OVCF患者PVP术后1年内发生AVCF的影响因素及构建的Logistic风险预测模型对AVCF发生的预测效能

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目的 探讨骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)患者经皮椎体成形术(PVP)术后1年内发生邻近椎体再骨折(AVCF)的影响因素,并构建Logistic风险预测模型,分析其对AVCF发生的预测效能。方法 前瞻性选取我院2022年1月~2024年1月收治的188例OVCF患者,入院后均行PVP术治疗,根据术后1年内是否发生AVCF分为发生组、未发生组。单因素分析两组临床资料,Logistic多因素回归分析OVCF患者PVP术后1年内发生AVCF的影响因素,构建Logistic风险预测模型;ROC曲线分析风险预测模型对AVCF发生的预测效能。结果 两组年龄、术前骨密度、骨折病史、骨水泥渗漏、术前椎体内裂隙征、术后椎体高度恢复达标比较差异显著(P<0.05);Logistic多因素回归方程分析结果显示,年龄、术前骨密度、骨水泥渗漏、术前椎体内裂隙征、术后椎体高度恢复达标均为OVCF患者PVP术后1年内发生AVCF的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。构建Logistic回归模型,Logit(p)=-5.234+0.445×年龄-0.124×术前骨密度+1.521×骨水泥渗漏+1.375×术前椎体内裂隙征-0.151×术后椎体高度恢复达标。Logistic风险预测模型预测预AVCF发生的AUC值为0.863(95% CI:0.812~0.913),敏感度、特异度分别为80.31%、81.64%。结论 年龄、术前骨密度、骨水泥渗漏、术前椎体内裂隙征、术后椎体高度恢复达标均为OVCF患者PVP术后1年内发生AVCF的独立影响因素,在此基础上构建的Logistic风险预测模型可为临床早期分辨PVP术后发生AVCF的高危患者提供依据,临床可据此早期制定针对性干预方案,以降低PVP术后AVCF发生风险。

OVCF患者PVP术后1年内发生AVCF的影响因素及构建的Logistic风险预测模型对AVCF发生的预测效能

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目的 探讨骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)患者经皮椎体成形术(PVP)术后1年内发生邻近椎体再骨折(AVCF)的影响因素,并构建Logistic风险预测模型,分析其对AVCF发生的预测效能。方法 前瞻性选取我院2022年1月~2024年1月收治的188例OVCF患者,入院后均行PVP术治疗,根据术后1年内是否发生AVCF分为发生组、未发生组。单因素分析两组临床资料,Logistic多因素回归分析OVCF患者PVP术后1年内发生AVCF的影响因素,构建Logistic风险预测模型;ROC曲线分析风险预测模型对AVCF发生的预测效能。结果 两组年龄、术前骨密度、骨折病史、骨水泥渗漏、术前椎体内裂隙征、术后椎体高度恢复达标比较差异显著(P<0.05);Logistic多因素回归方程分析结果显示,年龄、术前骨密度、骨水泥渗漏、术前椎体内裂隙征、术后椎体高度恢复达标均为OVCF患者PVP术后1年内发生AVCF的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。构建Logistic回归模型,Logit(p)=-5.234+0.445×年龄-0.124×术前骨密度+1.521×骨水泥渗漏+1.375×术前椎体内裂隙征-0.151×术后椎体高度恢复达标。Logistic风险预测模型预测预AVCF发生的AUC值为0.863(95% CI:0.812~0.913),敏感度、特异度分别为80.31%、81.64%。结论 年龄、术前骨密度、骨水泥渗漏、术前椎体内裂隙征、术后椎体高度恢复达标均为OVCF患者PVP术后1年内发生AVCF的独立影响因素,在此基础上构建的Logistic风险预测模型可为临床早期分辨PVP术后发生AVCF的高危患者提供依据,临床可据此早期制定针对性干预方案,以降低PVP术后AVCF发生风险。

