主动脉外科已走过70年的辉煌岁月,现有诊疗体系已基本解决“挽救患者生命”的重要时代议题。如今,新一轮科技革命悄然来临,我国主动脉外科广大同仁应主动转变以“量”取胜的传统观念,寻找学科内容不足,明确诊疗环节短板,提炼问题底层逻辑,以“质”换空间,扩展学科边界。学科发展更应秉持开放包容之心态,坚持守正创新之原则,借助不同学科技术优势,努力解决目前诊疗活动各环节中仍存在的问题及争议点,为我国广大人民群众提供精细化的诊疗服务。
For the past 70 years of aortic surgery,the current diagnosis and treatment strategies have generally solved the important issue of “saving lives”.Nowadays,the new scientific and technological revolution is coming.The practitioners in aortic surgery should change the traditional perception and look for the insufficiency and the shortcomings of diagnosis and treatment,which finally expand the boundaries of the discipline.Moreover,the discipline development shall be more open-minded and persist in innovation.We should take the advantages of different discipline technologies,and strive to solve the current issues and controversies remaining in diagnosis and treatment toward providing refined services for the public.
目的 通过总结分析我国华东五省市紧密型城市医疗集团的实践经验,为全面推进紧密型城市医疗集团建设,促进区域内医疗资源的优化整合和高效利用提供借鉴和参考。方法 采用内容分析法从责权协同、资源协同、业务协同和机制协同四个维度对上海闵行、浙江湖州、江苏淮安、安徽铜陵、山东青岛五个紧密型医疗集团建设的实践经验进行梳理和对比分析。结果 各地区医疗集团建设总体具备政府主导,集团共建,一体化管理、同质化服务等紧密型医疗集团特点,但存在权责归属失配、利益分配机制缺失、信息化建设不均衡、基层服务能力不足、一体化管理不全面、机制协同有待加强等问题。结论 建议通过完善治理体系、均衡利益分配、强化数字赋能、推进强基提能、落实配套政策等措施,切实推动紧密型城市医疗集团高质量发展。
Objective To summarize and analyze the practical experience of compact city medical groups in five provinces and cities in East China,for reference of promoting the construction of compact city medical groups,and promoting the optimization,integration and efficient utilization of medical resources in the region.Methods The content analysis method was used to sort out and compare the practical experience of building such compact medical groups in Shanghai Minhang,Zhejiang Huzhou,Jiangsu Huai’an,Anhui Tongling and Shandong Qingdao from the four dimensions of responsibility and power synergy,resource synergy,business synergy and mechanism synergy.Results Such medical groups are characterized by government-led,group co-construction,integrated management,and homogeneous services.However,there are such problems as mismatched ownership of rights and responsibilities,lack of interest distribution mechanism,unbalanced information construction,insufficient primary service capacity,incomplete integrated management,and mechanism coordination to be strengthened.Conclusions It is recommended to effectively promote the high-quality development of compact city medical groups by improving the governance system,balancing the distribution of interests,strengthening digital empowerment,promoting the strengthening of energy,and implementing supporting policies.
铁死亡是一种以铁依赖性脂质过氧化为特征的程序性细胞死亡形式。近年来研究表明,铁死亡与缺氧应答的关键调控因子——缺氧诱导因子(HIF)存在密切关联。HIF(包括HIF-1α、HIF-2α、HIF-3α三种亚型)调控的铁死亡在结直肠癌、胃癌、溃疡性结肠炎及其他胃肠黏膜损伤性疾病中发挥作用,影响疾病的发生发展。但目前关于HIF-铁死亡通路在不同胃肠道疾病中的差异化作用及调控机制尚未完全阐明。因此,本文对HIF各亚型调控铁死亡的分子机制及其在胃肠道疾病中的作用进行综述,以期为靶向HIF-铁死亡通路治疗相关疾病提供新的思路。
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation.Recentstudies have demonstrated a close association between ferroptosis and hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF),the key regulator of the hypoxic response.Ferroptosis regulated by HIF(comprising three isoforms:HIF-1α,HIF-2α,and HIF-3α)plays a role in colorectal cancer,gastric cancer,ulcerative colitis,and other gastrointestinal mucosal injury diseases,impacting their initiation and progression.However,the differential roles and regulatory mechanisms of the HIF-ferroptosis pathway in various gastrointestinal diseases remain incompletely elucidated.Therefore,this review summarizes the molecular mechanism networks through which individual HIF isoforms regulate ferroptosis and their roles in gastrointestinal diseases,with the aim of providing new perspectives for targeting the HIF-ferroptosis pathway to treat relevant diseases.
