目的 合并肺纤维化的慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是COPD的特殊亚型，患者兼具气流受限与肺组织纤维化病理特征，临床症状更严重、肺功能下降更快，且现有单一治疗方案难以同时改善气流受限与纤维化进展，预后较差。基于此，本研究旨在分析尼达尼布联合格隆溴铵治疗合并肺纤维化的COPD患者的效果及对肺功能的影响，为优化临床治疗方案提供依据。方法 选取2022年3月—2024年12月收治的96例合并肺纤维化的COPD患者，采用前瞻性随机对照研究设计，应用随机数字表法分为试验组与对照组。所有患者均采取常规治疗，对照组48例采取尼达尼布治疗，试验组采取尼达尼布联合格隆溴铵治疗。两组均治疗24周后，比较治疗前后症状评分、肺功能、纤维化指标、炎症指标，并分析两组治疗安全性。结果 治疗后，两组CAT评分、mMRC评分及VAS降低（P＜0.05）；且与对照组比较，试验组CAT评分、mMRC评分及咳嗽VAS评分较低（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组FVC、FEV₁、DLCO及FEV₁/FVC比值均较治疗前改善（P＜0.05）；且与对照组比较，试验组FVC、FEV₁、DLCO及FEV₁/FVC比值较优（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组血清KL-6、SP-D水平及CT纤维化评分均降低（P＜0.05）；且与对照组比较，试验组血清KL-6、SP-D水平及CT纤维化评分较低（P＜0.05）。治疗后，两组血清IL-6、TNF-α及TGF-β1水平降低（P＜0.05）；且与对照组比较，试验组血清IL-6、TNF-α及TGF-β1水平较低（P＜0.05）。试验组总不良反应发生率为8.33%（4/48），对照组为10.42%（5/48），两组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 尼达尼布联合格隆溴铵治疗合并肺纤维化的COPD效果良好，可减轻患者临床症状，改善肺功能与肺纤维化，降低机体炎症反应，安全性较高。

   Objective To analyze the effects of the combination of nintedanib and glycopyrrolate in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）patients with associated pulmonary fibrosis and its impact on lung function，providing a basis for optimizing clinical treatment strategies．Methods Ninety-six COPD patients with pulmonary fibrosis admitted from March 2022 to December 2024 were selected，and divided into experimental group and control group using a random number table method．Using a prospective randomized controlled study design，all patients received conventional treatment，with 48 cases in the control group receiving treatment with nintedanib and the experimental group receiving treatment with nintedanib combined with glycopyrrolate bromide．After 24 weeks of treatment in both groups，the symptom scores，lung function，fibrosis indicators，and inflammation indicators were compared before and post-treatment，and the drug safety of the two groups was analyzed．Results Post-treatment，CAT score，mMRC score and VAS decreased in both groups（P＜0.05）．Compared with the control group，CAT score，mMRC score and cough VAS score were lower in the experimental group（P＜0.05）．Post-treatment，FVC，FEV₁，DLCO and FEV₁/FVC ratio of both groups improved compared with that before treatment（P＜0.05）．Compared with the control group，FVC，FEV₁，DLCO and FEV₁/FVC ratio of the experimental group were better（P＜0.05）．Post-treatment，serum KL-6，SP-D levels and CT fibrosis scores of both groups decreased（P＜0.05）．Compared with the control group，serum KL-6，SP-D levels and CT fibrosis scores of the experimental group were lower（P＜0.05）．Post-treatment，serum IL-6，TNF-α and TGF-β1 levels in both groups decreased（P＜0.05）．Compared with the control group，serum IL-6，TNF-α and TGF-β1 levels in the experimental group were lower（P＜0.05）．The incidence of total adverse reactions in the experimental group was 8.33%（4/48），and that in the control group was 10.42%（5/48）．There was no difference between the two groups（P＞0.05）．Conclusions The combination of nintedanib and glycopyrrolate has a significant effect on the treatment of COPD complicated with pulmonary fibrosis，which can alleviate its clinical symptoms，improve lung function and pulmonary fibrosis，reduce the body’s inflammatory response，which is relatively safe．

