目的 比较锝[???Tc]甲氧基异丁基异腈单光子发射计算机断层扫描/计算机断层扫描（???Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT）双时相显像与颈部超声在继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症（SHPT）患者术前定位中的诊断价值。方法 回顾性纳入2025年5月至2026年4月于黔东南苗族侗族自治州人民医院行两种影像学检查的疑似SHPT患者54例。以手术病理结果为金标准，计算超声与SPECT/CT在区域层面（共216个区域）的敏感性、特异性、准确性，并比较不同解剖区域的病灶检出率。结果 54例中确诊SHPT 45例（83.33%）。超声诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为70.89%（112/158）、86.21%（50/58）、75.00%（162/216）；SPECT/CT分别为92.41%（146/158）、94.83%（55/58）、93.06%（201/216）。SPECT/CT的敏感性和准确性均高于超声（P均<0.001）。SPECT/CT在左上、左下、右上三个区域的检出率均高于超声（P<0.05）。结论 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT双时相显像在SHPT术前定位中的敏感性和准确性优于颈部超声，尤其对左上、左下、右上区域病灶检出优势明显，可作为SHPT患者术前定位的重要补充或首选影像学方法。

Objective?To compare the diagnostic value of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT) dual-phase imaging and cervical ultrasound in preoperative localization of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT).?Methods?A total of 54 patients with suspected SHPT who underwent both imaging examinations at Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital from May 2025 to April 2026 were retrospectively enrolled. Using surgical pathology as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ultrasound and SPECT/CT were calculated at the regional level (216 regions in total), and the detection rates in different anatomical regions were compared.?Results?Among the 54 patients, 45 (83.33%) were confirmed with SHPT. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ultrasound were 70.89% (112/158), 86.21% (50/58), and 75.00% (162/216), respectively; while those of SPECT/CT were 92.41% (146/158), 94.83% (55/58), and 93.06% (201/216), respectively. The sensitivity and accuracy of SPECT/CT were significantly higher than those of ultrasound (both?P<0.001). The detection rates of SPECT/CT in the upper-left, lower-left, and upper-right regions were significantly higher than those of ultrasound (P<0.05).?Conclusion?99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT dual-phase imaging demonstrates superior sensitivity and accuracy compared with cervical ultrasound in preoperative localization of SHPT, especially showing significant advantages in detecting lesions in the upper-left, lower-left, and upper-right regions. It can serve as an important supplement or the first-choice imaging modality for preoperative localization in SHPT patients.

目的 比较锝[???Tc]甲氧基异丁基异腈单光子发射计算机断层扫描/计算机断层扫描（???Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT）双时相显像与颈部超声在继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症（SHPT）患者术前定位中的诊断价值。方法 回顾性纳入2025年5月至2026年4月于黔东南苗族侗族自治州人民医院行两种影像学检查的疑似SHPT患者54例。以手术病理结果为金标准，计算超声与SPECT/CT在区域层面（共216个区域）的敏感性、特异性、准确性，并比较不同解剖区域的病灶检出率。结果 54例中确诊SHPT 45例（83.33%）。超声诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为70.89%（112/158）、86.21%（50/58）、75.00%（162/216）；SPECT/CT分别为92.41%（146/158）、94.83%（55/58）、93.06%（201/216）。SPECT/CT的敏感性和准确性均高于超声（P均<0.001）。SPECT/CT在左上、左下、右上三个区域的检出率均高于超声（P<0.05）。结论 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT双时相显像在SHPT术前定位中的敏感性和准确性优于颈部超声，尤其对左上、左下、右上区域病灶检出优势明显，可作为SHPT患者术前定位的重要补充或首选影像学方法。