动脉粥样硬化(AS)是一种起始于炎症介导的内皮损伤的慢性血管疾病,其本质是免疫炎症驱动的病理过程,是众多心血管疾病的病理基础。CD4+ T细胞亚群[包括辅助性T细胞1型(T helper 1 cell,Th1)、Th2、Th17、调节性T细胞等]通过分泌特异性细胞因子参与AS的炎症反应,其中促炎性CD4+ T细胞与抗炎性CD4+ T细胞的抗炎功能失衡是推动斑块进展的关键环节,在AS斑块形成与发展中起关键作用。近年来,多项研究表明某些中药单体、经典复方及其有效成分,具有多靶点、多层次机制调控CD4+ T细胞分化及功能,这些作用共同减轻血管内皮炎症反应、抑制巨噬细胞泡沫化及平滑肌细胞迁移等,延缓AS斑块形成与发展,为AS防治提供了新思路,展现了中医药在该领域的研究展现出独特优势与广阔前景,本文综述了中医药通过干预CD4+ T细胞亚群平衡防治AS的最新研究进展,及其影响相关细胞因子网络及关键信号通路的作用机制,为开发具有多靶点协同优势的创新中药与中西医结合治疗方案提供了关键理论依据与实践方向。
Atherosclerosis(AS)is a chronic vascular disease that originates from inflammation mediated endothelialdamage.Its essence is a pathological process driven by immune inflammation,and it is the pathological basis of many cardiovascular diseases.CD4+ T cell subsets(including Th1,Th2,Th17,Treg,etc.)participate in the inflammatory response of AS by secreting specific cytokines.The imbalance of anti-inflammatory function between pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cells and anti-inflammatory CD4+T cells is a key link in promoting plaque progression and playing a crucial role in the formation and development of AS plaques.In recent years,a number of studies have shown that the monomers,classic prescriptions and their effective ingredients of Chinese herbs have the effect of multi-target,multi-level mechanism to regulate the differentiation and function of CD4+ T cells.These effects together reduce the inflammatory reaction of vascular endothelium,inhibit the foam formation of macrophages and smooth muscle cell migration,delay the formation and development of AS plaque,provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of AS,and make the research of Chinese medicine show unique advantages and broad prospects in this field.This article reviews the latest research progress of Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of AS by intervening in the balance of CD4+ T cell subsets,as well as the mechanism of its effects on related cytokine networks and key signal pathways.This provides a key theoretical basis and practical direction for the development of innovative traditional Chinese medicine and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment plans with multi-target synergistic advantages.
述情障碍(alexithymia)是一种主要表现为难以识别和描述情绪情感、社交依附和人际交往能力匮乏的人格特质与心理特征。近年来,述情障碍的发生在青少年群体中日益普遍,这不仅对青少年的身心健康造成威胁,还给家庭与社会带来沉重负担。因此,本研究通过系统回顾国内外相关文献,综述青少年述情障碍的评估工具、影响因素及干预方式,旨在为青少年述情障碍的早期识别与预防,以及干预措施的制定与应用提供参考依据。
Alexithymia is a psychological trait characterized by difficulty in identifying and describing emotional feelings,as well as deficits in social attachment and interpersonal communication skills.In recent years,the prevalence of alexithymia among adolescents has become increasingly common,posing significant threats to their physical and mental health and imposing a heavy burden on families and society.This study conducts a systematic review of relevant literature from domestic and international databases to examine the influencing factors,assessment tools,and intervention strategies for adolescent alexithymia.The findings aim to provide a reference for early identification,prevention,and the development and application of targeted interventions for adolescentalexithymia.
