患者的强化率为53/101(52.5%),相比差异有统计学意义(χ²=2.575,P=0.027)。其中脑梗死组中深穿支梗死组强化率为17/23(73.9%,χ²=8.707,P=0.021),皮质梗死组的强化率为13/19(68.4%,χ²=6.244,P=0.017),分水岭梗死组的强化率为25/35(71.4%,χ²=4.963,P=0.028),较非强化相比差异均有统计学意义。结论 大脑中动脉粥样硬化斑块的特征与脑梗死类型关系密切,斑块特征可反映斑块的稳定性,HRMRI对斑块稳定性的判断可预测脑梗死的发生及梗死位置。

Objective To explore the correlation between middle cerebral artery (MCA) atherosclerotic plaque and cerebral infarction patterns. Methods From January 2018 to December 2020, 178 patients with MCA atherosclerosis were divided into cerebral infarction group (77 cases, divided into deep perforating branch infarction group, cortical infarction group and watershed infarction group according to the infarct location) and non-cerebral infarction group (101 cases) according to their clinical manifestations, medical history and diagnosis.Two groups of patients underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) to examine the characteristics of bilateral MCA atherosclerotic plaques, including morphology, signal intensity and distribution location, to statistically analyze the relationship between the characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque and the patterns of cerebral infarction. Results Of 178 patients, 77 patients with cerebral infarction.The enhancement rate of the cerebral infarction group was 55/77 (71.4%), and that of the non-cerebral infarction group was 53/101 (52.5%), and difference between the two group had statistical significance(χ²=2.575, P=0.027). In the cerebral infarction group, the enhancement rate of the deep perforating branch infarction group was 17/23 (73.9%,χ²=8.707, P=0.021), that of the cortical infarction group was 13/19 (68.4%,χ²=6.244, P=0.017), and that of the watershed infarction group was 25/35 (71.4%,χ²=4.963, P=0.028), and the difference was statistically significant compared with the non-enhanced group. Conclusion The characteristics of MCA atherosclerotic plaque were closely related to the patterns of cerebral infarction,and the characteristics of plaque can reflect the stability of plaque.The judgment of plaque stability by HRMRI may predict the occurrence and paterrn of cerebral infarction.

目的 探讨组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂曲古霉素对肝癌细胞增殖凋亡是否存在影响,及该抑制作用是否与自噬相关。方法 采用MTT法检测不同浓度曲古霉素作用于肝癌HepG2细胞24 h、48 h、72 h以后肝癌细胞的增殖能力;使用流式细胞术检测不同浓度曲古霉素对HepG2肝癌细胞周期及凋亡的影响;蛋白印迹法(Western blot, WB)检测不同浓度曲古霉素对肝癌HepG2细胞中Beclin1和Bcl-2蛋白的表达;实时荧光定量 PCR(Real-time PCR, RT-PCR)检测不同浓度曲古霉素对肝癌HepG2细胞中Beclin1和Bcl-2 mRNA的表达。结果 曲古霉素对肝癌HepG2细胞具有增殖抑制作用,与对照组相比较,其差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);通过流式细胞术检测结果显示,曲古霉素作用于肝癌HepG2细胞后,随着浓度的增加,细胞凋亡率显著上升,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);RT-PCR及WB实验观察到,Beclin1蛋白和mMRA的表达随着曲古霉素浓度的增加而逐渐升高,Bcl-2蛋白和mMRA的表达随着曲古霉素作用浓度的增加而逐渐降低,且与对照组相比,其差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 曲古霉素能抑制肝癌细胞的增殖,而且这种作用机制与诱导肝癌细胞凋亡和自噬作用有相关性。

Objective To investigate whether histone deacetylase inhibitor hachimycin has an effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and whether the inhibition is related to autophagy. Methods MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation ability of HepG2 cells treated with hachimycin of different concentrations for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h.Flow cytometry was used to detect the effects of different concentrations of hachimycin on HepG2 hepatoma cell cycle and apoptosis.Western blot (WB) assay was used to detect Beclin1 and Bcl-2 expressions in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells under different hachimycin concentrations.Beclin1 and Bcl-2 mRNA expressions under different hachimycin concentrations in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were detected by RT-PCR. Results Hachimycin inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells, compared with the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Flow cytometry results showed that the apoptosis rate of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells was significantly increased with the increase of hachimycin concentration, compared with the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). RT-PCR and WB results showed that Beclin1 protein and mMRA expression gradually increased with the increase of hachimycin concentration, while Bcl-2 protein and mMRA expression gradually decreased, compared with the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Hachimycin could inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and its mechanism was related to the induction of apoptosis and autophagy.

