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综述

经皮电刺激治疗胃食管反流病的研究进展

Advances in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease by transcutaneous electrical stimulation

:1028-1034
 
        胃食管反流病是一种以烧心和反流为主要症状的胃食管动力障碍性疾病,现有的常规治疗存在药物依赖,手术风险高且易复发等局限性,而经皮电刺激作为一种新兴疗法,在治疗动力障碍性疾病时具有非侵入性、可逆性及调节生理功能的优势。因此本研究为了探讨经皮电刺激治疗胃食管反流病的进展,现从胃食管反流病的神经调控生理、不同经皮电刺激对治疗胃食管反流病的研究以及应用效果等方面进行综述,以期为胃食管反流病提供新的诊断思路和方法。
    In order to discuss the progress of transcutaneous electrical stimulation for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),the physiology of neuromodulation of GERD,the research on different transcutaneous electrical stimulation for the treatment of GERD,and the application effect were reviewed,with the aim of providing new diagnostic ideas and methods for GERD.
医院管理

某医院临床试验用药品规范管理体系的构建与实践

Construction and practice of standardized management system of drugs for clinical trials from a hospital

:1000-1005
 
       目的   通过分析广州某三甲医院临床试验用药品规范管理体系构建前后试验用药品超温次数及质控发现缺陷项数量变化情况,为药物临床试验规范开展提供参考。方法   结合某医院临床试验用药品管理实践,以试验用药品超温次数、质控发现缺陷项数量占项目比为评价指标,使用卡方检验进行比较。结果   某医院实施临床试验用药品规范管理体系后,发生试验用药品超温次数由实施前的9次下降至3次,呈明显下降趋势,2018—2020年试验用药品管理方面质控发现缺陷项数量占项目比为70.25%,2021—2023年占项目比为18.90%,实施前后组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论   构建临床试验用药品规范管理体系,可以减少试验用药品超温次数和试验用药品管理方面质控发现缺陷项数量,从而保证药物临床试验的质量。
       Objective   To analyze the changes in the number of excessive temperature incidents and the proportion of quality control issues in drug management before and after the establishment of construction and practice of standardized management system in a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou,to provide a reference for drug clinical trials standard development.Methods  Based on the management practice of investigational medicinal products from a hospital,the number of excessive temperature incidents and the proportion of quality control issues in drug management were taken as evaluation index and compared using chi-square tests.Results  After implementing the standardized management system for investigational drugs,the number of temperature exceeding incidents decreased from 9 times to 3 times,showing an obvious decreasing trend,and from 2018 to 2020,the  proportion of quality control issues in drug management accounted for 70.25%,while from 2021 to 2023,it accounted for 18.90%.There was a statistically significant difference between the groups before and after the implementation(P<0.001).Conclusions  The establishment of  standardized management  system for investigational medicinal  products can  reduce the  number of excessive temperature incidents and the proportion of quality control issues in drug management,and ensure the quality of drug clinical trials.
论著

支气管镜灌洗对儿童重症肺部感染合并肺实变的应用效果及对 CT 特征、肺功能影响

Application effects of bronchoalveolar lavage in children with severe pulmonary infection complicated by lung consolidation and its impact on CT features and pulmonary function