EP患者宫腔镜息肉切除术后发生IUA的风险因素及构建的Logistic风险预测模型对IUA发生的预测效能

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目的 探讨子宫内膜息肉(EP)患者宫腔镜息肉切除术后发生宫腔粘连(IUA)的影响因素,并构建Logistic回归模型,以筛选高危患者,并指导临床制定治疗方案。方法 前瞻性选取2023年1月~2025年1月于本院就诊的200例EP患者为研究对象,依据宫腔镜息肉切除术后6个月内是否发生IUA,将其分为发生组61例、未发生组139例。比较两组临床资料及多因素分析术后IUA发生的影响因素,构建Logistic回归模型,并验证该模型对术后IUA发生的预测价值。结果 手术时间、宫内节育器、剖宫产史、多发息肉、盆腔炎病史及术前血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、 细胞趋化因子配体-5(CXCL5)、白细胞介素-22(IL-22)为术后IUA发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05);Logistic回归模型预测术后IUA发生风险的AUC值为0.927,敏感度、特异度分别为88.52%、88.49%,且该模型具有良好拟合度、校准度及临床应用性。结论 基于手术时间、宫内节育器、剖宫产史、多发息肉、盆腔炎病史及术前血清VEGF、CXCL5、IL-22构建预测模型,可有效预测EP患者宫腔镜息肉切除术后IUA发生风险,有助于指导临床制定干预方案。

年轻冠心病介入治疗术后心血管康复管理行为发展轨迹及影响因素分析

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目的:探讨年轻冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后患者康复管理行为的发展轨迹及其异质性亚组,并分析基线心理社会因素及临床特征对轨迹归属的影响,为制定精准化心脏康复管理策略提供依据。方法:采用回顾性研究设计,选取2022年1月至2025年3月在郑州大学第五附属医院心血管内科行首次PCI治疗的265例年轻冠心病患者(年龄22~45岁)为研究对象。于术后1个月(基线)、3个月、6个月、12个月采用冠心病PCI术后康复管理行为问卷进行纵向随访评估;基线时同时完成一般自我效能感量表、社会支持评定量表及医院焦虑抑郁量表测评。应用潜类别增长模型识别康复管理行为的发展轨迹,采用多元Logistic回归分析影响轨迹归属的因素。结果:年轻冠心病PCI术后患者术后1个月康复管理行为总分为(68.5±14.2)分,3个月升至(70.3±13.8)分,之后持续下降,12个月降至(63.2±18.1)分,各时间点差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。潜类别增长模型识别出3种行为发展轨迹:持续高行为组(75例,28.3%),行为始终维持高水平且无显著下降;中度下降组(120例,45.3%),行为早期尚可但逐渐下降;持续低行为组(70例,26.4%),行为起点低且下降速度最快。Pearson相关分析显示,基线康复管理行为总分与自我效能、社会支持呈正相关(r=0.523,0.452,均P<0.01),与焦虑、抑郁呈负相关(r=-0.381,-0.346,均P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,文化程度高中及以下(OR=2.15,95%CI 1.12~4.13)、合并糖尿病(OR=2.33,95%CI 1.10~4.95)、左心室射血分数<50%(OR=2.80,95%CI 1.15~6.82)及焦虑得分升高(OR=1.12,95%CI 1.01~1.24)是未维持高水平康复行为的独立危险因素(均P<0.05);自我效能得分高(OR=0.92,95%CI 0.88~0.96)及社会支持得分高(OR=0.95,95%CI 0.91~0.99)为独立保护因素(均P<0.05)。结论:年轻冠心病PCI术后患者康复管理行为整体呈先升后降趋势,且存在3种异质性发展轨迹,仅不足三成患者可长期维持高水平依从。低文化程度、合并糖尿病、心功能不全及高焦虑水平者更易归属行为低下或下降轨迹,而高自我效能、高社会支持则有助于行为维持。临床应建立基于轨迹分层的随访管理体系,对持续低行为组及中度下降组早期识别并实施针对性强化干预。

EP患者宫腔镜息肉切除术后发生IUA的风险因素及构建的Logistic风险预测模型对IUA发生的预测效能

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目的 探讨子宫内膜息肉(EP)患者宫腔镜息肉切除术后发生宫腔粘连(IUA)的影响因素,并构建Logistic回归模型,以筛选高危患者,并指导临床制定治疗方案。方法 前瞻性选取2023年1月~2025年1月于本院就诊的200例EP患者为研究对象,依据宫腔镜息肉切除术后6个月内是否发生IUA,将其分为发生组61例、未发生组139例。比较两组临床资料及多因素分析术后IUA发生的影响因素,构建Logistic回归模型,并验证该模型对术后IUA发生的预测价值。结果 手术时间、宫内节育器、剖宫产史、多发息肉、盆腔炎病史及术前血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、 细胞趋化因子配体-5(CXCL5)、白细胞介素-22(IL-22)为术后IUA发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05);Logistic回归模型预测术后IUA发生风险的AUC值为0.927,敏感度、特异度分别为88.52%、88.49%,且该模型具有良好拟合度、校准度及临床应用性。结论 基于手术时间、宫内节育器、剖宫产史、多发息肉、盆腔炎病史及术前血清VEGF、CXCL5、IL-22构建预测模型,可有效预测EP患者宫腔镜息肉切除术后IUA发生风险,有助于指导临床制定干预方案。