目的 分析心力衰竭伴快速心房颤动(简称:心衰伴快速房颤)患者接受胺碘酮急诊抢救治疗的效果及对24 h心室率的影响。方法 将2017年1月—2020年12月急诊接诊且行西地兰治疗的60例心衰伴快速房颤患者作为对照组,将同期急诊接诊且行胺碘酮治疗的60例心衰伴快速房颤患者作为观察组,对组间心功能指标、炎症因子水平、心室率、临床疗效、药物不良反应展开分析。结果 ①组间心功能指标、炎症因子水平在治疗前无差异,P>0.05;观察组心功能指标、炎症因子水平在治疗后优于对照组,P<0.05;②组间心室率在治疗前无差异,P>0.05;观察组治疗后4 h、12 h、24 h心室率均低于对照组,P<0.05;③观察组5例无效(8.33%),对照组14例无效(23.33%),P<0.05;④观察组药物不良反应率(3.33%)与对照组药物不良反应率(5.00%)无差异,P>0.05。结论 在急诊抢救心衰伴快速房颤患者时采用胺碘酮,可以改善患者心功能、炎症反应、心室率,加之无明显不良反应,值得推广。

Objective To analyze the efficacy of emergency treatment with amiodarone and its influence on 24-hour ventricular rate in patients with heart failure and rapid atrial fibrillation. Methods From January 2017 to December 2020, 60 patients with heart failure and rapid atrial fibrillation who received emergency treatment and cedilanide treatment were selected as the control group, and 60 patients with heart failure and rapid atrial fibrillation who received emergency treatment and amiodarone treatment at the same period were selected as the observation group. Results ① There was no significant difference in cardiac function index and inflammatory factors level between the two groups before treatment, P>0.05.The cardiac function index and inflammatory factors level of the observation group were more improved than those of the control group after treatment, P<0.05. ② There was no significant difference in ventricular rate between the two groups before treatment, P>0.05.The ventricular rates of the observation group at 4 h, 12 h and 24 h after treatment were lower than those of the control group, P< 0.05. ③ Treatment for 5 cases (8.33%) in the observation group, 14 cases (23.33%) in the control group were ineffective, P<0.05. ④ There was no significant difference in the adverse drug reaction incidence between the observation group (3.33%) and the control group (5.00%), P>0.05. Conclusion Amiodarone could improve the cardiac function, inflammatory reaction and ventricular rate of patients with heart failure and rapid atrial fibrillation in emergency treatment, and there was no obvious adverse reaction, so it is worthy of promotion.

目的 探讨地西他滨(DAC)联合沙利度胺对骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)患者的病态造血及疗效的影响。方法 以本院自2014年6月—2020年5月收治的MDS患者为研究总体,行便利抽样法选择60例于收治期间行输血、抗感染及诸如促红生成素 (EPO)+集落刺激因子(CSF)等细胞因子治疗效果不佳的MDS开展研究,按完全区化原则设立对照组及观察组,予以对照组沙利度胺治疗,观察组则于对照组基础上施予地西他滨(DAC)行联合治疗,比较2组疗效、血象相关指标、病态造血改善情况及预后转归。结果 观察组ORR为51.61%,与对照组的26.67%相比更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经治疗,2组血小板计数(PLT)、血红蛋白(HGB)、中性粒细胞计数(ANC)水平均见一定程度上升,骨髓原始细胞(bls)水平则见下降,观察组PLT、HGB、ANC相较于对照组更高,bls水平则更低(P<0.05);于2020年5月截止随访,随访时间8~96个月,中位随访时间68个月。于治疗及随访中行骨髓形态检查及染色体核型鉴别均表现正常。关于病态造血改善情况,2组T1率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组国际预后积分系统评分整体优于对照组(P<0.05);2组Ⅰ~Ⅳ级不良反应比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组5年总生存时间率为63.33%,相较于对照组的36.67%更高(P<0.05)。结论 相较于单一沙利度胺治疗,应用地西他滨联合沙利度胺治疗MDS,疗效更为确切,且可改善血象指标,拥有一定T1率,且预后转归表现较好。