:951-956
 
       目的   探讨支气管镜灌洗用于儿童重症肺部感染合并肺实变的治疗效果及对CT特征、肺功能的影响。法   选取2022年5月—2024年5月铜仁市人民医院收治的100例重症肺部感染合并肺实变患儿开展前瞻性研究,应用随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各50例。对照组患儿采取常规治疗,观察组则采取常规治疗加支气管镜灌洗治疗。对比其临床疗效,治疗前后炎症因子、CT特征及肺功能变化。结果   观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组患儿白细胞计数(10.36±2.52)×109 /L、白细胞介素-6(20.57±5.05)ng/L、C反应蛋白(13.12±2.64)mg/L、降钙素原(101.62±12.16)pg/L均低于对照组白细胞计数(13.25±3.32)×109 /L、白细胞介素-6(31.69±4.11)ng/L、C反应蛋白(16.16±4.44)mg/L、降钙素原(113.46±18.11)pg/L(P<0.05);治疗后两组患儿胸腔积液、支气管壁增厚、空气支气管征、肺部实变、磨玻璃影等相关CT影像特征占比下降,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组患儿呼气流量峰值水平均升高,观察组(90.67±18.45)L/s高于对照组(81.27±17.69)L/s,用力肺活量水平均更高,观察组(3.33±0.68)L高于对照组(2.68±0.25)L(P<0.05)。结论   针对儿童重症肺部感染合并肺实变,在常规治疗基础上增加支气管镜灌洗可提升临床疗效,减轻机体炎症反应,改善胸部CT各种表现及肺功能。
        Objective  To explore the therapeutic effects of bronchoalveolar lavage in children with  severe pulmonary infection complicated by lung consolidation and its impact on CT features and pulmonary function.Methods A prospective study was conducted on 100 children with severe pulmonary infection complicated with pulmonary consolidation in a hospital from May 2022 to May 2024.They were randomly divided into observation group and control group using a random number table method,50 cases in each group.The control group of children received routine treatment,and the observation group received conventional treatment plus bronchoalvelar lavage.Clinical efficacy,inflammatory factors,CT features,and alterations in pulmonary function before and after therapy were compared.Results  The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the white blood cell count(10.36±2.52)×109 /L,interleukin-6(20.57±5.05)ng/L,C-reactive protein(13.12±2.64)mg/L,and procalcitonin(101.62±12.16)pg/L in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group(13.25±3.32)×109 /L,interleukin-6(31.69±4.11)ng/L,C-reactive protein(16.16±4.44)mg/L,and procalcitonin(113.46±18.11)pg/L(P<0.05).After treatment,the proportion of CT imaging features such as pleural effusion,bronchial wall thickening,air bronchogram sign,lung consolidation,ground glass opacities,decreased in both groups of children,and the observation group was lower than the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the peak levels of expiratory flow in both groups of children increased,with the observation group(90.67±18.45)L/s higher than the control group(81.27±17.69)L/s.The forced vital capacity levels were also higher,with the observation group(3.33±0.68)L higher than the control group(2.68±0.25)L(P<0.05).Conclusions  Adding bronchoalvelar lavage to routine treatment for children with severe pulmonary infection complicated with pulmonary consolidation can improve their clinical efficacy,alleviate inflammatory reactions,and improve various chest CT manifestations and lung function.
论著

CT 增强碘对比剂急性不良反应发生及影响因素分析

Analysis of the occurrence and influencing factors of acute adverse reactions of enhanced CT iodine contrast agents