目的：评估血细胞分离机单采制备自体富血小板血浆（PRP）治疗雄激素性脱发（AGA）的疗效及安全性。方法：纳入31例AGA患者，采用单采技术制备血小板浓度803~1669×10?/L的自体PRP，激活后行头皮注射治疗3次（间隔1个月）。于基线（T1）及每次治疗后1、2、3个月（T2~T4）评估毛发密度与不良反应。结果：患者均为男性。毛发密度由T1的（111.77±12.00）根/cm2升至T4的（133.74±16.34）根/cm2（均P＜0.001）。医师评估有效率80.6%，患者满意率74.2%。主要不良反应为注射部位出血、肿痛及灼热感，均自行缓解；1例出现额部及眼睑明显水肿，5 d后消退。结论：单采自体PRP治疗AGA疗效确切且安全。规范控制PRP制备质量及血小板浓度有助于优化疗效。

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) prepared via apheresis using a blood cell separator for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Methods: A total of 31 patients with AGA who completed the study were enrolled. Autologous PRP with a platelet concentration of 803-1669×10?/L was prepared using apheresis technology. After activation, the PRP was administered via intralesional scalp injections for a total of 3 sessions at 1-month intervals. Hair density changes and adverse reactions were evaluated at baseline (T1) and at 1, 2, and 3 months after the initial treatment (T2-T4). Results: All included patients were male. Hair density significantly increased from (111.77±12.00) hairs/cm2 at baseline to (133.74±16.34) hairs/cm2 at T4 (all P<0.001). The clinician-evaluated effective rate was 80.6%, and the patient satisfaction rate was 74.2%. The primary adverse reactions included hemorrhage, swelling, burning sensation, and transient pain at the injection site, all of which resolved spontaneously. Notably, 1 patient developed marked edema in the forehead and eyelids, which subsided spontaneously after approximately 5 days. Conclusion: Autologous PRP prepared via apheresis is effective and safe for the treatment of AGA. Standardized quality control of PRP preparation and platelet concentration may contribute to further optimizing the therapeutic outcomes.

目的 探讨清咳平喘颗粒联合乙酰半胱氨酸对痰热闭肺型大叶性肺炎（LP）患儿的治疗效果。方法 回顾性选取我院收治的118例痰热闭肺型LP患儿（选例时间：2023年1月~2025年11月）为研究对象，根据治疗方案分为参照组（59例，采用乙酰半胱氨酸治疗）、联合组（59例，采用清咳平喘颗粒联合乙酰半胱氨酸治疗）。对比两组临床疗效、不良反应及治疗前、后肺功能［潮气量（VT）、达峰时间比（TPTEF/TE）、吸呼比（Ti/Te）、达峰容积比（VPEF/VE）］、中医证候、免疫功能、炎症因子［白细胞介素-8（IL-8）、趋化因子配体3（CCL3）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）］水平。结果 联合组总有效率为96.61%，高于参照组的83.05%（P＜0.05）；与参照组相比，治疗后联合组各中医证候积分均较低（P＜0.05）；联合组治疗后VT、TPTEF/TE、Ti/Te、VPEF/VE水平均较参照组高（P＜0.05）；联合组治疗后CD8+水平较参照组低，CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平较参照组高（P＜0.05）；治疗后联合组血清IL-8、CCL3、TNF-α、HMGB1水平均较参照组低（P＜0.05）；不良反应发生情况组间比较，无明显差异（P＞0.05）。结论 清咳平喘颗粒联合乙酰半胱氨酸可提高痰热闭肺型LP患儿治疗效果，减轻临床症状，改善肺功能、免疫功能，降低机体炎症反应程度。

Objective To explore the therapeutic efficacy of Qingke Pingchuan granules combined with acetylcysteine on children with lobar pneumonia (LP) of phlegm-heat obstructing lung type. Methods A total of 118 children with LP of phlegm-heat obstructing lung type admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to November 2025 were retrospectively selected as the research subjects. According to different treatment regimens, they were divided into the control group (59 cases, treated with acetylcysteine) and the combined group (59 cases, treated with Qingke Pingchuan granules combined with acetylcysteine). The clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, as well as the levels of pulmonary function indicators [tidal volume (VT), time to peak tidal expiratory flow ratio (TPTEF/TE), inspiration-expiration ratio (Ti/Te), volume to peak tidal expiratory flow ratio (VPEF/VE)], traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, immune function and inflammatory factors [interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1)] before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the combined group was 96.61%, which was higher than 83.05% of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the TCM syndrome scores of the combined group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The levels of VT, TPTEF/TE, Ti/Te and VPEF/VE in the combined group were higher than those in the control group after treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, the level of CD8? in the combined group was lower, while the levels of CD3?, CD4? and CD4?/CD8? were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The serum levels of IL-8, CCL3, TNF-α and HMGB1 in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The combination of Qingke Pingchuan granules and acetylcysteine can enhance the therapeutic efficacy on children with LP of phlegm-heat obstructing lung type, relieve clinical symptoms, improve pulmonary function and immune function, and reduce systemic inflammatory response.

