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《广州医药》编辑部
目的 探讨高龄妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)产妇糖耐量的特点及其与妊娠结局的关系。方法 选择2020年1月1日—2024年12月31日在广州市第一人民医院规律产检并分娩的高龄产妇727例,包括高龄初产妇226例(GDM 78例)和高龄经产妇501例(GDM 131例),按照75 g OGTT血糖异常项数进行分组:一项血糖异常产妇为GDM I组(高龄初产妇38例,高龄经产妇68例);两项血糖异常产妇为GDM Ⅱ组(高龄初产妇26例,高龄经产妇51例);三项血糖异常产妇为GDM Ⅲ组(高龄初产妇14例,高龄经产妇12例);75 g OGTT正常高龄产妇为对照组。收集研究对象一般资料、75g OGTT血糖及相关妊娠结局进行分析比较。结果 高龄初产妇GDM发生率(34.51%)较高龄经产妇GDM发生率(26.15%)高,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.021);高龄初产妇GDM Ⅲ型宫内感染(28.57%)、产后出血(14.29%)发生率最高,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.037、0.039);高龄初产妇GDM I型早产(23.68%)发生率最高,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.013)。高龄初产妇及经产妇GDM Ⅱ型的羊水过多、甲状腺功能减退、宫内感染、早产发生率均呈上升趋势。结论 高龄妊娠糖尿病产妇随OGTT血糖异常项增多出现不良妊娠结局风险升高,其中高龄初产妇的早产、宫内感染及产后出血的发生率更高,因此,针对高龄初产妇,应更加注重孕期血糖及健康管理,以减少不良妊娠结局的发生。
Objective To analyze glucose tolerance characteristics in elderly pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and relationship with pregnancy outcomes.Methods From January 1,2020,and December 31,2024,727 elderly pregnant women who underwent routine prenatal examinations and delivered in Guangzhou First People’s Hospital were recruit.Among them,226 were elderly primiparas and 501 were elderly multiparas.GDM was diagnosed in 78 elderly primiparas and 131 elderly multiparas.Based on the results of the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT),GDM cases were classified as follows:GDM I(one abnormal glucose value;38 elderly primiparas,68 elderly multiparas),GDM II(two abnormal values;26 elderly primiparas,51 elderly multiparas),and GDM Ⅲ(three abnormal values;14 elderly primiparas,12 elderly multiparas).Elderly pregnant women with normal OGTT results served as the control group.General clinical data and pregnancy outcomes were collected.The prevalence and characteristics of GDM in elderly primiparas and multiparas were analyzed.Results The incidence of GDM was significantly higher in elderly primiparas than in elderly multiparas(P=0.021).The incidence of intrauterine infection and postpartum hemorrhage was highest in elderly primiparas with GDM Ⅲ(P=0.037,0.039).The incidence of preterm birth was highest in elderly primiparas with GDM I(P=0.013).The incidence of polyhydramnios,hypothyroidism,intrauterine infection,and preterm birth showed an increasing trend in both elderly primiparas and multiparas with GDM II.Conclusions Elderly primiparas with more severe glucose tolerance abnormalities are at a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Enhanced blood glucose monitoring and comprehensive health management during pregnancy are crucial for reducing the incidence of adverse outcomes in this population.