:829-835
 
       目的   探讨电子计算机断层扫描(CT)增强碘对比剂急性不良反应发生及影响因素分析。方法   选取天津市肿瘤医院空港医院2020年10月—2023年10月收治的100例行CT增强出现碘对比剂急性不良反应的患者进行回顾性分析,将其分为观察组,另选取同期在我院行CT增强检查未发生不良反应的100例患者作为对照组。分析观察组患者碘对比剂急性不良反应情况,对比两组患者临床资料及碘对比剂注射情况,以急性不良反应作为因变量(发生急性不良反应=1,未发生急性不良反应=0)纳入Logistic回归模型,分析CT增强碘对比剂急性不良反应发生的独立影响因素。结果  100例发生碘对比剂急性不良反应的患者中轻度65例(65.00%),中度34例(34.00%),重度1例(1.00%);观察组与对照组性别、年龄、体质指数(BMI)、高血压史、糖尿病史、心功能不全史、甲状腺功能亢进史、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病史、碘对比剂使用史、食物过敏史对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组与对照组哮喘史(9.00% vs 2.00%)、肾功能不全史(13.00% vs 3.00%)、碘对比剂不良反应发生史(21.00% vs  2.00%)、花粉过敏史(12.00% vs 4.00%)、药物过敏史(26.00% vs 7.00%)及其他过敏史(10.00% vs 2.00%),对比差异有统计学意义(χ 2 =4.710,P=0.030;χ  2 =6.790,P=0.009;χ 2 =17.740,P<0.001;χ 2 =4.350,P=0.037;χ 2 =13.100,P<0.001;χ 2 =5.670,P=0.017);观察组与对照组碘对比剂剂量对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组与对照组碘对比剂注射速度(<3 mL/min为55.00% vs 69.00%;≥3 mL/min为45.00% vs 31.00%)、碘对比剂类型(碘克沙醇为34.00% vs 34.00%,碘佛醇为47.00% vs 30.00%,碘海醇为19.00% vs  36.00%)对比差异有统计学意义(χ 2 =4.160,P=0.041;χ 2 =9.010,P=0.011);肾功能不全史、碘对比剂不良反应发生史、药物过敏史、其他过敏史、碘对比剂注射速度为发生碘对比剂急性不良反应的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论  CT增强碘对比剂急性不良反应多以轻度为主,且以往合并肾功能不全、碘对比剂不良反应发生史、药物过敏史、其他过敏史、碘对比剂注射速度过高可能为碘对比剂不良反应发生的影响因素。
       Objective  To explore the occurrence and influencing factors of acute adverse reactions of iodine contrast agents in enhanced computed tomography(CT).Methods  A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 patients admitted to our hospital from October 2020 to October 2023 who experienced acute adverse reactions to iodine contrast agents during CT enhancement.They were divided into an observation group and another 100 patients who underwent CT enhancement examination in our hospital during the same period without any adverse reactions were selected as the control group.The acute adverse  reactions of iodine contrast agent in the observation group of patients were analyzed,the clinical data and injection of iodine contrast agent between the two groups of patients were compared,and include acute adverse reactions as the dependent variable(occurrence of acute adverse reactions=1,absence of acute adverse reactions=0)was used in the Logistic regression model to analyze the independent influencing factors of acute adverse reactions of CT enhanced iodine contrast agent.Results  Among the 100 patients who experienced acute adverse reactions to iodine contrast agents,65 were mild reactions,accounting for 65.00%,34 cases had were moderate reactions,accounting for 34.00%,and one cases had severe reactions,accounting for 1.00%.There was no significant difference between the observation group and the control group in gender,age,body mass index(BMI),history of hypertension,diabetes,heart dysfunction,hyperthyroidism,coronary heart disease,use of iodine contrast agent,and food allergy(P>0.05).The history of asthma(9.00% vs 2.00%),renal insufficiency(13.00% vs 3.00%),adverse reactions of iodine contrast(21.00 % vs 2.00%),pollen allergy(12.00% vs  4.00%),drug allerg(26.00% vs  7.00%)and other allergies(10.00 % vs  2.00%)were significantly different(χ 2 =4.710,P=0.030;χ 2 =6.790,P=0.009;χ 2 =17.740,P<0.001;χ 2 =4.350,P=0.037;χ 2 =13.100,P<0.001;χ 2 =5.670,P=0.017).There was no significant difference in the dosage of iodine contrast agent between the observation group and the control group(P0.05).The injection rate of iodine contrast agent between the observation group and the control group(< 3 mL/min was 55.00% vs  69.00%;≥3 mL/min was 45.00% vs 31.00%),and the types of iodoxanol (iodoxanol[34.00% vs 34.00%],iodoxanol[47.00% vs 30.00%],iodohexanol[19.00% vs 36.00%]) were significantly different(χ 2 =4.160,P=0.041;χ 2  =9.010,P=0.011).History of renal insufficiency,adverse reactions to iodine contrast agents,drug allergies,other allergies,and injection speed of iodine contrast agents were independent risk factors for the occurrence of acute adverse reactions to iodine contrast agents(P<0.05).Conclusions  Acute adverse reactions to iodinated contrast agents in CT enhancement are mostly mild.Previous history of  renal insufficiency,history of adverse reactions to iodinated contrast agents,history of drug allergies,other allergic histories,and high injection speed of iodinated contrast agents may be influencing factors for the occurrence of adverse  reactions to iodinated contrast agents.
论著

晚期早产儿中小于胎龄儿的铁代谢状态分析

Analysis of iron metabolism status of small for gestational age among late preterm infants