目的:探讨早期康复治疗对中青年脑卒中患者肢体运动功能恢复等影响。方法：从我院选取中青年脑卒中患者90例作为实验对象，分为实验组和观察组各45例，两组同时接受相同常规治疗并给予早期康复介入，并对其进行患侧上肢和下肢功能评定量表（ Fugl-Meyer, FMMS），以及患者日常生活活动能力（Modified Barthel Index,MBI）评定。实验组给予进一步强化康复运动治疗，以加速提高患者康复速率；2周结束时对实验组和观察组再次进行评估，比较2组患者治疗前后组内和组间治疗疗效。结果：早期康复2周后，实验组FMMS量表上肢评分为(29.82±15.43)分，观察组上肢评分为(21.33±11.98)分，组间存在统计学差异（P=0.005）。实验组FMMS量表下肢评分为(21.18±8.97)分，观察组下肢评分为(15.40±7.40)分，实验组得分高于观察组且两组间存在显著统计学差异（P=0.002）；随访1个月后实验组上下肢功能呈持续改善趋势，且两组间差异具有显著统计学意义。实验组MBI量表评分为(35.56±18.93)分，高于对照组（28.56±14.68）分，但未见统计学意义；1个月后两组间差异具有显著统计学意义（P＜0.001）。结论：研究表明，早期康复治疗对改善中青年脑卒中患者肢体功能和日常生活活动能力具有显著康复效果。

Objective:Exploring the impact of early rehabilitation therapy on the recovery of limb motor function and other aspects in young and middle-aged stroke patients. Methods: Ninety young and middle-aged stroke patients were selected from our hospital as experimental subjects and divided into two groups, namely the experimental group and the observation group, with 45 cases in each group. Both groups received the same conventional treatment and early rehabilitation intervention simultaneously, and were evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale (FMMS) for the affected upper and lower limbs, as well as the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) for activities of daily living. The experimental group received further intensive rehabilitation exercise therapy to accelerate the rehabilitation rate. At the end of 2 weeks, both groups were reassessed, and the therapeutic effects within and between the two groups before and after treatment were compared. Results: After 2 weeks of early rehabilitation, the FMMS upper limb score in the experimental group was (29.36±15.27) points, while that in the observation group was (25.18±11.99) points, with no statistically significant difference observed between the groups. The FMMS lower limb score in the experimental group was (20.93±8.93) points, higher than that in the observation group (15.40±7.40) points, with a significant statistical difference between the two groups (P=0.002). The MBI score in the experimental group was (33.22±15.96) points, higher than that in the control group (28.56±14.68) points, but no statistical significance was observed. Conclusions: Our study indicates that early rehabilitation therapy has certain effects on upper limb function and activities of daily living in patients, particularly demonstrating significant rehabilitation effects in improving lower limb functional recovery in young and middle-aged stroke patients.