目的 探讨经阴道超声多参数联合血清孕酮在先兆流产妊娠结局中的临床意义，以期为临床制定相应干预方案提供参考。 方法 回顾性选取我院2022年8月~2024年8月就诊的152例早期先兆流产（孕5~8周）患者作为研究对象，均随访至孕12周，根据妊娠结局分为继续妊娠组（n=64）、难免流产组（n=88），比较两组临床资料及入院时经阴道超声多参数[收缩期峰值流速（S）/舒张末期流速（D）、阻力指数（RI）、搏动指数（PI）、孕囊大小]、血清孕酮水平，Logistic回归方程分析入院时经阴道超声多参数及血清孕酮水平对先兆流产患者妊娠结局的影响，受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析其对先兆流产患者难免流产的预测价值。 结果 两组年龄、流产史、S/D、RI、PI、孕囊大小、血清孕酮水平比较，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；经Logistic回归方程分析结果显示，在校正年龄、流产史潜在混杂因素后，S/D、RI、PI、孕囊大小、血清孕酮水平仍与先兆流产患者妊娠结局显著相关，均为其独立影响因素（P＜0.05）；绘制ROC曲线结果显示，S/D、RI、PI、孕囊大小、血清孕酮对于先兆流产患者难免流产的预测AUC分别为0.749、0.764、0.743、0.774、0.793，具有一定预测价值；基于S/D、RI、PI、孕囊大小、血清孕酮水平建立Logistic回归方程模型，经Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验显示，构建的模型χ2=2.249，P=0.117，说明该模型构建的预测结果与实际结果一致；绘制ROC分析该模型对先兆流产患者难免流产的预测价值，结果显示AUC为0.894（95%CI：0.834~0.938），敏感度为81.82%，特异度为87.50%。结论 经阴道超声多参数联合血清孕酮对于先兆流产患者妊娠结局具有较高预测价值，临床可通过早期联合检测评估患者难免流产发生风险，以针对性制定相应干预方案。

       目的   观察超声引导下针刺蝶腭神经节治疗过敏性鼻炎的临床疗效。方法   将80例过敏性鼻炎患者随机分成干预组（40例）和对照组（40例），干预组采用超声引导针刺蝶腭神经节，对照组采用常规方法针刺蝶腭穴，每周2次，持续4周。结果   治疗4周后，干预组和对照组均显示出良好疗效。干预组的总有效率为92.50%，对照组的总有效率为82.50%，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；干预组在鼻症状总分（TNSS）、非鼻症状总分（TNNSS）、视觉模拟量表（VAS）和鼻结膜炎生活质量问卷（RQLQ）等指标上的改善均优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论   超声引导下针刺蝶腭神经节治疗过敏性鼻炎能有效改善患者的临床症状。

   Objective  To investigate the main clinical effect of acupuncture of pterygopalatine ganglion on patients with allergic rhinitis under the guidance of ultrasound．Methods  A total of 80 patients with allergic rhinitis were randomly divided into intervention group and control group．The intervention group was treated with ultrasound guided acupuncture of the sphenopalatine 

ganglion，the control group was treated with conventional acupuncture at sphenopalatine point．The clinical efficacy was determined after the course of treatment．Results  The total effective rate was 92.50% in the intervention group and 82.50% in the control group．The improvement of total nasal symptom score，total non-nasal symptom score，VAS and Arhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire scores in the treatment group was significantly better the control group Conclusions  Ultrasound-guided acupuncture of the sphenopalatine ganglion can improves clinical symptoms of patients with allergic rhinitis．

       目的   探讨孕中晚期口腔二维轴向切面超声在产前诊断胎儿唇腭裂中的应用价值，评估其对唇裂、唇腭裂及继发腭裂的检出率和准确性。方法   本研究为前瞻性研究，共纳入2020年3月—2023年12月在我院超声科行产前超声诊断的3 666例孕中晚期胎儿，其中经超声检查诊断出111例唇腭裂，这些病例归为唇腭裂组，其余3 555例归入正常对照组。所有受试者均通过口腔二维轴向切面超声进行评估，诊断结果经产后随访确认。结果   在正常对照组中，上唇及上牙槽突的评估成功率为100%，软硬腭分界线显示率为99%，软腭显示率为85%。在唇腭裂组中，超声对唇裂、唇腭裂及继发腭裂的检出率分别为45%、48%和7%，且超声诊断的灵敏度、特异度和预测值均超过98%。结论   孕中晚期口腔二维轴向切面超声在产前诊断胎儿唇腭裂中具有较高的准确性和可靠性，为早期干预和临床管理提供了重要的影像学依据。