达格列净改善PCI术后T2DM-UA患者心功能探索性研究

An Exploratory Study on Dapagliflozin in Improving Cardiac Function in T2DM-UA Patients After PCI

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目的 探讨达格列净在行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(Percutaneous Coronary Intervention,PCI)后2型糖尿病(Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,T2DM)伴不稳定型心绞痛(Unstable Angina,UA)患者中的应用价值及短期心功能改善效果。方法 本研究为单中心、随机对照试验,纳入90例PCI术后2型糖尿病合并不稳定型心绞痛患者,随机分为达格列净组(n=43)和二甲双胍组(n=47),规范调整降糖药物保证降糖强度一致。治疗期间及治疗后6-12个月通过心脏彩超测量左心室射血分数(Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction,LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Diameter,LVEDD),并采集静脉血样检测N端B型利钠肽前体(N-terminalpro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide,NT-proBNP)水平,以评估心功能变化。 结果 PCI治疗后的6-12个月随访中,观察组NT-proBNP(P<0.01)显著降低,左心室射血分数LVEF(P<0.01)显著提升。与对照组相比:观察组NT-ProBNP水平明显下降(P<0.01),且低于对照组。结论 在PCI术后合并不稳定型心绞痛的T2DM患者中,加用达格列净治疗可显著改善NT-proBNP和LVEF等心功能替代指标,且安全性良好。
Objective:To explore the application value of dapagliflozin and its short-term cardiac function improvement effect in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with unstable angina (UA) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: This was a single-center, randomized controlled trial. A total of 90 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with unstable angina (UA) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled and randomly assigned to a dapagliflozin group (n=43) and a metformin group (n=47). Hypoglycemic agents were adjusted routinely to ensure consistent glycemic control intensity between the two groups. During treatment and at 6–12 months after treatment, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) were measured by echocardiography, and venous blood samples were collected to determine the level of N-terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) for the evaluation of cardiac function changes. Results: During the 6-month follow-up after PCI treatment, the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level in the observation group decreased significantly (P<0.01), and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased significantly (P<0.01).Compared with the control group, the NT-proBNP level in the observation group was notably lower (P<0.01) and also remained below that of the control group. Conclusion: For type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients complicated with unstable angina pectoris after PCI, adjuvant treatment with dapagliflozin for 6 months can significantly improve cardiac function surrogate markers such as NT-proBNP and LVEF, with favorable safety profile.

吲哚布芬联合智能个体化抗阻训练对 ACS 患者支架术后血小板功能及心血管预后的影响研究

Effect of indobufen combined with intelligent individualized resistance training on platelet function and cardiovascular prognosis after stent implantation in patients with acute coronary syndrome