目的 探讨膀胱镜在血尿患者膀胱病变诊断中的应用价值，并比较其与超声、CT尿路造影（CTU）、尿液细胞学的诊断效能差异，为临床精准诊疗提供参考。方法 回顾性选取在2020年6月至2025年6月期间本院收治的100例血尿患者作为研究对象，所有患者均 接受膀胱镜检查，以病理检查结果为金标准，分析病变类型分布情况；统计膀胱镜的诊断准确率、灵敏度、特异度；并比较4种检查方法对膀胱肿瘤的检出效能；记录并发症发生情况。结果 100例血尿患者经病理检查确诊：膀胱病变68例，其中膀胱肿瘤23例、膀胱炎26例、膀胱结石12例、膀胱息肉7例；非膀胱源性血尿32例。在膀胱肿瘤检出方面：超声灵敏度34.78%（8/23）、CTU灵敏度47.83%（11/23）、尿液细胞学灵敏度26.09%（6/23），而膀胱镜灵敏度为95.65%（22/23）。肉眼血尿组的膀胱病变检出率和膀胱肿瘤检出率均显著高于镜下血尿组（P<0.05）。经膀胱镜检查诊断：膀胱病变71例，阳性65例，阴性6例；非膀胱病变29例，阴性26例，阳性3例。膀胱镜的灵敏度、特异度和准确度分别为95.59%、81.25%、91.00%；膀胱镜与病理检查的一致性良好（kappa=0.894）。5例患者出现轻微血尿，3例患者出现尿道刺激症状，均在1～2天内自行缓解。无严重感染、膀胱穿孔等严重并发症发生。结论 膀胱镜检查对膀胱病变具有极高的诊断价值，其灵敏度显著优于超声、CTU及尿液细胞学。对于肉眼血尿患者，膀胱镜检查指征明确；对于镜下血尿患者，需结合危险因素综合评估检查必要性，避免过度医疗。

Objective This study explores the application value of cystoscopy in the diagnosis of bladder lesions in patients with hematuria, and compares its diagnostic efficacy with that of ultrasound, CT urography (CTU), and urine cytology, aiming to provide a reference for clinical precise diagnosis. Methods: A total of 100 patients with hematuria admitted to our hospital from June 2020 to June 2025 were retrospectively selected as the research subjects. All patients underwent cystoscopy. Taking the pathological examination results as the gold standard, the distribution of lesion types was analyzed, and the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity of cystoscopy. Compare the detection efficacy of the four examination methods for bladder tumors; record the occurrence of complications. Results: Among 100 patients with hematuria, pathological examination confirmed that 68 cases had bladder lesions, including 23 cases of bladder tumors, 26 cases of cystitis, 12 cases of bladder stones, and 7 cases of bladder polyps. There were 32 cases of non-bladder origin hematuria. In terms of bladder tumor detection: the sensitivity of ultrasound was 34.78% (8/23), that of CTU was 47.83% (11/23), that of urine cytology was 26.09% (6/23), and that of cystoscopy was 95.65% (22/23). The detection rates of bladder lesions and bladder tumors in the group with gross hematuria were significantly higher than those in the group with microscopic hematuria (P < 0.05). Diagnosis by cystoscopy: 71 cases of bladder lesions, 65 positive cases and 6 negative cases. There were 29 cases of non-bladder lesions, including 26 negative cases and 3 positive cases. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of cystoscopy were 95.59%, 81.25% and 91.00% respectively. The consistency between cystoscopy and pathological examination was good (kappa=0.894). Five patients presented with mild hematuria and three patients had urethral irritation symptoms, all of which relieved spontaneously within 1 to 2 days. No serious complications such as severe infection or bladder perforation occurred. Conclusion: Cystoscopy has extremely high diagnostic value for bladder lesions, with its sensitivity significantly superior to ultrasound, CTU and urine cytology. For patients with gross hematuria, the indication for cystoscopy is clear; for those with microscopic hematuria, the necessity of the examination should be comprehensively evaluated based on risk factors to avoid excessive medical treatment.

目的 分析槐花散合桃花汤联合FP（顺铂、5-氟尿嘧啶）化疗方案治疗寒热错杂型晚期食管癌患者的效果。方法 选取我院2023年1月～2024年8月寒热错杂型晚期食管癌患者98例，依照随机数字表法分为两组，各49例。对照组接受FP化疗方案治疗，观察组接受槐花散合桃花汤联合FP化疗方案治疗。比较两组多维度疗效[西医疗效（疾病控制率）、中医疗效]、治疗前后中医证候积分（TCMSS）、肿瘤标志物[鳞状细胞癌抗原（SCC-Ag）、癌胚抗原（CEA）、细胞角蛋白19片段（CYFRA21-1）]、生活质量[食管癌生命质量测定量表（QLICP-ES）]、毒副反应、1年生存率。结果 观察组中医疗效（89.80%）较对照组（65.31%）高（P＜0.05），而两组疾病控制率比较无明显差异（P＞0.05）；观察组TCMSS低于对照组（P＜0.05）；治疗后，观察组CEA、CYFRA21-1、SCC-Ag水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）；治疗后，观察组QLICP-ES评分低于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组恶心呕吐、消化系出血、脱发发生率较对照组低（P＜0.05）；两组1年生存率对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）。结论 槐花散合桃花汤联合FP化疗方案治疗寒热错杂型晚期食管癌，能提高中医疗效，降低患者肿瘤标志物水平，减轻毒副反应，改善中医症状，并有助于减轻化疗对生活质量的负面影响。