       Objective  To explore the application value of two-dimensional axial section ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis of fetal cleft lip and palate in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy，and to evaluate its detection rate and accuracy for cleft lip，cleft lip and palate，and secondary cleft palate．Methods  This study is a prospective study that included 3 666 fetuses in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy．Among them，111 cases of cleft lip and palate were diagnosed by ultrasound examination．These cases were classified as the cleft lip and palate group，and the remaining 3 555 cases were classified as the normal control group．All subjects were evaluated by oral two-dimensional axial section ultrasound，and the diagnostic  results were confirmed by postpartum follow-up．Results  In the normal control group，the success rates of evaluating the upper lip and upper alveolar process were 100%．The present rate of the soft hard palate boundary was 99%，and the present rate of the soft palate was 85%．In the cleft lip and palate group，the detection rates of cleft lip，cleft lip and palate，and secondary cleft palate by ultrasound were 45%，48% and 7% respectively，and the sensitivity，specificity，and predictive value of ultrasound diagnosis exceeded 98%．Conclusions  Two dimensional axial section ultrasound of the oral cavity in second and third trimesters of pregnancy has high accuracy and reliability in prenatal diagnosis of fetal cleft lip and palate，providing strong imaging evidence for early intervention and clinical management．

       目的   评估ChatGPT 4与Llama 3微调模型在乳腺癌诊断中的应用效果，特别是在超声、钼靶及超声联合钼靶的非结构化报告和影像诊断方面。方法   回顾性收集了689例同时接受乳腺超声和钼靶检查的患者数据，比较两种模型在文本和图像模态下的诊断性能，并探讨乳腺密度对模型表现的影响。结果   在文本模态下，微调Llama 3表现优异，联合诊断准确率达91.7%，优于ChatGPT 4的71.7%。图像模态中两模型准确率均低于70%，但ChatGPT 4灵敏度较高（78.3%），Llama 3特异度突出（98.3%）。分组分析表明，在非致密型乳腺中钼靶表现更佳，而致密型乳腺中超声诊断更具优势。结论   大语言模型在医学图像处理和多模态整合方面仍需进一步优化，医学领域微调的大语言模型在处理非结构化临床文本方面具有潜力。

       Objective  To evaluate the application effectiveness of ChatGPT 4 and the fine-tuned Llama 3 model in breast cancer diagnosis，particularly in processing unstructured reports and diagnostic imaging of ultrasound，mammography，and their combined modalities．Methods  Retrospective data from 689 patients who underwent both breast ultrasound and mammography examinations were collected．The diagnostic performance of the two models was compared across text and image modalities，and the impact of breast density on model performance was explored．Results  In the text modality，the fine-tuned Llama 3 model performed excellently，achieving a combined diagnostic accuracy of 91.7%，outperforming 71.7% of ChatGPT 4．In the image modality，both models had accuracies below 70%，but ChatGPT 4 exhibited higher sensitivity（78.3%），while Llama 3 demonstrated outstanding specificity（98.3%）．Subgroup analysis indicated that mammography performed better in non-dense breasts，whereas ultrasound was more advantageous in dense breasts．Conclusions  The large language models  still  require further optimization in medical image processing and multimodal integration，but fine-tuned large language models in the medical field show potential in handling unstructured clinical texts．