目的 针对孤独症多模态证据融合与定量化辨识的关键问题,本研究提出基于图卷积神经网络(GCN)的孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)诊断模型研究思路。方法 通过对来源于ABIDE的ASD儿童脑部fMRI数据进行整理和筛选,提取脑区功能连接矩阵作为图结构的邻接矩阵,并融合临床表型数据,构建了ASD多模态关联网络。通过网络特征比较分析,识别出了ASD与典型发育组的脑功能连接网络组间差异。进一步地构建一个端到端的GCN模型,并尝试引入注意力机制,提高模型决策的可解释性。结果 该模型在诊断性能指标优于传统机器学习方法(准确率=0.710,精确率=0.709,召回率=0.780,F1=0.743,曲线下面积=0.746)。背侧注意网络与边缘系统-颞极枢纽的功能连接减弱是模型做出判断的最主要依据。结论 以异质图为多模态数据整合的基本架构,本模型为ASD的潜在病理机制探索提供了新的方法学范例。
Objective To develop a quantitative model for autism spectrum disorder(ASD)integration multimodal evidences.Methods The fMRI dataset from ABIDE was used for extracting connectivity function network of ASD after data preprocessing.Difference between ASD and typical development about their brain connectivity function was evaluated with t-test.Integrating phenotypic data and fMRI dataset,an graph convolutional neural network (GCN)with attention module was estimated and compared against benchmark models about their efficiency and interpretability.Results The GCN model was evaluated outperformed other models with better accuracy indices.And regions from Dorsal Attention Network and Limbic-Temporal Pole were ranked as the highest weights for the differentiation in the model.Conclusions This study provided a novel paradigm for quantitative diagnosis and exploring pathogenesis of ASD.
目的 免疫球蛋白A肾病(IgAN)与炎症性肠病(IBD)的相互作用机制尚未阐明。本研究旨在解析IBD与IgAN共病的关键特征基因及核心信号通路,以揭示肠-肾轴的分子调控网络。方法 于GEO数据库获取IBD(GSE75214)和IgAN(GSE93798)基因表达谱,筛选差异表达基因(DEGs)。通过蛋白互作网络(PPI)和拓扑算法(MCC、MNC、Degree、EPC等)识别核心特征基因,并结合公共数据库(CTD、DISEASES和GeneCards)和单细胞转录组测序(GSE171314)进行验证。通过Nephroseq数据库验证基因表达与临床表型的相关性。结果 共筛选出17个IBD-IgAN共病DEGs,PPI网络分析等确定以FOS、EGR1、CXCL2和JUNB为核心特征基因。功能富集分析显示白细胞介素-17(IL-17)信号通路显著激活。单细胞测序验证FOS、EGR1、CXCL2和JUNB基因在IgAN特异性高表达,并通过Nephroseq数据库验证其与尿蛋白和估算的肾小球滤过率下降(eGFR)显著相关。结论 本研究揭示IBD与IgAN共享IL-17通路异常激活及FOS、EGR1、CXCL2和JUNB的基因网络,为开发基于肠-肾轴调控的靶向治疗策略提供理论依据。
Objective The complex interplay between immunoglobulin A nephropathy(IgAN)and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)remains poorly understood.This study aimed to identify key cross-talk genes and pivotal signaling pathways shared between IBD and IgAN,thereby elucidating the molecular regulatory network underlying the gut-kidney axis.Methods Transcriptomic datasets for IBD(GSE75214)and IgAN(GSE93798)were retrieved from the GEO database.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were screened,and shared DEGs were intersected.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks were constructed using STRING and Cytoscape,with topological algorithms applied to identify hub genes.Gene expression profiles were validated through(CTD,DISEASES and GeneCards)and single-cell RNA sequencing(GSE171314)and the Nephroseq database,focusing on clinical correlations with proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR).Results Seventeen shared DEGs were identified between IBD and IgAN.PPI network analysis revealed FOS,EGR1,CXCL2 and JUNB as core hub genes.Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated significant activation of the interleukin-17(IL-17)signaling pathway.Single-cell sequencing confirmed the specific upregulation of these genes in renal tubular epithelial cells of IgAN patients,which was further validated to correlate with proteinuria and eGFR decline.Conclusions IBD and IgAN share aberrant activation of the IL-17 pathway and a co-regulatory gene network involving FOS,EGR1,CXCL2 and JUNB,providing a theoretical foundation for developing therapeutic strategies centered on the gut-kidney axis.