Objective To analyze the efficacy of Huaihua San and Taohua Decoction combined with FP (cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil) chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of patients with advanced esophageal cancer of intermingled cold-heat syndrome type. Methods A total of 98 patients with advanced esophageal cancer complicated with intermingled cold-heat syndrome admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to August 2024 were enrolled and divided into two groups by the random number table method, with 49 cases in each group. The control group was treated with FP chemotherapy regimen, and the observation group was treated with Huaihua San and Taohua Decoction combined with FP chemotherapy. Multi-dimensional efficacy indicators [western medicine efficacy (disease control rate) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) efficacy], as well as the TCM syndrome score (TCMSS), tumor markers [squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1)], quality of life [quality of life instrument for cancer patients-esophageal cancer scale (QLICP-ES)] before and after treatment, adverse reactions and 1-year survival rate were compared between the two groups. Results The TCM efficacy rate of the observation group was 89.80%, which was significantly higher than 65.31% of the control group (P<0.05), no significant difference was found in disease control rate between the two groups (P>0.05). The TCMSS of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and SCC-Ag in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The QLICP-ES score of the observation group was superior to the control group after treatment (P<0.05). The incidences of nausea and vomiting, digestive tract hemorrhage and alopecia in the observation group were markedly lower (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in 1-year survival rate between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The regimen of Huaihua San and Taohua Decoction combined with FP chemotherapy for advanced esophageal cancer of intermingled cold-heat syndrome can improve TCM therapeutic efficacy, reduce the levels of tumor markers, alleviate toxic and side effects, ameliorate TCM symptoms, and lessen the negative impact of chemotherapy on patients quality of life.

摘要 目的 分析固定（FB）和活动平台（MB）单髁置换术（UKA）在膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎早期阶段的临床效果与影像学差异，以指导临床假体选择。 方法 本研究回顾性纳入41例确诊为单侧膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎的患者，按照假体类型分为两组：FB组（20例，使用春立XG假体）和MB组（21例，使用春立XK假体）。分别在术前、术后及随访终点统计膝关节屈伸活动范围（ROM）、VAS 疼痛评分、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分（HSS ）；测量并比较股胫角（FTA）、胫骨假体内外翻角（TCVA）、胫骨假体后倾角（TCPSA）；记录围手术期指标及并发症情况。 结果 两组患者术后ROM、VAS、HSS 评分均较术前显著改善（P均<0.0001）；末次随访时固定平台组 VAS 评分显著低于活动平台组（P<0.05），而两组间的ROM、HSS 评分无统计学差异（均 P>0.05）。两组术后 FTA、TCVA、TCPSA 均恢复至理想范围，组间均无统计学差异（均 P>0.05）。固定平台组手术时间更短（P<0.05），两组均无严重并发症，假体生存率均为 100%。 结论 活动平台与固定平台单髁置换术均可显著改善膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎患者疼痛、活动度及功能，下肢力线恢复效果相当；固定平台假体在疼痛控制与手术便捷性方面更具优势，临床可根据患者情况与术者经验个体化选择。 关键词 单髁置换术；活动平台假体；固定平台假体；骨关节炎；并发症