:782-786
 
       目的  探讨晚期早产儿中小于胎龄儿(SGA)与适于胎龄儿(AGA)出生时的铁代谢状态。方法 取2020年1—12月合肥市妇幼保健院收治的150例晚期早产儿(胎龄34~36+6周)作为研究对象。按照出生体质量和胎龄将早产儿分为SGA组(36例)和AGA组(114例),分析比较两组早产儿出生时的铁代谢状态,并应用多因素线性回归分析血清铁的影响因素。结果  与AGA组相比,SGA婴儿的更低的血清铁[14.5 μmol /L (11.4,17.1) vs 16.4 μmol /L(14.1,18.4),P=0.004]、更低的血清铁蛋白[135.6 μg/L(101.8,176.2) vs 172.5 μg/L(123.0,218.3),P=0.009]和更低的总铁结合力[30.4 μmol/L(26.8,34.9)vs 35.4 μmol/L(29.5,44.6),P=0.001]。两组早产儿的血红蛋白、平均红细胞体积、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在早产儿围生期特征中,胎盘异常(β= –1.949,P=0.009)和母亲糖尿病的发生(β= –2.324,P=0.001)与血清铁水平呈负相关。结论  与早产AGA相比,早产SGA铁储备水平较低,适量补充铁元素对小于胎龄新生儿身体发育有促进作用。
      Objective   To explore the iron metabolism status in late preterm infants who are small for gestational age(SGA)compared to those appropriate for gestational age(AGA)at birth.Methods   A total of 150 late preterm infants(gestational age 34 to 36+6 weeks)admitted to the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hefei from January to December 2020 were selected as the study subjects.The preterm infants were divided into the SGA group(36 cases)and the AGA group(114 cases)according to birth weight and gestational age.The iron metabolism status at birth was analyzed and compared between the two groups of preterm infants,and multiple linear regression analysis was applied to identify the influencing factors of serum iron.Results   Compared with the AGA group,SGA infants had lower serum iron(14.5[11.4,17.1] vs 16.4 [14.1,18.4],P=0.004),lower serum iron protein(135.6[101.8,176.2] vs 172.5[123.0,218.3],P=0.009),and lower total iron binding capacity(30.4[26.8,34.9] vs35.4[29.5,44.6]P=0.001).There were no statistically significant differences in hemoglobin,mean corpuscular volume,mean corpuscular hemoglobin,and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration between the two groups of preterm infants(P>0.05).Among the perinatal characteristics of preterm infants,placental abnormalities(β= –1.949,P=0.009)and the occurrence of maternal diabetes(β= –2.324,P=0.001)were significantly negatively correlated with serum iron levels.Conclusions  Compared with preterm infants appropriate for gestational age,preterm infants who are small for gestational age have lower iron reserves at birth.Adequate supplementation of iron has a promoting effect on the physical development of small for gestational age newborns.
论著

功能性经口摄食分级的吞咽管理对高龄吞咽障碍患者的应用效果

Application effect of Functional Oral Intake Scale swallowing management on elderly patients with swallowing disorders