       目的   探讨经颅多普勒超声（TCD）参数联合屏气指数在颈内动脉（ICA）狭窄或闭塞所致急性脑梗死的评估价值。方法   选择2022年1月—2024年12月，在广州市花都区人民医院连续入组发病72 h内ICA狭窄或闭塞所致的急性脑梗死患者。记录患者人口统计学资料、临床资料及TCD相关参数，包括搏动指数（PI）、阻力指数（ RI）、大脑中动脉平均血流速度（Vm）及屏气指数等。依据患者数字减影血管造影（DSA）结果分为侧支循环良好组及侧支循环不良组。比较两组人口统计学、临床资料及TCD相关参数，采用单因素分析、多因素Logistic回归分析及ROC曲线。结果   共纳入ICA狭窄或闭塞所致急性脑梗死共136例，其中侧支循环良好组46例，侧支循环不良组90例。单因素分析提示：侧支循环良好组与侧支循环不良组在PI［0.95（0.80，1.03）vs 1.01（0.88，1.13）］、RI［0.58（0.51，0.62）vs 0.60（0.54，0.65）］、Vm［57（44，65）vs 50.5（41，63）］及屏气指数［0.78（0.75，0.85）vs 0.72（0.59，0.79）］方面，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析提示Vm（OR=1.029，95%CI：1.006~1.053，P=0.014）、屏气指数（OR=723.401，95%CI：14.524~3 6031.859，P＜0.001）是侧支循环不良的独立危险因素。屏气指数和Vm评估侧支循环情况的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.713（95%CI：0.627~0.799）和0.605（0.505~0.705），两者的AUC值比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论   屏气指数和Vm可以评估ICA狭窄或闭塞所致急性脑梗死的侧支循环，屏气指数和Vm的评估效能相当。

       Objective  To explore the evaluation value of transcranial Doppler ultrasound（TCD）in acute cerebral infarction caused by internal carotid artery（ICA）stenosis or occlusion．Methods  From January 2022 to December 2024，patients with acute cerebral infarction caused by ICA stenosis or occlusion within 72 hours of onset were enrolled in our hospital．Patient’s demographic data，clinical data，and TCD related parameters，including pulsatility index（PI），resistance index（RI），average blood flow velocity（Vm）of the middle cerebral artery，and breath holding index（BHI）were recorded．According to the results of digital silhouette angiography（DSA），patients were divided into good collateral group and poor collateral group．Demographic，clinical data，and TCD related parameters were compared between two groups using univariate analysis，multivariate Logistic regression analysis and ROC curve．Results  A total of 136 cases of acute cerebral infarction caused by  ICA stenosis or occlusion were included，including 46 cases in the collateral good group and 90 cases in the collateral poor group．Univariate analysis showed that the good collateral group and the poor collateral group were different in PI（0.95［0.80，1.03］vs 1.01［0.88，1.13］），RI（0.58［0.51，0.62］vs 0.60［0.54，0.65］），Vm（57［44，65］vs 50.5［41，63］），BHI（0.78［0.75，0.85］ vs 0.72［0.59，0.79］）（P＜0.05）．Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that Vm（OR=1.029，95%CI：1.006-1.053，P=0.014）and BHI（OR=723.401，95%CI：14.524-36 031.859，P＜0.001）were independent risk factors for collateral circulation disorders．The area under the ROC curve（AUC）for predicting collateral circulation using BHI and Vm were 0.713（95%CI：0.627~0.799）and 0.605（0.505~0.705），respectively．There was no statistically significant difference in AUC values between the BHI and Vm．Conclusions  The BHI and Vm can predict the collateral circulation of acute cerebral infarction caused by ICA stenosis or occlusion，and their predictive power is comparable．

       目的   探讨肌骨超声（MSUS）在慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛（CMP）康复精准化教学中的应用效果。方法   选取在广州市第一人民医院南沙医院康复医学科实习的43名大专及本科学生，对照组进行常规CMP康复精准化教学，MSUS组在常规教学基础上增加MSUS辅助教学。实习结束后，通过专业理论考试和实践考核观察教学效果，并以问卷调查学生对教学形式和效果的满意度。结果  MSUS组的理论考核成绩为（84.62±5.14）分，对照组为（81.45±6.21）分，两组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。MSUS组的实践考核成绩（4.71±1.06）分高于对照组（3.64±1.14）分（P＜0.05）。问卷调查显示，MSUS组学生的总体满意度（35.24±3.43）高于对照组（32.64±3.98），P＜0.05。其中，对于教学方法的满意度，MSUS组（9.81±0.60）高于对照组（8.82±1.18）（P＜0.05）；对于综合分析与实践能力的满意度，MSUS组（7.43±1.91）高于对照组（6.18±1.62）（P＜0.05）。结论  MSUS教学在夯实学生专业基础知识、深化临床实践、提高综合分析能力和学习积极性方面具有显著优势，为精准化康复教学提供了有效手段。

