综述

儿童孤立性直肠溃疡综合征的诊治进展

Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of isolated rectal ulcer syndrome in children

:1175-1181
 
        儿童孤立性直肠溃疡综合征(SRUS)是一种较为罕见的慢性直肠疾病,儿童发病率低且缺乏明确统计学数据。该病主要表现为便血、排黏液便和排便不尽感,临床诊断较为困难,常易误诊为其他疾病。其发病机制尚不明确,可能与排便习惯异常、直肠黏膜异常、血管异常以及遗传易感性等多种因素有关,其中 CHEK2 基因的 p.H371Y 突变可能在发病机制中起关键作用。诊断需综合病史、体格检查以及排粪造影、超声内镜、肠镜检查与组织病理活检等多种辅助检查手段。治疗上目前尚无统一指南,主要包括改善饮食和排便习惯、生物反馈治疗、药物治疗、内镜下治疗和外科手术治疗等,但总体治疗难度较大且复发率较高。本文对儿童 SRUS 的流行病学、发病机制、临床表现、诊断和治疗等方面的研究进展进行综述,旨在提高临床医师对该病的诊疗水平,为未来进一步的研究提供参考依据。
       Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome(SRUS)in children is a chronic and benign disease of the rectum characterized by ulcers. The clinical incidence of SRUS in children is not high, but it is prone to misdiagnose and miss diagnosis,which can delay the optimal treatment opportunity. This article reviews the research progress on the epidemiology,pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of SRUS in children, aiming to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic level of clinicians.
学术前沿

胆管结扎诱导的梗阻性胆汁淤积对大鼠肝脏肝细胞影响的初步探究

Preliminary study of bile duct ligation induced obstructive cholestasis in rat hepatocytes

:1165-1174
 
目的 初步探究胆管结扎诱导的梗阻性胆汁淤积对大鼠肝细胞的影响。方法 10只Lewis大鼠随机分为对照组和胆汁淤积组,每组各5只,胆汁淤积组采用胆管结扎2周诱导梗阻性胆汁淤积大鼠模型。苏木精-伊红染色和苯胺蓝染色比较组织病理变化,使用生化分析比较两组小鼠肝功能情况。采用改良的两步胶原酶灌注分离原代肝细胞,通过RT-qPCR检测两组小鼠肝细胞标志基因、细胞增殖标志基因以及胆管细胞标志基因的表达情况。结果 与对照组相比,胆汁淤积组肝脏表现为明显的肝组织紊乱和纤维胶原蛋白沉积以及肝功能的损害。胆汁淤积组较对照组的原代肝细胞更高表达细胞增殖标志基因:细胞增殖标志物(Ki67)基因,叉头盒M1蛋白(Foxm1)基因,增殖细胞核抗原(Pcna)基因和肝细胞生长因子(HGF)基因(P<0.05);胆汁淤积组的原代肝细胞表达更低水平的肝细胞标志基因:白蛋白(Alb)基因,多药耐药相关蛋白2(Mrp2)基因,胆盐输出泵(Bsep)基因和肝细胞连环蛋白1(Catenin1)基因(P<0.05),同时表达更高水平的胆管细胞标志基因:细胞角蛋白7(Ck7)基因,细胞角蛋白 19(Ck19)基因,胆管细胞多药耐药性蛋白1(Mdr1)基因和胆管细胞囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节因子(Cftr)基因(P<0.05)以及肝祖细胞标志基因:上皮细胞黏附分子(Epcam)基因和Y染色体性别决定区-盒转录因子9(Sox9)基因(P<0.05)。结论 胆汁淤积可诱导肝细胞向胆管细胞特性转化的可塑性。
Objective To explore the effect of bile duct ligation induced obstructive cholestasis on rat hepatocytes. Methods Ten Lewis rats were randomly divided into control group and cholestasis group, and the cholestasis was induced by bile duct ligation for 2 weeks. The histopathological changes were compared by H&E and aniline blue staining and the liver function was compared by biochemical analysis. Primary hepatocytes were isolated by modified two-step collagenase perfusion, and the expressions of hepatocyte marker genes, cell proliferation marker genes and cholangiocyte marker genes were detected by RT-qPCR. Results Compared with the control group,the liver of the cholestatic group showed obvious disordered histopathology, deposition of fibrous collagen and impaired liver function. Compared with the control group, the primary hepatocytes in the cholestasis group expressed higher cell proliferation-related genes(Ki67,Foxm1,Pcna and HGF)(P<0. 05). Primary hepatocytes in the cholestasis group expressed lower levels of hepatocyte marker genes(Alb,Mrp2,Bsep and Catenin1)(P<0. 05),and higher levels of cholangiocyte marker genes(Ck7,Ck19,Mdr1 and Cftr)(P<0. 05)and higher levels of the hepatic progenitor cell marker genes(Epcam and Sox9)(P<0. 05). Conclusions Cholestasis induces rat hepatocyte plasticity in the transformation into bile duct properties.
专家述评