:775-781
 
       目的  探讨功能性经口摄食分级的吞咽管理对高龄吞咽障碍患者的应用效果。方法  选取2022年5月—2024年5月暨南大学附属广州市红十字会医院收治的80例高龄吞咽障碍患者作为研究对象,应用随机数字表法将其分为观察组与对照组,各40例。对照组患者实施常规干预,观察组实施功能性经口摄食分级的吞咽管理干预,对比两组患者干预效果、干预前后的吞咽功能与营养状况、吞咽障碍相关并发症发生率,以及干预前后两组生活质量变化。结果  观察组总有效率为92.50%,高于对照组的72.50%(χ 2 =5.541,P=0.019);两组干预后综合性营养评估法(SGA)、进食评估问卷调查工具-10(EAT-10)评分均降低,且观察组[(6.62±1.24)(15.26±3.42)分]低于对照组[(10.85±2.32)(23.51±4.37)分],对比差异有统计学意义(t分别为10.170、9.403,P<0.05);观察组吞咽障碍相关并发症发生率17.50%低于对照组42.50%(χ 2 =5.952,P=0.015);两组干预后生活质量综合评定量表(GQOLI-74)相关维度物质评分均升高,且观察组患者GQOLI-74相关维度物质生活(16.62±2.24)、心理功能(18.26±4.42)分、社会功能(21.62±3.66)分、躯体功能(23.26±4.37)分均高于对照组[(13.25±3.32)(13.51±2.37)(15.26±2.35)(16.62±3.73)]分,对比差异有统计学意义(t分别为5.322、5.990、9.248、7.309,P<0.05)。结论  功能性经口摄食分级的吞咽管理对高龄吞咽障碍患者干预效果显著,且可提升其吞咽功能,改善营养状况,同时可辅助降低吞咽障碍相关并发症发生率,提高患者生活质量。
       Objective  To explore the application effect of Functional Oral Intake Scale(FOIS)swallowing management on elderly patients with swallowing disorders.Methods  A total of 80 elderly patients with dysphagia admitted to the Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University from May 2022 to May 2024 were selected as research subjects.They were divided into an observation group and a control group,with 40 cases in each group,using a random number table method.The control group received routine intervention,while the observation group received FOIS swallowing management intervention.The intervention effects were compared between the two groups,including pre and post intervention,swallowing function and nutritional status,incidence of swallowing related complications,and changes in quality of life before and after the intervention.Results  The total effective rate of the observation group was 92.50%,which was higher than the 72.50% of control group(χ 2 =5.541,P=0.019).After the intervention,the comprehensive nutrition assessment(SGA)and the feeding assessment instrument-10(EAT-10)were decreased,and the observation group ([6.62±1.24]and[15.26±3.42]) were lower than the control group ([10.85±2.32]and[23.51±4.37]),and the comparative difference was statistically significant(t=10.170,9.403,P<0.05).The incidence of complications related to swallowing disorders in the observation group was 17.50%,lower than that in the control group was 42.50%(χ 2 =5.952,P=0.015).After intervention,the scores of GQOLI-74 related dimensions were increased in both groups.In addition,GQOLI-74 related dimensions of material life(16.62±2.24)scores,psychological function(18.26±4.42)scores,social function(21.62±3.66)scores,physical function(23.26±4.37)scores in observation group were higher than those in control group ([13.25±3.32],[13.51±2.37],[15.26±2.35],[16.62±3.73]),and the difference was statistically significant(t=5.322,5.990,9.248,7.309,P<0.05).Conclusions  The swallowing management of FOIS has a significant intervention effect on elderly patients with swallowing disorders,and can improve their swallowing function,nutritional status,and assist in reducing the incidence of swallowing disorder related complications,thereby improving the quality of life of patients.
论著

心脏瓣膜置换术后患者异常出血的判断与处理

Diagnosis and management of abnormal bleeding in patients after heart valve replacement surgery