       Objective  To explore the application effect of musculoskeletal ultrasound（MSUS）in the precise teaching of chronic musculoskeletal pain（CMP）rehabilitation．Methods  Forty-three college and undergraduate  students interning in Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Nansha Hospital，Guangzhou First People’s Hospital were selected，control group conducted conventional CMP rehabilitation teaching，and the MSUS group  received additional MSUS-assisted teaching on the basis of the conventional teaching．After the internship，the teaching effectiveness was observed through professional theoretical examinations and practical assessments，and a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate students’satisfaction with the teaching methods and outcomes．Results  The theoretical assessment score of the MSUS group were（84.62±5.14）and（81.45±6.21）of the control group，there was no difference between the two groups（P＞0.05）．The practical assessment scores of the MSUS group（4.71±1.06）were higher than those of the control group（3.64±1.14），and a significant difference was found between the two groups（P＜0.05）．The questionnaire survey showed that the overall satisfaction of the MSUS group students（35.24±3.43）was higher than that of the control group（32.64±3.97）（P＜0.05）．Among them，satisfaction with the teaching method was higher in the MSUS group（9.81±0.60）than in the control group（8.82±1.18）（P＜0.05），satisfaction with comprehensive analysis and practical ability was also higher in the MSUS group（7.43±1.91）than in the control group（6.18±1.62）（P＜0.05）．Conclusions  MSUS teaching has significant advantages in consolidating students’basic professional knowledge，deepening clinical practice，improving comprehensive analysis ability and learning enthusiasm．It provides an effective means for precise rehabilitation teaching．

       目的   探讨超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞（TAP）联合无阿片药全身麻醉（全麻）在腹腔镜子宫全切术中的应用效果。方法   选取武威市凉州医院2021年5月—2023年5月收治的60例择期行腹腔镜子宫全切术患者展开前瞻性研究，应用抽签法将其分为观察组与对照组，各30例。对照组患者实施常规阿片类药物全麻，观察组采用TAP联合无阿片药全身麻醉。对比两组患者入室后（T₀）、切皮时（T₁）、手术10 min后（T₂）和手术结束即刻（T₃）生命体征变化，麻醉后监测治疗室（PACU）恢复情况，术后1、4、8、12、24、48 h疼痛程度，最后对比其48 h内不良反应发生率。结果   两组T₀、T₁、T₂、T₃时间血氧饱和度（SpO₂），T₀、T₃时间平均动脉压（MAP）、心率水平无明显变化，两组对比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），T₁、T₂时间对照组MAP、心率升高，观察组T₁、T₂的MAP、心率均低于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组PACU停留时间、首次肛门排气时间明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组术后1、4、8、12、24、48 h活动时视觉模量表（VAS）评分与静息时VAS评分低于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组术后48 h内不良反应发生率比对照组更低（P＜0.05）。结论   针对腹腔镜子宫全切术患者采取超声引下TAP联合无阿片药全麻可稳定患者术中生命体征，缩短患者术后恢复时间，减轻疼痛程度，且可降低术后48 h内不良反应发生率。