目的 系统评价护士的护理伦理敏感性现状及影响因素,为针对性干预提供参考。方法 检索国内外相关数据库,检索时限为2024年7月护士的护理伦理敏感性现状及影响因素的相关文献。由两名分析人员独立筛选文献、提取资料、质量评价后采用Stata 15.0和RevMan 5.3软件进行meta分析。结果 纳入16篇文献,包括4 961例研究对象。Meta分析结果显示,护士的护理伦理敏感性处于中等偏高水平,总分为[OR=67.29,95%CI(53.24,81.34)]分。年龄[OR=2.78,95%CI(1.45,5.33),P=0.002]、工作年限[OR=3.55,95%CI(1.35,9.33),P=0.001]、伦理知识教育[OR=14.60,95%CI(4.24,50.32),P<0.001]、共情能力[OR=1.35,95%CI(1.01,1.80),P<0.001]、工作场所氛围[OR=1.85,95%CI(0.42,4.51),P<0.001]、工作嵌入量[OR=3.60,95%CI(0.40,32.84),P=0.001]是护士护理伦理敏感性的主要影响因素。结论 当前证据表明,护士的护理伦理敏感性处于中等偏高水平,影响因素较多,管理者需结合人群特征实施干预,以提高护士护理伦理敏感性水平。
Objective To systematically evaluate the current status of nurses’ ethical sensitivity in nursing and influencing factors that influence it,in order to inform targeted interventions.Methods Domestic and international databases were searched to collect literature related to the current status of nurses’ ethical sensitivity in nursing and the factors influencing it from the year of construction to July 2024.Meta-analysis was performed by two analysts independently screening the literature,extracting information,and quality evaluation using Stata 15.0 and RevMan 5.3 software.Results Sixteen papers including 4 961 study subjects were included.Meta-analysis results showed that nurses had moderately high level of ethical sensitivity in nursing with a total score of 67.29(95%CI[53.24,81.34]).Age(OR=2.78,95%CI[1.45,5.33],P=0.002),years of experience(OR=3.55,95%CI[1.35,9.33],P=0.001),education on ethical knowledge(OR=14.60,95%CI[4.24,50.32],P<0.001),and empathic ability(OR=1.35,95%CI[1.01,1.80],P<0.001),workplace atmosphere(OR=1.85,95%CI[0.42,4.51],P<0.001),and the amount of job embeddedness(OR=3.60,95%CI[0.40,32.84],P=0.001) were the main influences on nurses’ ethical sensitivity in nursing.Conclusions The previous evidence suggests that nurses have moderately high levels of nursing ethical sensitivity,with a high number of influencing factors,and managers need to give interventions that incorporate the characteristics of the population in order to increase the level of nursing ethical sensitivity among nurses.
目的 研究非酒精性脂肪肝老年人体质辨识及中医治未病服务对其治疗效果。方法 选择2023年1月—2024年1月贵州中医药大学第一附属医院就诊的非酒精性脂肪性肝病老年患者70例作为研究对象,根据患者就诊顺序分配为两组。对照组35例,接受常规干预;观察组35例,其在对照组基础上予中医“治未病”理念下体质辨识干预模式。比较两组干预效果,以及干预前后血脂水平、肝功能、生存质量的变化。结果 观察组的治疗总有效率91.43%,高于对照组的68.57%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组各项血脂水平、肝功能、慢性肝病问卷(CLDQ)评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组各项血脂水平优于治疗前,各项肝功能低于治疗前,CLDQ评分高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组的各项血脂水平优于对照组,各项肝功能低于对照组,CLDQ评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 对非酒精性脂肪性肝病老年患者而言,中医“治未病”理念下体质辨识干预服务能够提高其治疗效果,调节血脂水平的异常,改善肝功能及生存质量,值得应用。
Objective To study the physical identification of nonalcoholic fatty liver in the elderly and the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine on preventing disease before arising.Methods A total of 70 elderly patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the study objects.Patients were assigned to two groups,control group(35 cases)received routine intervention,observation group(35 cases)received physical identification intervention based on preventing disease before arising of traditional Chinese medicine additionally.The effect of intervention and the changes of blood lipid levels,liver function and quality of life before and after intervention were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 91.43%,higher than that of the control group(68.57%),the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Before treatment,there were no significant differences in blood lipid levels,liver function and CLDQ scores between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the levels of blood lipids were better than those before treatment,liver function was lower than that before treatment,CLDQ score was higher than that before treatment,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After treatment,the blood lipid levels of the observation group was better than that of the control group,the liver function was lower than that of the control group,and the CLDQ score was higher than that of the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusions For elderly patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,the intervention service of body constitution identification under the concept of preventing disease before arising of traditional Chinese medicine can improve the therapeutic effect,regulate the abnormal blood lipid levels,improve liver function and quality of life,which is worthy of application.