:754-759
 
      目的  探讨心脏瓣膜置换术后患者异常出血的判断与处理。方法  选取2020年1月—2024年5月广州医科大学附属第一医院收治的30例心脏瓣膜置换术后异常出血的患者,将其纳入观察组,另选取同期收治的200例心脏瓣膜置换术后未出现异常出血的患者为对照组。对比两组患者预后情况和两组患者舒张压、收缩压、心率、术后3 h内引流量相关异常出血判断相关指标情况。采用Logistics回归模型分析心脏瓣膜置换术后患者异常出血的影响因素。结果   观察组住院时间、左心室射血分数(LVEF)水平高于对照组,左室舒张末期内径低于对照组,且观察组术后感染、心律失常、低心排综合征发生率高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后舒张压、收缩压、心率及术后3 h内引流量高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组与对照组患者吸烟史、合并糖尿病、抗凝依从性比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);吸烟史、抗凝依从性为心脏瓣膜置换术后患者异常出血的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论  心脏瓣膜置换术后患者异常出血的发生可严重影响患者预后水平,增加患者并发症发生率,影响心功能恢复,通过舒张压、收缩压、心率及术后3 h内引流量可为异常出血的判断提供参考意见。另外,吸烟史、抗凝依从性为心脏瓣膜置换术后患者异常出血的独立影响因素,因此对异常出血患者进行常规治疗的同时要密切监测患者危险因素,实施科学的护理干预,改善患者抗凝依从性,降低异常出血发生率。
       Objective  To explore the  diagnosis and management of abnormal  bleeding in  patients after  heart valve replacement surgery.Methods  Thirty patients with abnormal bleeding after heart valve  replacement surgery admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2020 to May 2024 were  retrospectively analyzed and divided into an observation group.In addition,200 patients who did not experience abnormal bleeding after heart valve  replacement surgery admitted during the same period were selected as the control group.Prognosis of two groups of patients were compared,and the related indicators of diastolic blood pressure,systolic blood pressure,heart rate,and abnormal bleeding  related to drainage flow within 3 hours after surgery were evaluated.Finally,the logistic  regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of abnormal bleeding in patients after heart valve replacement.Results  The length of hospital stay and left ventricular ejection fractionin the observation group were higher than those in the control group,and the left ventricular end diastolic diameter was lower in the observation group than in the control group,and the incidence of postoperative infection,arrhythmia,and low cardiac output syndrome was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The postoperative diastolic blood pressure,systolic blood pressure,heart rate,and drainage volume within 3 hours in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The smoking history,diabetes,and anticoagulation compliance were different between the observation and control groups(P<0.05).A history of smoking and adherence to anticoagulation were independent influencing factors for abnormal bleeding in patients after heart valve replacement(P<0.05).Conclusions  The occurrence of abnormal bleeding in patients after heart valve replacement can greartly affect the patient’s prognosis,increase the incidence of complications,and affect cardiac function recovery.Reference opinions can be provided for the diagnosis of abnormal bleeding based on diastolic blood pressure,systolic blood pressure,heart rate,and postoperative drainage volume within three hours.In addition,a history of smoking and adherence to anticoagulation are independent influencing factors for abnormal bleeding in patients after heart valve replacement.Therefore,while routine treatment is performed on patients with abnormal bleeding,close monitoring of patient  risk factors is necessary,scientific nursing interventions should be implemented to improve patient adherence to anticoagulation and reduce the incidence of abnormal bleeding.
综述

胃食管反流病患者自我管理的研究进展

Research progress on self-management in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

:746-753
 
       受现代人们生活、饮食习惯改变、心理压力增加和睡眠质量下降等因素影响,胃食管反流病的发病率逐渐增加,对患者的工作生活和情绪造成了极大的影响。自我管理能够以患者为中心,提高患者在疾病治疗中的参与度,节约医疗资源,被广泛应用在慢性病管理中。而胃食管反流病患者的自我管理仍处于初步发展阶段,缺少科学、系统的评估工具和能够广泛实行的干预流程。文章通过对胃食管反流病患者的自我管理的概念、评估工具、干预方案等方面进行综述, 旨在为胃食管反流病患者自我管理的干预提供参考。
       As modern lifestyles and dietary habits change,psychological stress increases,and sleep quality declines,the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)has been rising.This condition significantly impacts patients' work,daily life,and emotional well-being.Self-management,which centers on patient involvement,enhances participation in disease treatment,conserves medical resources,and is widely used in managing chronic diseases.However,self-management for GERD patients is still in its early stages,lacking scientifically systematic assessment tools and broadly applicable intervention protocols.This study reviews the concepts,assessment tools,and  intervention programs of self-management GERD patients,aiming to provide reference for the intervention of self-management of GERD patients.
医学教育

结核专科教学医院医学生特征及管理对策的分析

Analysis on the characteristics and management strategies of medical students in teaching hospitals specialized in tuberculosis

:717-722
 
       目的   分析结核专科医院医学生特征及管理配合度影响因素,为进一步提升医学生管理配合提供参考。方法   选择在院511名医学生进行基本情况采集及问卷调查,以问卷打卡次数及打卡时间评估医学生的管理配合度,并进一步分析其影响因素。结果   进修生、研究生及实习生的性别构成比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而年龄、专业及学历比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。医学生的学历与管理配合度无关,而不同年龄、性别、类别、专业医学生的管理配合度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论   针对结核病专科医院医学生的类别、专业、年龄等不同特征,调整专科医院教学管理方法并实行相应的管理措施,对加强专科教学医院的医学生管理工作具有一定的价值。
       Objective  To analyze the characteristics and the influencing factors of management cooperation of medical students in tuberculosis specialized hospital,providing  reference for further improving the cooperation of medical  students in management.Methods  Five hundred and eleven medical students were selected in the specialized hospital for basic information collection and questionnaire survey,the management cooperation of medical students were evaluated from the frequency and time of questionnaire check-in,and the influencing factors were further analyzed.Results  According to the classification as continuing education students,graduate students and interns,there was no statistical difference in gender,but there were  differences in age,major,and education degree(P<0.05).Age,gender,type,and major of the students were all  related to management cooperation(P<0.05),while the education degree was not related to it. Conclusions  According to the different characteristics of medical students in tuberculosis specialized hospitals,such as their categories,majors and ages,adjusting the teaching management methods in specialized hospitals and implementing management measures have certain reference value for strengthening the management of medical students in specialized teaching hospitals.
论著

