论著

节律性听觉刺激对偏瘫患者步行功能的改善

Improvement of walking function in patients with hemiplegia by rhythmic auditory stimulation

:793-797
 
       目的   探讨节律性听觉刺激对偏瘫患者步行功能的改善效果。方法   选择2022年1月—2023年12月河南中医药大学第五临床医学院收治的81例偏瘫患者,使用随机数表法将患者分为两组,对照组41例采取常规康复训练,观察组40例在常规康复训练基础上实施节律性听觉刺激,比较两组康复效果、Fugl-Meyer功能改善评定量表(FMA)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、日常生活自理能力(ADL)、Holden步行能力、“起立-行走”计时测试(TUGT)、步态特征。结果   观察组总有效率为95.00%,高于对照组的75.61%(χ 2 =6.032,P=0.014)。干预后,观察组FMA评分、BBS评分、ADL评分比对照组更高(t=5.564、4.377、4.949,P<0.001)。干预后,观察组Holden步行能力评分比对照组更高,TUGT比对照组更低t=3.953、5.184,P<0.001)。干预后,观察组步长、步频、步速高于对照组(t=5.417、5.514、7.140,P<0.001)。论   偏瘫患者康复训练中实施节律性听觉刺激可提高康复效果,促使肌力改善,恢复正常的上下肢活动功能,提高患者的平衡能力和步行能力。
       Objective  To explore the effect of  rhythmic auditory stimulation on the improvement of walking function in patients with hemiplegia.Methods  A total of 81 patients with hemiplegia admitted to the hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected for the study,and were divided into two groups by random number table method.The control group(41 cases)received routine rehabilitation training,and the observation group(40 cases)received  rhythmic auditory stimulation on the basis of routine rehabilitation training.The rehabilitation effects,Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA),Berg Balance Scale(BBS),Ability of Daily Living(ADL),Holden walking ability,Timed Up and Go Test(TUGT),and gait characteristics were compared between the two groups.Results  The total effective rate of 95.00% in the observation group was significantly higher than 75.61% in the control group(χ 2 =6.032,P=0.014).After treatment,FMA scores,BBS scores and ADL scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(t=5.564,4.377,4.949,P<0.001).After treatment,the observation group had a higher Holden walking ability score and a lower TUGT score than the control group(t=3.953,5.184,P<0.001).After treatment,the step length,step frequency and step speed in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group(t=5.417,5.514,7.140,P<0.001).Conclusions  The implementation of rhythmic auditory stimulation in rehabilitation training of hemiplegia patients can improve the rehabilitation effect,promote the improvement of muscle strength,restore normal activities of upper and lower extremity,improve balance ability and walking ability,which is worth promoting.
论著

CT、MRI 影像学表现对原发性肝细胞癌微血管侵犯的诊断价值

Diagnostic value of CT and MRI imaging manifestations for microvascular invasion in primary hepatocellular carcinoma

:681-688
 
       目的   探讨CT、MRI影像学表现对原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)微血管侵犯(MVI)的诊断价值。方法   选取2018年1月—2024年7月江门市第二人民医院(江门市中心医院蓬江分院)和江门市中心医院120例(共158个病灶)HCC患者,均行上腹部CT、MRI平扫+增强及弥散加权成像(DWI)检查;以术后病理结果为金标准。比较CT、MRI平扫+增强及DWI对HCC MVI诊断效能;分析HCC MVI诊断中CT、MRI平扫+增强及DWI检查与术后病理确诊结果之间的一致性;比较HCC MVI与无HCC MVI患者影像学表现及表观扩散系数(ADC)值。结果    DWI检查对HCC MVI的诊断效能(灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值)均显著性高于CT、MRI平扫+增强(P<0.05);CT、MRI、DWI对原发性肝细胞癌患者微血管侵犯的诊断效能比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在HCC MVI诊断效能中,CT、MRI影像学表现与术后病理确诊结果之间为中度一致性;DWI与术后病理确诊结果之间为高度一致性。HCC MVI患者的强化方式在非边缘动脉期强化、强化包膜、晕状强化、结中结、门脉分支癌栓占比均显著性高于无HCC MVI患者(P<0.05)。在不同b值(400、800、1 000、1 500 s/mm2 )下,HCC MVI患者的ADC值均显著性高于无HCC MVI患者(P<0.05)。结论    CT、MRI平扫+增强及DWI对HCC MVI均具有较好的诊断效能,而MRI诊断结果与病理诊断一致性更佳,尤其DWI图中ADC值可更加精准地判断HCC的患者是否发生微血管侵犯,有助于指导临床医生建立“个体化”精准诊疗策略。
       Objective  To explore the diagnostic value of CT and MRI imaging manifestations for microvascular invasion(MVI)in primary hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods  A total of 120 patients(158 lesions in total)with HCC in the Second People’s Hospital of Jiangmen(Pengjiang Branch of Jiangmen Central Hospital)and Jiangmen Central Hospital were selected from January 2018 to July 2024,all underwent CT and MRI plain + enhanced and diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)of the upper abdomen;postoperative pathology results was used as the diagnostic gold standard.The diagnostic efficacy of CT,MRI plain + enhanced and DWI for HCC MVI was compared.The concordance among CT,MRI plain + enhanced and DWI examinations with postoperative pathological diagnostic findings in the diagnosis of HCC MVI.Imaging manifestations and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values in patients with and without HCC MVI were compared.Results  Diagnostic effectiveness of DWI examination for HCC MVI(sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value,negative predictive value)were all significantly higher than those of CT and MRI plain + enhanced(P<0.05);none of the differences were statistically significant(P>0.05)in the comparison of diagnostic effectiveness of CT,MRI,and DWI for the diagnosis of MVI in patients with primary HCC.In HCC MVI diagnostic effectiveness,moderate concordance was found among CT,MRI imaging phenotypes and postoperative pathology results;high concordance was found between DWI and postoperative pathology results.In HCC MVI patients,the proportion of non-marginal arterial reinforcement,enhanced envelope,halo reinforcement,nodal in nodal and portal branch cancer thrombi was significantly higher than that in patients without HCC MVI(P<0.05).At different b-values(400,800,1 000,1 500 s/mm2 ),ADC values were all significantly higher in patients with HCC MVI than in patients without HCC MVI(P<0.05).Conclusions  CT,MRI plain + enhanced and DWI have good diagnostic effectiveness for HCC MVI,while MRI diagnostic results are in better concordance with pathologic diagnosis.In particular,ADC values in DWI maps can more accurately determine whether MVI occurs in patients with HCC,which helps to guide clinicians to establish“individualized”and precise diagnosis and treatment strategies.
论著