股骨转子间骨折内固定术后头颈钉位置评估的研究进展

Advances in evaluation methods for cephalic fixator position in femoral intertrochanteric fractures after internal fixation

:1158-1164
 
股骨转子间骨折是最常见的髋部骨折,内固定手术为其目前治疗的首选方式。头颈钉位置是评估手术效果和判断治疗预后的重要因素,合适的置钉位置有利于稳定骨折、加速康复以及改善预后。目前头颈钉位置最经典的评估方式为尖顶距(TAD),但TAD至今仍存在较多争议。近年来提出的轴刀角、尖颈距离比、偏心距(ED)以及标准化TAD(STAD)为临床实践拓展了新视野。文章通过对上述头颈钉位置的评估方法及局限性进行文献综述,旨在为临床手术置钉时提供相应的参考。ED和STAD的提出,为未来人工智能评估头颈钉位置提供了可能。
Femoral intertrochanteric fracture is one of the most common hip fractures, and the internal fixation is the preferred treatment. The position of cephalic fixator is an important factor to evaluate the effect of operation and the prognosis of treatment. Tip-apex-distance(TAD)is the most classical method to evaluate the position of cephalic fixator, but it is still controversial. In recent years, the axis-blade angle,tip-neck distance ratio, eccentric distance(ED)and standardized TAD(STAD)have been proposed,though with limitations, they also provide a new perspective for clinical practice. In this study, we reviewed the literature on the evaluation of the position of cephalic fixator in order to provide the corresponding references and guidance for the clinical operation of internal fixation. Both STAD and ED may be the theoretical possibility of artificial intelligence evaluation of the position of cephalic fixator in the future.

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医学教育

基于 Mini-CEX 的可视化思维导图联合案例教学在全科住院医师规范化培训中的应用效果

Effect of visual mind mapping combined with case teaching based on Mini-CEX for standardized training of general practitioners

:1153-1157
 
      目的   探讨基于迷你临床演练评估(Mini-CEX)的可视化思维导图联合案例教学在全科住院医师规范化培训中的应用效果。方法   选取参加全科住院医师规范化培训的52例学员并分为试验组(n=26)和对照组(n=26)。对照组采取以案例讲授为主的传统教学模式,试验组采取基于Mini-CEX的可视化思维导图联合案例教学模式。对比两组Mini-CEX评分、考核成绩及教学满意度。结果   试验组Mini-CEX测评的问诊技巧、体格检查、临床判断、诊治能力、技能操作及整体表现得分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组理论知识[(86.89±4.75)分 vs (82.96±4.87分)]、专业技能[(84.20±3.46)分 vs (70.18±4.93)分]及病历书写成绩[(80.64±5.26)分 vs (75.58±5.94)分]均高于对照组t分别为2.678、13.685、2.764,P分别为0.009、<0.001、0.007)。试验组住院医师教学满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论   基于Mini-CEX的可视化思维导图联合案例教学模式用于全科住院医师规范化培训,有助于提高教学效果及教学满意度。
       Objective  To evaluate the effect of visual mind mapping combined with case teaching based on mini-clinical evaluation exercise(Mini-CEX)for standardized training of general practitioners.Methods  A total of 52 students who participated the standardized training of general practitioners were selected and divided into an experimental group(n=26)and a control groupn=26).The control group adopted the traditional teaching mode based on case teaching and the experimental group adopted the visual mind mapping combined with case teaching based on Mini-CEX.The Mini-CEX score,assessment  results and teaching satisfaction of two groups were compared.Results  The interrogation skills,physical examination,clinical judgment,diagnosis and treatment ability,skill operation and overall performance of Mini-CEX in experimental group were higher than control group(P<0.05).Theoretical knowledge score([86.89±4.75] vs [82.96±4.87]),professional skills score([84.20±3.46] vs[70.18±4.93])and medical record writing score([80.64±5.26] vs [75.58±5.94])of experimental groups were higher than control group(t=2.678,13.685,2.764,P=0.009,<0.001,0.007).The teaching satisfaction of residents in experimental group was higher than control group(P<0.05).Conclusions  The visual mind mapping combined with case teaching based on Mini-CEX for standardized training of general practitioners is helpful to improve teaching effect and teaching satisfaction.
论著