目的 评价血塞通联合右美托咪定对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的脑保护效果。方法 选择老龄雄性Wistar大鼠50只,随机分为假手术(C)组、脑缺血再灌注(R)组、血塞通(P)组、右美托咪定(D)组,血塞通联合右美托咪定(PD)组,每组各10只。根据组别给予不同药物,行神经行为学测试;于第3、7天,测量脑梗死面积、脑水含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX)活性测定。结果 给药后第3、5、7天,与P、D组相比,PD组神经行为学评分改善更加显著(P<0.001);给药后第3、7天,与P组相比,PD组脑梗死面积、脑水含量均降低(P=0.01,P=0.002),SOD、GSH-PX活性升高显著(P=0.03,P=0.001);与D组相比,PD组脑梗死面积、脑水含量也显著降低(P<0.01,P=0.008);SOD、GSH-PX活性升高显著(P=0.009,P<0.001)。结论 血塞通联合右美托咪定较单独应用药物,能显著减轻缺血再灌注损伤造成的脑损害,具有脑保护作用。
Objective To explore the effects of Xuesaitong combined with dexmedetomidine on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in elderly rats.Methods Fifty elderly male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:sham operation(C)group,cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(R)group,Xuesaitong(P)group,dexmedetomidine(D)group,Xuesaitong combined with dexmedetomidine(PD)group.Xuesaitong was given in group P,dexmedetomidine was given in group D,and normal saline was given in group C and group R,continuously for 7 days.After 3- and 7-day treatment,the brain of rats was dissected out to assay the area of cerebral infarction,degree of cerebral edema,superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX) activity.Results When compared PD group with P and D group,neurobehavioral score was lower at 3,5,7 day(P<0.001);area of cerebral infarction,degree of cerebral edema were less(P=0.01,P=0.002),activity of SOD and GSH-PX were higher at 3,7 days(P=0.03,P=0.001)respectively.When compared PD group with D group,area of cerebral infarction,degree of cerebral edema were less(P<0.01,P=0.008),activity of SOD and GSH-PX were higher at 3,7 days(P=0.009,P<0.001)respectively.Conclusions The combination of Xuesaitong and dexmedetomidine can obviously reduce the damage by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in elderly rats and has brain protective effects.
无创正压通气的使用是患者发生鼻面部压力性损伤的重要原因之一,随着我国防控政策的放开,新增老年新冠感染患者急剧增加。文章对使用无创正压通气发生相关压力性损伤现状进行综述,介绍老年患者使用无创正压通气发生鼻面部压力性损伤的主要影响因素、评估方法以及预防措施现状,旨在为临床医务人员预防其相关压力性损伤提供参考。
The use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation is one of the important reasons for nasal and facial pressure injuries in patients.With the release of China's epidemic prevention policy,the number of new elderly patients with COVID-19 has increased dramatically.This paper summarizes the current situation of stress injuries caused by noninvasive positive pressure ventilation,introduces the main influencing factors,evaluation methods and prevention measures of nasal and facial stress injuries in elderly patients with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation,aiming to provide a reference for clinical medical personnel to prevent their related stress injuries.
目的 探讨功能性经口摄食分级的吞咽管理对高龄吞咽障碍患者的应用效果。方法 选取2022年5月—2024年5月暨南大学附属广州市红十字会医院收治的80例高龄吞咽障碍患者作为研究对象,应用随机数字表法将其分为观察组与对照组,各40例。对照组患者实施常规干预,观察组实施功能性经口摄食分级的吞咽管理干预,对比两组患者干预效果、干预前后的吞咽功能与营养状况、吞咽障碍相关并发症发生率,以及干预前后两组生活质量变化。结果 观察组总有效率为92.50%,高于对照组的72.50%(χ 2 =5.541,P=0.019);两组干预后综合性营养评估法(SGA)、进食评估问卷调查工具-10(EAT-10)评分均降低,且观察组[(6.62±1.24)(15.26±3.42)分]低于对照组[(10.85±2.32)(23.51±4.37)分],对比差异有统计学意义(t分别为10.170、9.403,P<0.05);观察组吞咽障碍相关并发症发生率17.50%低于对照组42.50%(χ 2 =5.952,P=0.015);两组干预后生活质量综合评定量表(GQOLI-74)相关维度物质评分均升高,且观察组患者GQOLI-74相关维度物质生活(16.62±2.24)、心理功能(18.26±4.42)分、社会功能(21.62±3.66)分、躯体功能(23.26±4.37)分均高于对照组[(13.25±3.32)(13.51±2.37)(15.26±2.35)(16.62±3.73)]分,对比差异有统计学意义(t分别为5.322、5.990、9.248、7.309,P<0.05)。结论 功能性经口摄食分级的吞咽管理对高龄吞咽障碍患者干预效果显著,且可提升其吞咽功能,改善营养状况,同时可辅助降低吞咽障碍相关并发症发生率,提高患者生活质量。