Abstract Objective To investigate the early clinical outcomes and radiological differences between fixed-bearing (FB) and mobile-bearing (MB) unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in the treatment of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA), and to provide evidence for clinical prosthesis selection. Methods Clinical data of 41 patients with unilateral medial compartment knee OA were retrospectively analyzed. The FB group comprised 20 patients (using Chunli XG prosthesis), and the MB group comprised 21 patients (using Chunli XK prosthesis). Knee range of motion (ROM), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain score, and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score were compared between the two groups preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the final follow-up. Femorotibial angle (FTA), tibial component valgus angle (TCVA), and tibial component posterior slope angle (TCPSA) were measured and compared. Perioperative indicators and complications were recorded. Results Postoperative ROM, VAS, and HSS scores significantly improved compared with preoperative values in both groups (all P < 0.0001). At the final follow-up, the VAS score in the FB group was significantly lower than that in the MB group (P < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed in ROM or HSS scores between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Postoperative FTA, TCVA, and TCPSA values returned to the ideal range in both groups, with no significant intergroup differences (all P > 0.05). The FB group had a significantly shorter operative time (P < 0.05). No severe complications occurred in either group, and the prosthesis survival rate was 100% in both groups. Conclusion Both FB-UKA and MB-UKA significantly improve pain, range of motion, and function in patients with medial compartment knee OA, with comparable efficacy in restoring lower limb alignment. The FB prosthesis offers advantages in pain control and surgical convenience. Clinical selection may be individualized based on patient characteristics and surgeon experience. Keywords Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty; Mobile-bearing prosthesis; Fixed-bearing prosthesis; Osteoarthritis; Complications

目的 探讨固定平台（FB）与活动平台（MB）单髁置换术（UKA）治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎（OA）的早期临床疗效及影像学差异，为临床假体选择提供依据。 方法 回顾性分析41 例单侧膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎患者临床资料，其中 FB 组 20例（采用春立XG假体），MB 组 21 例（采用春立XK假体）。比较两组患者术前、术后和末次随访的膝关节活动度（ROM）、疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分（HSS）；测量并比较股胫角（FTA）、胫骨假体内外翻角（TCVA）、胫骨假体后倾角（TCPSA）；记录围手术期指标及并发症情况。 结果 两组患者术后ROM、VAS、HSS 评分均较术前显著改善（P均<0.0001）；末次随访时固定平台组 VAS 评分显著低于活动平台组（P<0.05），ROM、HSS 评分两组差异无统计学意义（均 P>0.05）。两组术后 FTA、TCVA、TCPSA 均恢复至理想范围，组间差异均无统计学意义（均 P>0.05）。固定平台组手术时间更短（P<0.05），两组均无严重并发症，假体生存率均为 100%。 结论 固定平台与活动平台单髁置换术均可显著改善膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎患者疼痛、活动度及功能，下肢力线恢复效果相当；固定平台假体在疼痛控制与手术便捷性方面更具优势，临床可根据患者情况与术者经验个体化选择。 关键词 单髁置换术；活动平台假体；固定平台假体；骨关节炎；并发症

Abstract Objective To investigate the early clinical outcomes and radiological differences between fixed-bearing (FB) and mobile-bearing (MB) unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in the treatment of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA), and to provide evidence for clinical prosthesis selection. Methods Clinical data of 41 patients with unilateral medial compartment knee OA were retrospectively analyzed. The FB group comprised 20 patients (using Chunli XG prosthesis), and the MB group comprised 21 patients (using Chunli XK prosthesis). Knee range of motion (ROM), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain score, and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score were compared between the two groups preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the final follow-up. Femorotibial angle (FTA), tibial component valgus angle (TCVA), and tibial component posterior slope angle (TCPSA) were measured and compared. Perioperative indicators and complications were recorded. Results Postoperative ROM, VAS, and HSS scores significantly improved compared with preoperative values in both groups (all P < 0.0001). At the final follow-up, the VAS score in the FB group was significantly lower than that in the MB group (P < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed in ROM or HSS scores between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Postoperative FTA, TCVA, and TCPSA values returned to the ideal range in both groups, with no significant intergroup differences (all P > 0.05). The FB group had a significantly shorter operative time (P < 0.05). No severe complications occurred in either group, and the prosthesis survival rate was 100% in both groups. Conclusion Both FB-UKA and MB-UKA significantly improve pain, range of motion, and function in patients with medial compartment knee OA, with comparable efficacy in restoring lower limb alignment. The FB prosthesis offers advantages in pain control and surgical convenience. Clinical selection may be individualized based on patient characteristics and surgeon experience. Keywords Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty; Mobile-bearing prosthesis; Fixed-bearing prosthesis; Osteoarthritis; Complications