鲁拉西酮治疗女性急性期精神分裂症的疗效及代谢风险观察

Observation of the efficacy and metabolic risk of lurasidone in the treatment of acute schizophrenia in women

:1145-1152
 
        目的   比较鲁拉西酮与奥氮平用于治疗女性急性期精神分裂症患者的疗效,以及其对体质量、糖脂代谢风险的影响。以期为女性急性期的精神分裂症患者抗精神病药物的选择提供参考。方法   连续选取于2022年4月—2024年4月内江门市第三人民医院收治的女性急性期精神分裂症患者80例,采用计算机随机分组法将患者分为治疗组与阳性药物对照组进行对照。治疗组40例口服鲁拉西酮40~80 mg/d,阳性药物对照40例组口服奥氮平5~20 mg/d。分别测量两组治疗前(基线)以及连续用药治疗2、4、6周后的PANSS量表评分,以及治疗后的代谢指标[体质量指数(BMI)、血清空腹血糖(FPG)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、载脂蛋白A(ApoA)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、载脂蛋白E(ApoE),并将治疗组与对照组前后疗效及各项代谢指标进行比较分析。结果   两组的总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(χ 2 =1.569,P>0.05);两组治疗前后PANSS量表评分的时间-组别效应与组别效应均无统计学意义(χ 2 =0.466、3.640,P=0.926、0.056),时间主效应显著(χ 2 =363.24,P<0.001)。两组TG、TC、HDL、ApoA、ApoB存在组别-时间交互效应(χ 2 =7.562、5.991、6.163、6.958、4.397,P=0.006、0.014、0.013、0.008、0.036),两组TG、ApoA时间主效应显著(χ 2 =33.473、8.846,P<0.001、0.003),两组ApoA组别效应显著(χ 2 =4.889,P=0.027)。   与奥氮平相比,鲁拉西酮治疗女性急性期精神分裂症的疗效相当,且对代谢指标影响更小。
        Objective  To compare the efficacy of lurasidone and olanzapine in the treatment of female patients with acute schizophrenia,as well as their effects on body mass,glucose and lipid metabolism risk.To provide  reference for the selection of antipsychotic drugs for female patients with acute schizophrenia.Methods  From April 2022 to April 2024,80 female patients with acute phase schizophrenia admitted to the Third People’s Hospital of Jiangmen City were selected as samples and included in the study.The patients were randomly divided into a treatment group and a positive drug control group using a computer randomization method for comparison.The treatment group took oral lorazepine tablets(40 cases;40-80 mg/d),while the positive drug control group took oral olanzapine tablets(40 cases;5-20 mg/d).The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale(PANSS)scores of two groups before treatment(baseline)and after 2,4,and 6 weeks of continuous medication treatment were measured,as well as metabolic indicators after treatment (body mass index[BMI],serum fasting blood glucose[FPG],total cholesterol[TC],triglycerides[TG],high-density lipoprotein[HDL],low-density lipoprotein[LDL],apolipoprotein A[ApoA],apolipoprotein B[ApoB],apolipoprotein E[ApoE]),and the efficacy and various metabolic indicators between the treatment group and the control group before and after treatment were compared and analyzed.Results  The total effective  rate of the two groups was not statistically significant(χ 2 =1.569,P>0.05).The time-group effect and group effect of PANSS scores before and after treatment in both groups were not statistically significant(χ 2 =0.466,3.640,P=0.926,0.056),while the time main effect was significant(χ 2 =363.24,P<0.001).There was a group-time interaction effect between two groups of TG,TC,HDL,ApoA,and ApoB(χ 2 =7.562,5.991,6.163,6.958,4.397,P=0.006,0.014,0.013,0.008,0.036).The time main effect of TG and ApoA was significant in both groups(χ 2 =33.473,8.846,P<0.001,0.003),and the group effect of ApoA was significant in both groups(χ 2 =4.889,P=0.027).Conclusions  Compared with olanzapine,the efficacy of lurasidone in the treatment of acute phase schizophrenia in women is comparable,and it has a smaller impact on metabolic indicators.
论著