Objective To investigate the impact of decitabine (DAC) combined with thalidomide on dyshaematopoiesis and efficacy in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Methods Patients with MDS admitted to our hospital from June 2014 to May 2020 were selected as the research population.Among them, 60 MDS cases were selected by convenience sampling method, which had poor therapeutic effect with treatment of blood transfusion, anti-infection and cytokines treatments such as erythropoietin (EPO)+ colony stimulating factor (CSF). The control group and the observation group were set up according to the principle of complete block, and the control group was treated with thalidomide while the observation group was treated with decitabine (DAC) on the basis of the control group.The efficacy, hemogram-related indicators, improvement of dyshaematopoiesis and prognosis outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results The overall response rate (ORR) of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (51.61%vs 26.67%, P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of platelet (PLT), hemoglobin (HGB) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) in the two groups were increased to a certain extent while the level of bone marrow blasts(bls) was decreased, and the levels of PLT, HGB and ANC of the observation group were higher than those of the control group while the level of bls was lower (P<0.05). The follow-up deadline was May 2020, and the follow-up time was 8-96 months and the median follow-up time was 68 months.During treatment and follow-up, bone marrow morphology examination and chromosome karyotype identification results were normal.Regarding the improvement of dyshaematopoiesis, the difference in T1 rate between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The revised International Prognostic Scoring System prognosis score of the observation group was better than that of the control group (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of grade I~IV adverse reactions (P>0.05). The 5-year overall survival rate of the observation group was 63.33%, which was higher than 36.67%of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with thalidomide only treatment, the application of decitabine combined with thalidomide in the treatment of MDS had a more accurate efficacy, improved hemogram indicators, and had a certain T1 rate and good prognosis outcomes.

目的 探讨老年吸入性肺炎的危险因素,建立风险预测模型,以期降低老年吸入性肺炎的发病率。方法 选取2017年8月28日—2020年 10月30日广州市第一人民医院老年病科住院治疗的老年肺炎患者205例,按照是否发生吸入性肺炎分为吸入性肺炎组和非吸入性肺炎组,对比2组患者的各项指标,分析老年吸入性肺炎的危险因素,建立风险预测模型,采用ROC曲线对模型进行预测效果检验。结果 多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,脑梗塞、帕金森、留置胃管、长期卧床为老年吸入性肺炎的危险因素(P<0.05)。模型公式为Logit(P)=-2.952+1.221X₂+2.417X₃+2.388X₈+1.683X₁₀。该模型ROC曲线下面积为0.894。结论 本研究中的模型预测效果良好,可为医护人员预测老年患者发生吸入性肺炎的概率,及时采取相应的预见性护理及干预性治疗。

Objective To explore the risk factors of aspiration pneumonia in the elderly and establish the risk prediction model, in order to reduce the incidence of aspiration pneumonia in the elderly. Methods A total of 205 elderly patients with pneumonia who were hospitalized in the department of geriatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital from August 28, 2017 to October 30, 2020, were divided into aspiration pneumonia group and non-aspiration pneumonia group according to whether aspiration pneumonia occurred. The indicators of the two groups of patients were compared, the risk factors of aspiration pneumonia in the elderly were analyzed, the risk prediction model was established, and the prediction effect of the model was tested by receiver operating characteristic curve. Results Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that cerebral infarction, Parkinson's disease, indwelling nasogastric tube, and being bedridden were risk factors for aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients (P<0.05). The model formula was Logit (P)=-2.952+1.221X₂+2.417X₃+2.388X₈+1.683X₁₀. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve of this model was 0.894. Conclusion The prediction effect of the model in this study was good, which could predict the probability of aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients for medical staff, and to timely take the corresponding predictive care and interventional treatment.

目的 为初步评估在无创辅助通气基础上进行雾化肺表面活性物质(AS)治疗呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)早产儿的安全性及效果,开展了此项临床研究。方法 2019年7月—2020年6月,经监护人知情同意,符合入选标准的RDS早产儿,入院后在经鼻间歇正压通气(NIPPV)基础上,通过振动筛网雾化器系统给予100 mg/kg注射用牛肺表面活性剂,雾化完毕继续无创辅助通气。详细观察及记录患儿在雾化初期的生命体征及血气分析结果,记录在雾化治疗期间不良反应发生情况以及患儿病情转归情况。结果 20例患儿参与研究,1例出生后26天死亡,其余均存活出院。5例在AS治疗后3天内无创辅助通气失败。和雾化前比较,AS治疗后1小时患儿血气分析主要指标均改善,血氧饱和度上升,心率下降(P＜0.05),但血压及呼吸机参数无明显变化(P＞0.05)。在雾化过程中,所有患儿无明显不良反应发生。结论 此项临床研究初步显示AS联合无创辅助通气治疗早产儿RDS是安全可行的,但尚需进一步临床研究评估其效果。