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目的 探讨吲哚布芬联合智能抗阻训练对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后血小板功能及心功能的影响。方法 选取2024年1月至2025年12月在本院接受PCI支架植入术的60例ACS患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。对照组给予常规治疗联合氯吡格雷75 mg/d治疗,观察组给予常规治疗联合吲哚布芬(100mg/次,2次/d)+智能抗阻训练干预,两组均连续干预3个月。比较两组患者干预前、干预1个月、3个月时花生四烯酸(AA)诱导和二磷酸腺苷(ADP)诱导的血小板聚集率,随访3个月不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率,以及干预前后心功能指标[左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)]。结果 干预前两组血小板聚集率、LVEF、LVEDD比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预1个月、3个月时,观察组AA诱导和ADP诱导的血小板聚集率降低幅度均显著大于对照组(P<0.05);干预3个月后,观察组LVEF显著高于对照组,LVEDD显著低于对照组(P<0.05);随访3个月,两组MACE发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 吲哚布芬联合智能抗阻训练可更显著地抑制ACS患者PCI术后血小板聚集,更有效地改善心功能指标,且安全性良好。
Objective To explore the effect of indobufen combined with intelligent resistance training on platelet function and cardiac function in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods A total of 60 ACS patients who underwent PCI stent implantation in our hospital from January 2024 to December 2025 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 30 patients in each group. The control group was given conventional treatment combined with clopidogrel 75 mg/d, while the observation group was given conventional treatment combined with indobufen (100 mg/time, twice a day) + intelligent resistance training intervention. Both groups received continuous intervention for 3 months. The arachidonic acid (AA)-induced and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation rates were compared between the two groups before intervention, 1 month and 3 months after intervention. The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was followed up for 3 months, and the cardiac function indexes [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD)] were compared before and after intervention. Results Before intervention, there were no significant differences in platelet aggregation rates, LVEF and LVEDD between the two groups (P > 0.05); at 1 month and 3 months after intervention, the reduction amplitudes of AA-induced and ADP-induced platelet aggregation rates in the observation group were significantly greater than those in the control group (P < 0.05); after 3 months of intervention, LVEF in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and LVEDD was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05); after 3 months of follow-up, there was no significant difference in the incidence of MACE between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Indobufen combined with intelligent resistance training can more significantly inhibit platelet aggregation, more effectively improve cardiac function indexes in ACS patients after PCI, and has good safety.

括约肌保护置管中药冲洗对高位复杂性肛瘘术后中早期功能及生活质量的影响

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目的 探讨基于括约肌保护的置管中药冲洗对高位复杂性肛瘘术后中早期肛门功能恢复与生活质量改善的临床效果。方法 采用回顾性研究方法,收集2025年1月-2025年12月太原市中医院肛肠科收治的85例高位复杂性肛瘘患者,按治疗方式分为研究组(42例,括约肌保护置管+中药冲洗术)和对照组(43例,括约肌保护置管+复方黄柏液)。比较两组患者术前1天(T0)及术后3天(T1)、1周(T2)、2周(T3)、3周(T4)的肛门括约肌功能(Wexner量表)、创面愈合质量(REEDA量表、创面愈合时间)、生活质量(SF-36量表),并统计术后3周内并发症发生率及术后3个月(T5)肛瘘复发情况。结果 术前两组各项评估指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后各时间点,研究组Wexner量表评分、REEDA量表评分均显著低于对照组,SF-36量表评分显著高于对照组,创面愈合时间显著短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3周内研究组总并发症发生率(7.14%)低于对照组(16.28%)P>0.05),随访3个月,研究组肛瘘复发率、mVSS、肛门坠胀VAS评分、肠液渗漏分级低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 基于括约肌保护的置管中药冲洗可有效改善高位复杂性肛瘘患者术后中早期肛门括约肌功能,缩短创面愈合时间、提升创面愈合质量,改善患者生活质量,且安全性良好。
论著

胸部肿瘤术后早期排痰的临床研究

Clinical study on early expectoration after thoracic tumor surgery

:327-332
 
       目的  探讨胸部肿瘤患者手术后早期排痰的效果,降低肺部并发症的发生率。方法  选择2024年6月—2025年7月在本院进行胸部肿瘤切除的60例术后患者作为研究对象。采用非同期回顾对照设计,以不同时间段病例分组,分为对照组(n=30)和观察组(n=30)。两组胸部手术后患者均给予常规围术期护理,观察组胸部手术后患者增加早期排痰护理。统计两组排痰效果[咳痰难度、血氧饱和度(SPO2)]变化、疼痛评分,并统计两组肺部相关并发症及住院时间进行比较。结果  观察组患者术后的SPO2水平高于对照组(P<0.05),咳痰难度评分低于对照组患者(P<0.05)。干预后第B、C时间点观察组患者的疼痛评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05),胸部并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论  胸部肿瘤术后早期排痰有助于促进术后患者排痰,减少肺部相关发症,缩短住院时间。
       Objective  To investigate the efficacy of early expectoration management in reducing pulmonary complications for patients following thoracic tumor surgery.Methods  Sixty patients undergoing thoracic tumor  resection at our hospital between 2024 and 2025 were enrolled.A non-concurrent retrospective control design was adopted.Cases were grouped according to different time periods,divided into a control group(n=30)and an observation group(n=30).The control group  received  standard perioperative care,while the observation group received additional early expectoration nursing interventions.Outcome measures included expectoration efficacy(assessed by cough difficulty score and oxygen saturation[SpO2]),pain scores,incidence of pulmonary complications,and hospital stay duration.Results  Postoperative SpO2 levels were higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05),while cough difficulty scores were significantly lower(P<0.05).At time points B and C after the intervention,the pain scores of patients in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The observation group demonstrated a significantly shorter hospital stay(P<0.05),a lower overall incidence of thoracic complicationsP<0.05),and higher patient satisfaction  than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions  Implementing early expectoration protocols after thoracic tumor surgery facilitates sputum clearance can reduce pulmonary complications,and shorten hospitalization time.
论著