构建基于 MIMIC-IV 数据库的主动脉夹层 B 型患者急性期死亡风险列线图预测模型:一项回顾性分析

Development of a nomogram predictive model for acute mortality risk in patients with type B aortic dissection based on the MIMIC-IV database:A retrospective analysis

:1134-1144
 
       目的   构建并验证主动脉夹层B型(TBAD)患者急性期预后的列线图预测模型,帮助临床医生在急性期内更准确地评估TBAD患者的死亡风险,并制定更合适的治疗策略。方法   回顾性分析从重症监护医学信息数据库v2.2 中提取的399例 TBAD患者的人口学资料和临床资料,结局为TBAD患者急性期(≤14 d)内死亡。先采用最小绝对收缩选择算法回归筛选特征变量,再采用多因素分析确定独立预后因素,并据此构建预测模型。通过受试者工作特征曲线、校准曲线、决策曲线分析(DCA)评价列线图预测模型的性能和临床适用性。结果  APS Ⅲ评分、二氧化碳总量、红细胞分布宽度为TBAD患者14 d内死亡的独立预测因素。列线图预测模型在内部验证中的受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.776(95% CI0.691 ~ 0.860),Hosmer-Lemeshow 检验P=0.604,校准曲线和标准曲线高度重合,表明该模型具有良好的区分度和校准度。同时,DCA曲线显示,预测模型在大部分的阈值概率范围内提供了显著的净收益。结论   本研究基于APS Ⅲ评分、二氧化碳总量、红细胞分布宽度构建的列线图预测模型可以较准确地预测TBAD患者14 d内的死亡风险,有助于临床医生制定更合适的个体化治疗策略。
       Objective  To develop and verify a nomogram for predicting acute phase outcomes in patients with type B aortic dissection(TBAD),enabling clinicians to more precisely evaluate mortality  risk in TBAD patients during the acute stage and to devise better treatment plans.Methods  This retrospective study analyzed demographic and clinical data of 399 TBAD patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV v2.2,focusing on mortality within 14 days of the acute phase in TBAD patients.Initially,the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression was employed for feature variable selection,and then multivariate analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors for constructing the predictive model.The nomogram predictive model’s effectiveness and clinical applicability were assessed via the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve,calibration curve,and Decision Curve Analysis(DCA).Results  Acute Physidogy Score Ⅲ score,total carbon dioxide,and red blood cell distribution width emerged as independent predictors of 14-day mortality in TBAD patients.The internal validation of the nomogram predictive model showed an area under the curve of 0.776(95%CI:0.691-0.860),with a Hosmer-Lemeshow test P-value of 0.604.The close alignment of the calibration and standard curves suggested the model’s strong discriminative power and calibration.Furthermore,the DCA curve  revealed that the predictive model offered substantial net benefits within a wide  range of threshold probabilities.Conclusions  This study's nomogram,developed using APS Ⅲ score,total carbon dioxide,and  red blood cell distribution width,accurately predicts the 14-day mortality risk in TBAD patients,assisting clinicians in creating better personalized treatment plans.
论著

帕金森病患者执行功能障碍与脑小血管病总负荷的相关性研究

The total burden of CSVD correlates with the executive functions in patients with Parkinson's disease