目的 评估ChatGPT 4与Llama 3微调模型在乳腺癌诊断中的应用效果,特别是在超声、钼靶及超声联合钼靶的非结构化报告和影像诊断方面。方法 回顾性收集了689例同时接受乳腺超声和钼靶检查的患者数据,比较两种模型在文本和图像模态下的诊断性能,并探讨乳腺密度对模型表现的影响。结果 在文本模态下,微调Llama 3表现优异,联合诊断准确率达91.7%,优于ChatGPT 4的71.7%。图像模态中两模型准确率均低于70%,但ChatGPT 4灵敏度较高(78.3%),Llama 3特异度突出(98.3%)。分组分析表明,在非致密型乳腺中钼靶表现更佳,而致密型乳腺中超声诊断更具优势。结论 大语言模型在医学图像处理和多模态整合方面仍需进一步优化,医学领域微调的大语言模型在处理非结构化临床文本方面具有潜力。
Objective To evaluate the application effectiveness of ChatGPT 4 and the fine-tuned Llama 3 model in breast cancer diagnosis,particularly in processing unstructured reports and diagnostic imaging of ultrasound,mammography,and their combined modalities.Methods Retrospective data from 689 patients who underwent both breast ultrasound and mammography examinations were collected.The diagnostic performance of the two models was compared across text and image modalities,and the impact of breast density on model performance was explored.Results In the text modality,the fine-tuned Llama 3 model performed excellently,achieving a combined diagnostic accuracy of 91.7%,outperforming 71.7% of ChatGPT 4.In the image modality,both models had accuracies below 70%,but ChatGPT 4 exhibited higher sensitivity(78.3%),while Llama 3 demonstrated outstanding specificity(98.3%).Subgroup analysis indicated that mammography performed better in non-dense breasts,whereas ultrasound was more advantageous in dense breasts.Conclusions The large language models still require further optimization in medical image processing and multimodal integration,but fine-tuned large language models in the medical field show potential in handling unstructured clinical texts.
目的 探讨临床特征联合外周血血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)与α-羟基丁酸脱氢酶(α-HBDH)对卵巢癌的诊断价值。方法 选取2022年6月—2024年6月在天津市中心妇产科医院妇科接收的84例卵巢癌恶性肿瘤患者纳入观察组,同期选取84例卵巢良性病变患者纳入对照组。对比两组患者临床资料及VEGF、α-HBDH水平的差异,分析VEGF、α-HBDH水平与卵巢癌恶性肿瘤患者临床特征的相关性。采用二元Logistics回归分析卵巢癌恶性肿瘤的独立危险因素,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析VEGF、α-HBDH水平诊断卵巢癌恶性肿瘤的价值。结果 观察组年龄、身体质量指数(BMI)及血清CA125、HE4、VEGF、α-HBDH水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),VEGF与α-HBDH水平与国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)分期、分化等级及淋巴结转移均呈正相关关系(P<0.05)。将年龄、BMI、VEGF、α-HBDH作为自变量纳入二元Logistic回归,结果显示BMI、VEGF、α-HBDH是卵巢癌恶性肿瘤的影响因素(P<0.05),ROC曲线分析显示,联合检测VEGF和α-HBDH的AUC达0.921,灵敏度和特异度分别为81.0%和91.7%,优于单独检测(VEGF:AUC=0.702;α-HBDH:AUC=0.796)。结论 BMI联合VEGF与α-HBDH检测可为卵巢癌的诊断提供高效、无创的辅助手段,具有重要临床应用潜力。
Objective To explore the diagnostic value of clinical features combined with peripheral blood vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase(α-HBDH)levels in ovarian cancer.Methods A total of 84 patients with malignant ovarian cancer admitted to the gynecology department of Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics from June 2022 to June 2024 were included in the observation group,and 84 patients with benign ovarian lesions during the same period were included in the control group.The clinical data and VEGF,α-HBDH levels of the two groups were compared.Pearson analysis was used to explore the correlation between VEGF,α-HBDH levels,and clinical characteristics of patients with malignant ovarian cancer.Binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors for malignant ovarian cancer,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were used to analyze the diagnostic value of VEGF and α-HBDH levels for malignant ovarian cancer.Results The observation group had significantly higher age,BMI,and serum CA125,HE4,VEGF,α-HBDH levels compared to the control group(P<0.05).VEGF and α-HBDH levels were significantly positively correlated with FIGO stage,differentiation grade,and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).Age,BMI,VEGF,and α-HBDH were included as independent variables in binary Logistic regression,and the results showed that BMI,VEGF,and α-HBDH levelswere independent risk factors for malignant ovarian cancer(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis revealed that the AUC for combined detection of VEGF and α-HBDH reached 0.921,with sensitivity and specificity of 81.0% and 91.7%,respectively,significantly superior to individual detection(VEGF:AUC=0.702;α-HBDH:AUC=0.796).Conclusions The detection of BMI combined with VEGF and α-HBDH levels can provide an efficient and noninvasive auxiliary means for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer,which has important clinical application potential.