Objective To explore the application effect of Functional Oral Intake Scale(FOIS)swallowing management on elderly patients with swallowing disorders.Methods A total of 80 elderly patients with dysphagia admitted to the Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University from May 2022 to May 2024 were selected as research subjects.They were divided into an observation group and a control group,with 40 cases in each group,using a random number table method.The control group received routine intervention,while the observation group received FOIS swallowing management intervention.The intervention effects were compared between the two groups,including pre and post intervention,swallowing function and nutritional status,incidence of swallowing related complications,and changes in quality of life before and after the intervention.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 92.50%,which was higher than the 72.50% of control group(χ 2 =5.541,P=0.019).After the intervention,the comprehensive nutrition assessment(SGA)and the feeding assessment instrument-10(EAT-10)were decreased,and the observation group ([6.62±1.24]and[15.26±3.42]) were lower than the control group ([10.85±2.32]and[23.51±4.37]),and the comparative difference was statistically significant(t=10.170,9.403,P<0.05).The incidence of complications related to swallowing disorders in the observation group was 17.50%,lower than that in the control group was 42.50%(χ 2 =5.952,P=0.015).After intervention,the scores of GQOLI-74 related dimensions were increased in both groups.In addition,GQOLI-74 related dimensions of material life(16.62±2.24)scores,psychological function(18.26±4.42)scores,social function(21.62±3.66)scores,physical function(23.26±4.37)scores in observation group were higher than those in control group ([13.25±3.32],[13.51±2.37],[15.26±2.35],[16.62±3.73]),and the difference was statistically significant(t=5.322,5.990,9.248,7.309,P<0.05).Conclusions The swallowing management of FOIS has a significant intervention effect on elderly patients with swallowing disorders,and can improve their swallowing function,nutritional status,and assist in reducing the incidence of swallowing disorder related complications,thereby improving the quality of life of patients.
目的 探讨叙事护理在老年疼痛患者中的应用效果。方法 根据随机数字表法将84例于2020年12月—2023年12月中国人民解放军南部战区总医院收治的患有恶性肿瘤的老年疼痛患者分为接受常规干预的对照组(n=42)和接受叙事护理的观察组(n=42),比较两组疼痛情况、负性情绪、睡眠状况及自我效能。结果 观察组在干预2、4、6、8周后疼痛数字分级评分分别为(5.02±1.07)(4.26±0.76)(3.58±0.65)(2.92±0.41)分,均低于对照组(t分别为2.126、2.419、3.232、2.545,P均<0.05);干预2个月后,观察组焦虑、抑郁自评量表评分、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数分别为(41.27±2.28)(42.47±3.19)(5.13±1.46)分,均低于对照组(t分别为11.795、9.669、3.579,P均<0.05),一般自我效能量表评分为(21.72±4.13)分,高于对照组(t=5.834,P<0.05)。结论 叙事护理可有效控制老年癌性疼痛患者的疼痛,显著改善负性情绪和睡眠状况,有利于自我效能的提升。
Objective To explore the application effect of narrative nursing in elderly patients with pain.Methods From December 2020 to December 2023,84 elderly patients with malignant tumor in the General Hospital of the Southern Theater Command of the People’s Liberation Army of China were randomly divided into control group(n=42)receiving routine intervention and observation group(n=42)receiving narrative nursing.Results The pain digital grading scores of the observation group at 2 weeks,4 weeks,6 weeks and 8 weeks after intervention were(5.02±1.07),(4.26±0.76),(3.58±0.65)and(2.92±0.41),which were lower than the control group(t=2.126,2.419,3.232,2.545,all P<0.05).After 2 months of intervention,the scores of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,Self-Rating Depression Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in the observation group were(41.27±2.28),(42.47±3.19)and(5.13±1.46),which were lower than the control group(t=11.795,9.669,3.579,P<0.05).The score of general self-efficacy scale was(21.72±4.13),which was higher than the control group(t=5.834,P<0.05).Conclusions Narrative nursing can effectively control the pain of elderly patients with cancer pain,significantly improve negative emotions and sleep status,and is conducive to the improvement of self-efficacy.