基于机器学习的结肠息肉术后复发风险预警模型构建

Machine learning-based development of a recurrence risk prediction model for post-polypectomy colonic polyps

:315-326
 
       目的  探讨结肠镜下息肉切除术后复发的危险因素,并基于机器学习算法构建复发风险预警模型,为防治对策提供依据。方法  回顾性收集2018年9月—2023年9月六安市人民医院1 058例初次行无痛结肠镜下息肉切除术患者的临床资料,使用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析筛选复发危险因素。采用7∶3随机抽样分为训练集和验证集,分别通过决策树、贝叶斯及Logistic回归算法构建预测模型,并以受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)、灵敏度、特异度等指标来评估模型效能。结果  单因素分析显示,性别、吸烟、代谢综合征、息肉数量、息肉位置、山田分型、组织病理学类型、切除方式、复查时间、肠息肉直径、手术时间是复发的危险因素(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,性别、代谢综合征、息肉数量、息肉直径、肠息肉位置、山田分型、组织学病理类型、切除方式、手术时间均是结肠息肉内镜下切除术后复发的危险因素。模型评估显示,决策树算法、贝叶斯算法、Logistic回归算法的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.849、0.818、0.811;灵敏度分别为85.14%、81.62%、79.43%;特异度分别为81.69%、79.45%、74.18%;约登指数分别为0.534、0.551、0.573;95%CI分别为0.810~0.876、0.794~0.860、0.782~0.850;决策树算法模型效能最佳,Logistic回归算法的性能最差。结论  性别、代谢综合征、肠息肉特征(数量、直径、位置等)是术后复发的关键危险因素。决策树模型在风险预测中表现最优,可为临床制定个体化随访策略提供参考。
       Objective  To explore the  risk factors for  recurrence after painless colonoscopic polypectomy and construct a recurrence risk warning model based on machine learning algorithms to provide evidence for prevention and treatment strategies.Methods  A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 1 058 patients who underwent their first painless colonoscopy-guided polypectomy at our hospital between September 2018 and September 2023.Univariate and multivariate Logistic  regression analyses were performed to identify recurrence risk factors.The dataset was randomly divided into training and validation sets using a 7∶3 ratio.Prediction models were constructed using decision tree,Bayesian,and Logistic regression algorithms,and their performance was evaluated using metrics such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),sensitivity,specificity,and others.Results  Univariate analysis revealed that gender,smoking,metabolic syndrome,number of polyps,polyp location,Yamada classification,histopathological type,resection method,follow-up time,polyp diameter,and operation duration were risk factors for recurrence(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis identified gender,metabolic syndrome,number of polyps,polyp diameter,polyp location,Yamada classification,histopathological type,resection method,and operation duration as independent risk factors for recurrence after endoscopic polypectomy.Model evaluation showed AUC values of 0.849,0.818,and 0.811 for the decision tree,Bayesian,and Logistic regression algorithms,respectively.Sensitivity values were 85.14%,81.62%,and 79.43%;specificity values were 81.69%,79.45%,and 74.18%;Youden’s indices were 0.534,0.551,and 0.573;and 95% confidence intervals(CIs)were 0.810–0.876,0.794–0.860,and 0.782–0.850,respectively.The  decision tree algorithm demonstrated the best predictive performance,while the Logistic regression algorithm performed the least favorably.Conclusions  Gender,metabolic syndrome,and polyp characteristics(number,diameter,location,etc.)are key  risk factors for recurrence after polypectomy.The decision tree algorithm exhibited optimal predictive efficacy,offering valuable insights for developing individualized follow-up strategies in clinical practice.
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