目的：初步探索羧基麦芽糖铁（FCM）治疗非透析慢性肾脏病（ND-CKD）贫血患者的有效性与安全性，为FCM在我国ND-CKD贫血患者中的临床应用提供参考。方法：本研究为单中心、前瞻性、单臂研究，纳入25例ND-CKD贫血患者，给予FCM 500 mg或1000 mg单次静脉输注，分别于基线和 FCM治疗的1周后、1月后采集患者外周血，检测血红蛋白、血清铁蛋白、转铁蛋白饱和度，同时观察、记录不良事件发生情况。结果：（1）患者经FCM单次输注后，1周后及1月后的血红蛋白、血清铁蛋白、转铁蛋白饱和度均显著升高（P<0.05）。与FCM治疗1周后相比，1月后的血红蛋白显著升高（P<0.05），血清铁蛋白、转铁蛋白饱和度均显著降低（P<0.05）。（2）2例患者发生低磷血症，1例患者出现过敏性皮疹，1例患者出现输注侧上肢酸胀不适。结论：FCM作为新型快速补铁制剂，可有效改善ND-CKD患者的贫血及铁代谢，短期安全性整体可控。

Objective: To preliminarily explore the efficacy and safety of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) in the treatment of anemia in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD), and to provide a reference for the clinical application of FCM in Chinese ND-CKD patients with anemia. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, single-arm study. A total of 25 ND-CKD patients with anemia were enrolled and received a single intravenous infusion of FCM at a dose of 500 mg or 1000 mg. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients at baseline, 1 week, and 1 month after FCM treatment to measure hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and transferrin saturation. Meanwhile, adverse events were observed and recorded. Results: (1) After a single infusion of FCM, the levels of hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and transferrin saturation were significantly increased at one week and one month post-treatment (P<0.05). Compared with the values at one week after FCM treatment, hemoglobin levels at one month were significantly higher (P<0.05), while serum ferritin and transferrin saturation levels were significantly lower (P<0.05). (2) Two patients developed hypophosphatemia, one patient experienced an allergic rash, and one patient reported soreness and discomfort in the upper limb on the infusion side. Conclusion: As a novel and rapid iron supplement preparation, FCM can effectively improve anemia and iron metabolism in patients with ND-CKD, with overall manageable short-term safety.

    目的   探讨放血疗法对小儿发热的疗效。方法   检索包括中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、CNKI、万方、维普、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library等8个中、英文数据库自建库至2025年5月所发表的放血疗法治疗小儿发热的随机对照试验研究（RCT），2名研究人员根据Cochrane系统评价手册（5.1.0版）推荐的偏倚风险评估表对所纳入文献进行质量评估，采用RevMan 5.4软件对纳入文献质量进行系统分析。结果  纳入19项RCT，共2 224例患儿，其中观察组1 118例、对照组1 106例。放血疗法能够提高小儿发热的临床疗效［OR=4.18，95% CI（3.00，5.38），P＜0.001］；降低患儿24 h内高热复发率［OR=0.12，95% CI（0.05，0.34），P＜0.001］；缩短平均退热时间［MD=-1.78，95% CI（-2.56，-1.00），P＜0.001］。结论  放血疗法能够提高小儿发热的临床疗效，降低复发率，缩短退热时间，可作为小儿发热的辅助治疗方法。

       Objective  To explore the efficacy of bloodletting therapy treatment on pediatric fever by meta-analysis．Methods  The randomised controlled trials（RCTs）examining bloodletting therapy for paediatric fever were  retrieved from eight Chinese and English databases—China Biomedical Literature Database（CBM），CNKI，Wanfang，VIP，PubMed，Embase，Web of Science，and Cochrane Library—covering publications from the establishment of each database up to May 2025．Two researchers assessed study quality using the risk of bias assessment tool recommended in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews（version 5.1.0）．RevMan 5.4 software was employed for systematic analysis of included studies．Results  Nineteen RCTs involving 2 224 patients were ultimately included，comprising 1 118 patients in the observation group and 1 106 in the control group．Results indicated that bloodletting therapy significantly improved clinical efficacy in paediatric fever（OR=4.18，95% CI［3.00，5.38］，P＜0.001），reduced the recurrence rate of high fever within 24 hours（OR=0.12，95% CI［0.05，0.34］，P＜0.001），and shortened the average time to fever resolution（MD=-1.78，95% CI［-2.56，-1.00］，P＜0.001）．Conclusions  Bloodletting therapy can improve the clinical efficacy of pediatric fever，reduce the recurrence rate and shorten the time of fever reduction，and can be used as an adjunctive treatment for pediatric fever．