目的 探究血清多配体蛋白聚糖-1(SCD-1)与可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体-2(sVEGFR-2)表达水平在老年慢性心力衰竭患者预后评估的判定价值。方法 选取2023年1月—2024年3月珠海市第五人民医院检验科收治的110例老年慢性心力衰竭患者,检测其血清SCD-1和sVEGFR-2水平,对患者进行随访调查,了解其再次由于心力衰竭住院、心源性死亡的情况。运用多因素Logistic回归分析,探究老年慢性心力衰竭患者预后影响因素。结果 Logistic回归分析显示,心功能分级(OR=3.433,95%CI:0.934~6.431)、B型脑钠肽升高(OR=2.462,95%CI:0.861~4.765)、血清SCD-1升高(OR=3.795,95%CI:0.972~6.894)、血清sVEGFR-2升高(OR=3.842,95%CI:0.942~6.912)为影响老年慢性心力衰竭患者预后不良的重要因素(P<0.05);联合血清SCD-1和sVEGFR-2曲线下面积0.962与B型脑肽钠曲线下面积0.844,相较于单一SCD-1曲线下面积0.658、sVEGFR-2曲线下面积0.712明显偏高(P<0.05)。结论 经研究证实,老年慢性心力衰竭患者预后效果不理想,其血清SCD-1和sVEGFR-2监测水平异常升高,和老年慢性心力衰竭预后不佳存在关联性,可视为老年慢性心力衰竭患者判定预后效果的主要标志物。
Objective To investigate the prognostic value of serum syndecan-1(SCD-1)and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2(sVEGFR-2)expression levels in elderly patients with chronic heart failure.Methods A total of 110 elderly patients with chronic heart failure admitted to our hospital were selected,with a time interval of January 2023 to March 2024.Serum SCD-1 and sVEGFR-2 levels were detected and follow-up investigations were conducted to understand their re hospitalization and cardiogenic death due to heart failure.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the prognostic factors affecting elderly patients with chronic heart failure.Results According to logistic retrospective analysis,heart function grading(OR=3.433,95%CI:0.934-6.431),elevated B-type brain natriuretic peptide(OR=2.462,95%CI:0.861-4.765),elevated serum SCD-1(OR=3.795,95%CI:0.972-6.894),and elevated serum sVEGFR-2(OR=3.842,95%CI:0.942-6.912)were important factors affecting the poor prognosis of elderly patients with chronic heart failure,with differences P<0.05.The area under the curve of combined serum SCD-1 and sVEGFR-2 was 0.962,and the area under the curve of B-type brain peptide sodium was 0.844,which was significantly higher than that of a single SCD-1 curve of 0.658 and sVEGFR-2 curve of 0.712,with a difference of P<0.05.Conclusions Research has confirmed that the prognosis of elderly patients with chronic heart failure is not satisfied,and their serum SCD-1 and sVEGFR-2 monitoring levels are abnormally elevated,which is related to the poor prognosis of elderly patients with chronic heart failure.It can be regarded as the main biomarker for defining the prognosis of elderly patients with chronic heart failure.
目的 探讨老年营养风险指数(GNRI)与慢性阻塞性肺疾病者急性加重期患者预后的相关性。方法 选择贵州省六盘水水旷医院2019年1月—2022年1月收治的COPD急性加重期患者,根据GNRI值,分为正常营养组(GNRI>98)和营养不良组(GNRI≤98),应用生存曲线和Cox比例风险回归评估营养状况与死亡率之间的关联。结果 共纳入198例COPD急性加重期患者,正常营养组90例,营养不良组108例,营养不良发生率为54.5%;Kaplan-Meier曲线表明,营养不良组的全因累积死亡率更高(58.3% vs 35.0%,P<0.001)。Cox比例风险回归分析显示在未校正模型中,HR为2.31(1.25~4.28),P<0.001。在完全校正模型中,HR为2.48(1.37~4.51),P=0.005,提示与正常营养状况相比,营养不良与全因死亡风险升高相关。结论 GNRI低是COPD患者急性加重期全因死亡的独立危险因素。
Objective To investigate the correlation between elderly nutritional risk index(GNRI)and prognosis of patients with AECOPD.Methods Patients with AECOPD admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were selected and divided into normal nutrition group(GNRI>98)and malnutrition group(GNRI≤98)according to GNRI value.Survival curve and Cox regression were used to evaluate the association between nutritional status and mortality.Results A total of 198 patients with AECOPD were included in this study.According to GNRI scores,90 patients were in the normal nutrition group and 108 were in the malnutrition group,with malnutrition incidence of 54.5%.The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the cumulative all-cause mortality was higher in the malnutrition group(58.3% vs 35%,P<0.001).Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that HR in the uncorrected model was 2.31(1.25-4.28),P<0.001.In the fully corrected model,HR was 2.4(1.37-4.51)and P=0.005,suggesting that malnutrition was associated with a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortalitycompared with normal nutritional status.Conclusions Low GNRI is an independent risk factor for all-cause death in AECOPD patients.