目的 探讨孕中晚期口腔二维轴向切面超声在产前诊断胎儿唇腭裂中的应用价值,评估其对唇裂、唇腭裂及继发腭裂的检出率和准确性。方法 本研究为前瞻性研究,共纳入2020年3月—2023年12月在我院超声科行产前超声诊断的3 666例孕中晚期胎儿,其中经超声检查诊断出111例唇腭裂,这些病例归为唇腭裂组,其余3 555例归入正常对照组。所有受试者均通过口腔二维轴向切面超声进行评估,诊断结果经产后随访确认。结果 在正常对照组中,上唇及上牙槽突的评估成功率为100%,软硬腭分界线显示率为99%,软腭显示率为85%。在唇腭裂组中,超声对唇裂、唇腭裂及继发腭裂的检出率分别为45%、48%和7%,且超声诊断的灵敏度、特异度和预测值均超过98%。结论 孕中晚期口腔二维轴向切面超声在产前诊断胎儿唇腭裂中具有较高的准确性和可靠性,为早期干预和临床管理提供了重要的影像学依据。
Objective To explore the application value of two-dimensional axial section ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis of fetal cleft lip and palate in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy,and to evaluate its detection rate and accuracy for cleft lip,cleft lip and palate,and secondary cleft palate.Methods This study is a prospective study that included 3 666 fetuses in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.Among them,111 cases of cleft lip and palate were diagnosed by ultrasound examination.These cases were classified as the cleft lip and palate group,and the remaining 3 555 cases were classified as the normal control group.All subjects were evaluated by oral two-dimensional axial section ultrasound,and the diagnostic results were confirmed by postpartum follow-up.Results In the normal control group,the success rates of evaluating the upper lip and upper alveolar process were 100%.The present rate of the soft hard palate boundary was 99%,and the present rate of the soft palate was 85%.In the cleft lip and palate group,the detection rates of cleft lip,cleft lip and palate,and secondary cleft palate by ultrasound were 45%,48% and 7% respectively,and the sensitivity,specificity,and predictive value of ultrasound diagnosis exceeded 98%.Conclusions Two dimensional axial section ultrasound of the oral cavity in second and third trimesters of pregnancy has high accuracy and reliability in prenatal diagnosis of fetal cleft lip and palate,providing strong imaging evidence for early intervention and clinical management.