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of non-invasive ventilation with aerosolized surfactant (AS) in the treatment of premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Methods From July 2019 to June 2020, in this unblinded Phase I study, the premature infants with RDS who met the criteria with the informed consent of their guardians were enrolled. They were treated with nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) and received one dose (100 mg/kg) of aerosolized surfactant by vibrating mesh system (Aeroneb Solo) after hospitalization. The vital signs, adverse reactions and blood gas during areosolizing were recorded and prognosis of them also recorded in detail. Results Twenty infants were enrolled, nineteen completed the study, one died in 26 days. Five infants still required endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation after AS treatment. One hour after AS treatment, infants' oxygen saturation and indicators of pulse oximetry improved (P＜0.05), and heart rate decreased (P＜0.05) , but blood pressure and parameters of ventilator had no change (P＞0.05). Infants all tolerated the aerosol treatment well. No other significant adverse events were identified. Conclusion We have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of AS treatment in preterm infants with RDS receiving non-invasive respiratory support. The treatment was well tolerated by infants and clinical caregivers , but still need further study.

目的 探究2型糖尿病患者的肾糖阈(RTG)及相关因素。方法 本院对2014年12月—2018年9月466例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,正常肾糖阀值为8.9～10 mmol/L,据此将患者分为高阀值组、中等阀值组以及低阀值组,不同组肾糖范围分别为RTG＞10 mmol/L、8.9 mmol/L≤RTG≤10 mmol/L、RTG＜8.9 mmol/L,以此对各组生化特征进行分析。结果 高阀值组与中等阀值组相比,RTG值、年龄、病程、空腹血糖(FPG)、体质量指数(BMI)、总胆固醇(TC)、血糖均值(MBG)、24 h血糖对比差异明显,P＜0.05。高阀值组与低阀值组相比,RTG值、性别、FPG、BMI、TC、MBG、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)对比有差异,P＜0.05。性别、年龄、BMI、HbA1C、TC以及低密度酶蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)与2型糖尿病相关,且呈正比关系,P＜0.05;通过多元线性回归分析发现,2型糖尿病的影响因素主要有BMI、HbA1C、LDL-C,数据具有统计学意义,P＜0.05。结论 较多2型糖尿病患者肾糖阀值较高,且肾糖阀值与HbA1C、LDL-C相关。

目的 探讨臂丛神经阻滞和关节腔内注射局麻药联合应用在肩关节镜手术中的应用价值。方法 对肩关节镜手术患者100例进行研究,2018年8月—2020年8月入组,根据随机数字表法分组处理,对照组和观察组各为50例,前者用臂丛神经阻滞,后者与关节腔内注射局麻药联合,比较2组麻醉效果、不同阶段疼痛程度、肩关节功能。另对比2组不良反应。结果 观察组麻醉起效时间、苏醒时间和拔管时间分别为(10.72±2.45)min、(8.21±1.32)min和(9.52±1.12)min,与对照组对应指标有差异(P<0.05);2组术前疼痛程度和肩关节功能对比无差异(P>0.05),观察组术后6 h、术后24 h和术后48 h疼痛评分依次为(1.31±0.27)分、(2.87±0.52)分和(3.44±0.42)分,术后6 h、术后12 h、术后24 h和术后48 h镇静评分分别为(2.92±0.32)分、(2.54±0.24)分、(2.38±0.12)分和(2.27±0.15)分,术后1周、1个月和3个月的肩关节功能评分分别为(50.12±4.54)分、(56.18±4.12)分和(73.16±4.78)分,较之于对照组有差异(P<0.05);对照组和观察组出现不良反应的概率分别为18.00%和4.00%(P<0.05)。 结论 在肩关节镜手术中联合应用臂丛神经阻滞联合关节腔内注射局麻药麻醉方式,可提高麻醉效果,术后镇痛和镇静效果明显,也可减少不良反应,对患者肩关节功能改善作用明显,存在广泛应用价值。