:1128-1133
 
        目的   探讨帕金森病(PD)患者执行功能障碍与脑小血管病(CSVD)总负荷的关系。方法   回顾性分析2020年1月1日—2024年6月30日在佛山市第一人民医院住院的156例PD患者收集患者的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、教育年限、高血压病史等,采用简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评估认知功能以及采用额叶功能评定表(FAB)评估执行功能。根据患者的认知功能和执行功能评定结果,将156例患者分为PD认知功能正常(PD-NC)组、PD执行功能异常组(PD-EF)和PD非执行功能异常组(PD-NEF)。所有研究对象均行头颅磁共振检查,行CSVD总负荷的评分。比较3组患者一般临床资料、CSVD及其标志物的差异。结果  PD-EF组的年龄、病程、H-Y分期、脑室周围白质高信号(PVWMH)、皮层下白质高信号(DWMH)、腔隙性脑梗死(LI)、CSVD 总负荷评分高于PD-NEF组、PD-NC组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,PD患者FAB评分与PWMH评分、DWMH评分、LI数目、CSVD总负荷评分均呈负相关(均P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,PD患者FAB评分越低,DWMH评分、LI数目、CSVD总负荷评分均越高(均P<0.05)。结论  PD患者执行功能障碍和CSVD总负荷相关。
       Objective  To explore whether total burden of cerebaral small vessel disease(CSVD)detected with MRI was associated with the executive functions in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods  In total,156 patients with PD in First People’s Hospital of Foshan from January 2020 to June 2024 were retrospectively enrolled.Detailed clinical data were obtained.The clinical data of all the patients such as age,gender,years of education,hypertension history were collected.The MiniMental State Examination(MMSE)and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA)were used to assess cognitive function,the Frontal Assessment Battery(FAB)was used to assess executive function.According to the function levels,all cases were divided into PD with normal cognition(PD-NC)group,PD with executive function(PD-EF)and PD with non-executive function(PD-NEF).All the patients underwent brain MRI to determine the presence and burden of CSVD,scoring between 0 and 4.Results  The age,course of disease,Hoehn-Yahr staging,the scores of periventricular white matter hyperintensities(PWMH),the scores of deep subcortical white matter hyperintensities(DWMH),the numbers of lacunar infarcts(LI),the CSVD scores were significantly higher in the patients of PD-EF group than PD-NC group and PD-NEF group(P<0.05).Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that FAB scores had a significant correlation with scores of PWMH,the scores of DWMH,the numbers of LI,and the CSVD burden scores(P<0.05).Multivariable analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between FAB scores and the scores of DWMH,the numbers of LI,the CSVD scores.Conclusions  The total MRI CSVD burden was associated with the executive functions in patients with PD in this study.
论著

无托槽隐形矫治对正畸拔牙患者牙根吸收、可溶性细胞间黏附分子 -1 的影响

The effect of clear aligner treatment on root resorption and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in orthodontic patients with extraction

:1122-1127
 
       目的   评估无托槽隐形矫治应用在正畸拔牙患者中的效果及对牙根吸收、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)的影响。方法   纳入2022年1月—2024年8月的70例正畸拔牙患者,按照治疗方法分组,即对照组(35例,给予固定矫治)、观察组(35例,给予无托槽隐形矫治),评价组间牙根吸收情况、牙周指标、炎症因子、矫治时间。果   治疗结束时,两组均出现牙根吸收情况,但是观察组无牙根吸收>3 mm病例,而对照组存在牙根吸收>3 mm、>4 mm病例,P<0.05。治疗前,两组牙周指标[龈沟出血指数(SBI)、牙龈指数(GI)、菌斑指数(PLI)]、炎症因子[白介素-1β(IL-1β)、sICAM-1]比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组SBI、GI、PLI、IL-1β、sICAM-1升高,且观察组SBI、GI、PLI、IL-1β、sICAM-1低于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组矫治时间更长(P<0.05)。结论   对正畸拔牙患者进行无托槽隐形矫治,虽然治疗时间长,但是可以抑制牙根吸收,减轻炎症反应,提高牙周健康水平。
       Objective  To evaluate the effect of clear aligner treatment on orthodontic tooth extraction patients and its impact on root resorption and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1).Methods  Seventy orthodontic extraction patients from January 2022 to August 2024 were included and divided into two groups according to treatment methods:a control group(35 cases,receiving fixed orthodontic treatment)and an observation group(35 cases,receiving clear aligner treatment).The root resorption,periodontal indicators,inflammatory factors,and orthodontic treatment time between groups were evaluated.Results  At the end of treatment,both groups showed root resorption,but there were no cases of root resorption>3 mm in the observation group,while there were cases of root resorption>3 mm and>4 mm in the control group,P<0.05.Before treatment,there was no difference in periodontal indicators(gingival bleeding index[SBI],gingival index[GI],plaque index[PLI]),inflammatory factors(interleukin-1 β[IL-1 β],sICAM-1) between the groups,P>0.05.After treatment,SBI,GI,PLI,IL-1 β,sICAM-1 increased in both groups,but SBI,GI,PLI,IL-1 β,sICAM-1 were lower in the  observation group,P<0.05.Compared with the control group,the observation group had a longer orthodontic treatment time,P<0.05.Conclusions  Although the clear aligner treatment time for orthodontic extraction patients is longer,it can inhibit root resorption,reduce inflammatory reactions,and improve periodontal health.
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