目的 探讨溶酶体相关膜蛋白3(LAMP3)与肾癌发病风险之间的因果关系,为肾癌的分子致病机制提供新的理论依据。方法 基于全基因组关联研究(GWAS)数据,采用孟德尔随机化分析方法,评估LAMP3基因表达与肾癌的因果关系。并通过GEPIA2分析LAMP3表达对肾癌总体生存期(OS)及无病生存期(DFS)的关系。结果 LAMP3基因变异与肾癌风险呈正相关,提示LAMP3的表达可能增加肾癌的发病风险。此外,GEPIA2分析进一步显示,LAMP3的高表达与肾癌患者的低总体生存期(OS)及无病生存期(DFS)显著相关。结论 本研究通过孟德尔随机化分析探讨了LAMP3基因表达与肾癌的因果关系,结果表明LAMP3可能是肾癌的潜在致病因子,并与肾癌预后相关。这为肾癌的分子致病机制研究提供了重要的理论依据,并为未来的生物标志物和靶向治疗策略的开发提供了新的思路。
Objective To investigate the causal relationship between LAMP3 expression and renal cancer risk using Mendelian randomization analysis,providing a theoretical basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying renal cancer.Methods This study utilized data from genome-wide association studies(GWAS)and employed Mendelian randomization analysis to assess the causal relationship between LAMP3 gene expression and renal cancer.Additionally,GEPIA2 was used to examine the association between LAMP3 expression and overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)in renal cancer patients.Results Variants in the LAMP3 gene were positively correlated with renal cancer risk,suggesting that LAMP3 expression may increase the likelihood of developing renal cancer.Furthermore,GEPIA2 analysis revealed that high expression of LAMP3 was significantly associated with lower OS and DFS in renal cancer patients.Conclusions This study explored the causal relationship between LAMP3 gene expression and renal cancer through Mendelian randomization analysis.The results indicate that LAMP3 may be a potential pathogenic factor in renal cancer and is associated with poor prognosis.These findings provide important theoretical insights into the molecular mechanisms of renal cancer and offer new perspectives for the development of biomarkers and targeted therapeutic strategies in the future.
目的 观察桂枝加芍药汤个体化干预治疗儿童功能性腹痛的临床疗效。方法 选取2023年100名在广东省妇幼保健院门急诊就诊确诊为儿童功能性腹痛患儿。100名儿童随机分为两组,益生菌组50名、益生菌+中药个体化干预组50名。连续治疗1周。记录两组患儿卧立位心率、卧立位血压、Rutter 儿童行为量表和中医临床症状的改善情况。结果 益生菌+中药个体化干预组患儿治疗后卧立位心率和Rutter儿童行为量表中N行为评分比益生菌组下降,中医临床症状评分的有效率优于益生菌组。结论 桂枝加芍药汤个性化干预治疗儿童功能性腹痛疗效显著。
Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of individualized intervention with Guizhi plus Shaoyao Decoction in children with functional abdominal pain disorders(FAPDs).Methods A total of 100 children diagnosed with FAPDs at the outpatient and emergency departments of Guangdong Women and Children Hospital were selected.These children were randomly divided into two groups:the probiotics group(50 cases)and the probiotics+traditional Chinese medicine individualized intervention group(50 cases).Both groups received continuous treatment for 1 week.Parameters including supine/upright heart rates,supine/upright blood pressure,Rutter Children’s Behavior Questionnaire,and improvements in traditional Chinese clinical symptom scores were recorded.Results The probiotics+traditional Chinese medicine individualized intervention group exhibited significantly greater reductions in supine/upright heart rates and N-behavior scores compared to the probiotics group.The effective rate of Chinese clinical symptom scores was also significantly higher in the individualized intervention group.Conclusions Individualized intervention of Guizhi plus Shaoyao Decoction has a remarkable efficacy in treating FAPDs in children.
目的 分析布鲁氏菌病的临床表现以及实验室检查结果中的关键特征,系统总结布鲁氏菌病的诊断流程和治疗策略。方法 选择2013年11月—2023年11月在延边大学附属医院通过血清虎红平板凝集试验(RBT)及试管凝集试验(SAT)检测技术确诊的70名布鲁氏菌病住院病例,对患者的流行病学资料、临床表现特征以及常规实验室检查结果进行回顾性分析,进而总结临床特点。结果 70例布鲁氏菌病患者中,男性占84.29%,中位年龄45岁(IQR 35~58岁);91.43%具有牛/羊接触史。急性期占92.86%,主要症状为发热(100%)、多汗(88.57%)、关节痛(84.29%)及肝脾肿大(55.71%),90%为不规则热型。误诊率27.14%,多误诊为败血症或骨关节疾病。联合抗菌药物治疗(利福平+多西环素)有效。结论 延边州布鲁氏菌病非典型症状(如不规则热型)增加导致误诊率高。流行病学史(牛/羊接触史)是诊断关键。需强化对有牛羊接触史人群的防护意识及措施,提高临床对接触史线索和不规则热型等非典型表现的识别能力,规范治疗并控制传染源以遏制疫情。
Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations of brucellosis and the key characteristics in laboratory testing,and systematically summarize the diagnostic process and treatment strategies of brucellosis.Methods The 70 patients with brucellosis diagnosed via rose bengal test(RBT)and standard agglutination test(SAT) were at Yanbian University AffiliatedHospital from November 2013 to November 2023.This study conducted a retrospective analysis of the epidemiological data,clinical manifestations and routine laboratory pathological examination data of these patients,and the characteristics of clinical changes were summarized.Results Among the 70 patients with brucellosis,84.29% were male,with a median age of 45(IQR 35-58);91.43% patients had a history of cattle/sheep exposure.The acute phase accounted for 92.86%,and the main symptoms were fever(100%),sweating(88.57%),arthragia(84.29%),hepatosplenomegaly(55.71%),and 90% were irregular fever.The misdiagnosis rate was 27.14%,and most of them were misdiagnosed as sepsis or osteoarthritis.Combined treatment with antibiotics(rifampin + doxycycline)was effective.Conclusions The increase in atypical symptoms(such as irregular heat type)leads to a high misdiagnosis rate.Epidemiological history(cattle/sheep contact)is the key to diagnosis.It is necessary to strengthen occupational protection and atypical case identification,standardize treatment and control the source of infection to curb the epidemic.