实时图像引导系统对乳腺癌保乳术后放疗摆位误差的影响

Effects of image-guided radiation therapy on radiotherapy positioning error after breast conserving surgery for breast cancer

:656-661
 
       目的   探讨与分析实时图像引导系统对乳腺癌保乳术后放射治疗(放疗)摆位误差的影响。方法   选取安阳市肿瘤医院2021年9月—2023年12月收治的乳腺癌保乳术后108例患者为研究对象,按照随机信封抽签法把108例患者分为实时组54例与对照组54例。两组的放疗观察时间均为3个月,对照组给予热塑体模定位,实时组给予实时图像引导系统定位,记录两组的摆位误差与放疗不良反应发生情况。结果   实时组X轴、Y轴、Z轴方向的配准结果误差发生率分别为1.85%、7.41%、1.85%,均低于对照组的14.81%、22.22%、16.67%(χ 2 =5.939,P=0.015;χ 2 =4.696,P=0.030;χ 2 =7.053,P=0.008)。实时组摆位纠正前X轴、Y轴、Z轴误差大于对照组(t分别为38.888、28.106、50.102,P<0.05),摆位纠正后两组摆位误差对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实时组放疗3个月期间的心脏平均受量、肺脏平均受量均少于对照组(t分别为49.942、13.996,P<0.001)。实时组放疗3个月期间的急性放射性皮肤反应发生率为3.70%,对照组为16.67%,实时组低于对照组(χ 2 =4.960,P<0.05)。结论   实时图像引导系统在乳腺癌保乳术后放疗的应用可减少摆位误差,也能减少患者的心脏平均受量、肺脏平均受量,降低急性放射性皮肤反应发生率。
       Objective  To investigate and analysis the effects of image-guided radiation therapy on the positioning error of radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery for breast cancer.Methods  from September 2021 to December 2023,108 patients with breast cancer after breast conserving surgery in Anyang Cancer Hospital were selected as the study subjects.According to the principle of random envelope drawing,108 patients were divided into the real-time group of 54 patients and the control group of 54 patients.The observation time for radiotherapy in both groups was 3 months.The control group was given thermoplastic phantom positioning,while the real-time group was given image-guided radiation therapy positioning.The positioning errors and incidence of radiotherapy adverse reactions were recorded in both groups.Results  The error rates of registration results in the X-axis,Y-axis,and Z-axis directions of the real-time group were 1.85%,7.41% and 1.85%,respectively,which were significantly lower than the control group(14.81%,22.22% and 16.67%;χ 2 =5.939,P=0.015;χ 2 =4.696,P=0.030;χ 2 =7.053,P=0.008).The errors in the X-axis,Y-axis and Z-axis before the pendulum correction were greater than that in the control group(t=38.888,28.106,50.102,P<0.05),and there were no statistically significant difference in positioning errors compared between the two groups after positioning correction(P>0.05).The average cardiac and lung uptake during the 3-month period of real-time radiotherapy in the group were significantly lower than those in the control group(t=49.942,13.996,P<0.001).The incidence of acute radiation-induced skin reactions during the 3-month period of real-time group radiotherapy was 3.70%,compared to 16.67% in the control group,the real-time group showed a significant decrease(χ 2 =4.960,P=0.026<0.05).Conclusions  The application of image-guided  radiation therapy in radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery for breast cancer can reduce the positioning error,the average cardiac and pulmonary dose,and the incidence of acute radiation skin reaction.
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