       Objective  To explore the application effect of ultrasound-guided transverse abdominis plane（TAP）block combined with opioid-free general anesthesia in laparoscopic total hysterectomy．Methods  A prospective study was conducted in 60 patients who underwent selective laparoscopic total hysterectomy in Wuwei Liangzhou Hospital from May 2021 to May 2023．They were divided into a observation group and a control group using a lottery method，30 cases in each group．The control group received routine opioid general anaesthesia，while the observation group received TAP in combination with opioid-free general anaesthesia．Comparing the changes of vital signs after invasion（T₀），skin cutting（T₁），10 min after operating（T₂），the end of surgery（T₃），and condition in the post-anesthesia care unit（PACU）after anesthesia，the pain degree at 1 h，4 h，8 h，12 h，24 h and 48 h after surgery，and the incidence of adverse reactions within 48 h．Results  There were no significant changes in blood SpO₂，mean arterial pressure（MAP）and heart rate at T₀，T₁，T₂ and T₃ in both groups，and no significant difference between the two groups（P＞0.05）．MAP and heart rate increased in the control group at T₁ and T₂，while those in the observation group were lower than the control group（P＜0.05）．The observation group had significantly shorter PACU time and first anal exhaust time than the control group（P＜0.05）．VAS scores at 1 h，4 h，8 h，12 h，24 h and 48 h after surgery and VAS score at rest in the observation group were lower than in the control group（P＜0.05）．The incidence of adverse reactions within 48 h after surgery was lower in the observation group than in the control group（P＜0.05）．Conclusions  Ultrasound guided TAP combined with opioid-free general anesthesia can stabilize intraoperative vital signs，shorten postoperative recovery time，alleviate postoperative pain，and reduce the incidence of anesthesia related adverse reactions within 48 hours for patients undergoing laparoscopic total hysterectomy．

目的 探讨产时超声管理妊娠期糖尿病产妇产程的应用价值。方法 选择2022年1月1日—2023年12月31日在佛山市高明区人民医院妇产科分娩的妊娠期糖尿病初产妇共100例。患者签署知情同意书后, 按照1∶1比例采用随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组各50例。对照组采用阴道指诊检查判断产程和分娩方式。研究组采用经腹联合会阴超声测量检查判断产程及分娩方式。收集两组初产妇血糖、血常规、分娩方式、产后24 h出血量以及切口情况, 新生儿Apgar评分。结果 研究组阴道分娩率高于对照组（88.0% vs 72.0%, P<0.05）, 而阴道检查次数（4.18±0.8 vs 6.82±0.8, P<0.05）少于对照组、不良事件发生率（4% vs 16%, P<0.05）低于对照组。相对于对照组,研究组血红蛋白水平较高（104.10±5.25 vs 100.30±4.78, P<0.05）、而白细胞计数（11.40±1.49 vs 12.04±1.66, P<0.05）以及中性粒细胞百分比较低（72.79±4.04 vs 75.01±5.53, P<0.05）。结论 通过产时超声监测判断妊娠期糖尿病初产妇产程,能够降低阴道操作引起的感染等风险,提高阴道分娩率,有效降低产妇感染,提高产妇分娩满意度以及舒适度,改善母婴结局。

Objective To explore the application value of intrapartum ultrasound for labor management of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus．Methods A total of 100 primiparous women with gestational diabetes mellitus who gave birth in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Foshan Gaoming District People’s Hospital from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2023 were selected．After signing the informed consent form, the patients were randomly divided into a control group and a study group with 50 cases in each group according to a ratio of 1∶1, using a random number table method．The control group underwent vaginal digital examination to assess the labor process and delivery method．For the study group, the labor process and delivery mode were determined using transabdominal ultrasound measurement．Blood glucose level,routine blood test results, delivery methods, 24-hour postpartum bleeding volume and incision conditions of two groups of primiparas, as well as the Apgar score of newborns were collected．Results The study group demonstrated a significantly higher vaginal delivery rate than the control group（88.0% vs 72.0%, P<0.05）, with fewer vaginal examinations（4.18±0.80 vs 6.82±0.80, P<0.05）and a lower incidence of adverse events（4% vs 16%, P<0.05）．Compared to the control group, the study group exhibited higher hemoglobin levels（[104.10±5.25]g/L vs [100.30±4.78] g/L, P<0.05）, but lower white blood cell counts（[11.40±1.49]×109/L vs [12.04±1.66]×109/L, P<0.05）and reduced neutrophil percentages（[72.79±4.04]% vs [75.01±5.53]%, P<0.05）．Conclusions Intrapartum ultrasound monitoring for assessing labor progression in primiparas with gestational diabetes mellitus reduces infection risks associated with vaginal procedures, increases vaginal delivery rates, effectively decreases maternal infections, enhances maternal satisfaction and comfort during delivery,and improves maternal-neonatal outcomes．