目的 观察超声引导下针刺蝶腭神经节治疗过敏性鼻炎的临床疗效。方法 将80例过敏性鼻炎患者随机分成干预组(40例)和对照组(40例),干预组采用超声引导针刺蝶腭神经节,对照组采用常规方法针刺蝶腭穴,每周2次,持续4周。结果 治疗4周后,干预组和对照组均显示出良好疗效。干预组的总有效率为92.50%,对照组的总有效率为82.50%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组在鼻症状总分(TNSS)、非鼻症状总分(TNNSS)、视觉模拟量表(VAS)和鼻结膜炎生活质量问卷(RQLQ)等指标上的改善均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 超声引导下针刺蝶腭神经节治疗过敏性鼻炎能有效改善患者的临床症状。
Objective To investigate the main clinical effect of acupuncture of pterygopalatine ganglion on patients with allergic rhinitis under the guidance of ultrasound.Methods A total of 80 patients with allergic rhinitis were randomly divided into intervention group and control group.The intervention group was treated with ultrasound guided acupuncture of the sphenopalatineganglion,the control group was treated with conventional acupuncture at sphenopalatine point.The clinical efficacy was determined after the course of treatment.Results The total effective rate was 92.50% in the intervention group and 82.50% in the control group.The improvement of total nasal symptom score,total non-nasal symptom score,VAS and Arhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire scores in the treatment group was significantly better the control group Conclusions Ultrasound-guided acupuncture of the sphenopalatine ganglion can improves clinical symptoms of patients with allergic rhinitis.
文章围绕康复治疗学专业创新创业人才培养模式展开研究,讨论了国内外高校创新创业人才培养现状。从教育理念、课程体系、师资力量、资源配套等方面探讨了人才培养所面临的问题。结合广东药科大学康复治疗学专业培养现状,从管理、教学、平台、服务四大体系明确了具体要求,有望为其他高校康复治疗学专业培养模式改革提供思路。
The article focuses on innovative and entrepreneurial talent-cultivation models in the Rehabilitation Therapy specialty,discussing the current status of such cultivation in domestic and international universities.It explores challenges in talent development from perspectives including educational philosophy,curriculum system,faculty resources,and resource allocation.Based on the current training status of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University’s Rehabilitation Therapy Program,the study specifies detailed requirements through four major systems:management,teaching,platform,and service.This research is expected to provide valuable insights for the reform of talent cultivation models in rehabilitation therapy programs at other higher educationinstitutions.
生物化学是临床医学专业的一门重要基础课程,其教学质量可直接影响临床医学生物的培养目标。文章探讨了“新医科”背景下生物化学课程的教学改革,从思政元素融入课堂、教学手段的改革、开放实验平台的搭建和课程考核的改革等方面入手,着力培养学生自主学习的能力,解决临床问题的能力和提升科研素养。
For students who majored in clinical medicine,biochemistry is a crucial foundation course,and the teaching quality of which directly influence the educational objectives of clinical medicine students.In this study,we explored the teaching reformation methods of biochemistry course under the background of New Medicine.We integrated ideological elements into classroom teaching,and used various teaching methods in the classroom,built an open experiment platform and innovated course assessment mode,for trying to improve the students’ ability of self-study,clinical problems resolving and scientific literacy.