急性脑梗死静脉溶栓决策延迟影响因素

Factors influencing decision delays in intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke

:630-637
 
       目的   探讨影响急性脑梗死患者接受重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗决策延迟的因素,并提出减少溶栓决策时间的建议。方法   采用回顾性分析方法,对泉州市第一医院2023年通过急诊收治的120例急性脑梗死患者及其家属的资料进行分析。根据溶栓决策时间,以5 min为界限,将患者分为非延迟组(62例)和延迟组(58例),并对两组资料进行比较分析。采用SPSS 23.0统计软件分析数据,运用t检验(针对连续变量)和χ 2 检验(针对分类变量)比较组间的差异。此外,通过Logistic回归分析,确定影响急性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓治疗决策的危险因素。结果   对比两组患者数据后发现,籍贯地区、冠心病史、外院转入、发病到入院时间以及决策家属数量比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析进一步揭示,非泉州籍贯地区[OR(95%CI):9.29(2.21~38.97),P=0.002]、决策家属人数≥2人[OR(95%CI):18.73(5.96~58.80),P<0.001]、从外院转入[OR(95%CI):10.26(2.09~50.42),P=0.004]以及发病到入院时间3.0~4.5 h[OR(95%CI):4.09(1.45~11.48),P=0.008]是导致治疗决策延迟的独立危险因素。结论   患者非泉州籍贯地区、外院转入、溶栓决策家属人员≥2个、发病到入院时间3~4.5 h是溶栓决策延误的影响因素,提出优化卒中急诊抢救流程以及通过卒中宣教以缩短溶栓决策时间的建议。
       Objective  To investigate the factors influencing delays in decision-making for intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rt-PA)in patients with acute cerebral infarction and to propose  recommendations for reducing thrombolysis decision-making time.Methods  A  retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 120 patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted to the emergency department at Quanzhou First Hospital in 2023,including information from their families.Patients were divided into non-delay group (62 cases) and delay group (58 cases) based on a 5-minute threshold for thrombolysis decision-making time.Comparative analysis between the two groups was performed using SPSS 23.0 statistical software,with t-tests for continuous variables and χ 2  tests for categorical variables.Logistic  regression analysis was employed to identify  risk factors affecting decision-making for intravenous thrombolysis in these patients.Results  Statistical analysis  revealed significant differences between the two groups in terms of native region,history of coronary heart disease,transfer from other hospitals,time from onset to hospital admission,and number of family members involved in decision-making(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression identified independent risk factors for delayed treatment decisions:non-Quanzhou native region (OR[95%CI]:9.29[2.21-38.97],P=0.002),having two or more decision-making family members (OR[95%CI]:18.73[5.96-58.80],P<0.001),transfer from other hospitals (OR[95%CI]:10.26[2.09-50.42],P=0.004),and a time from onset to hospital admission of 3-4.5 hours (OR[95%CI]:4.09[1.45-11.48],P=0.008).Conclusions  Factors  such as non-Quanzhou native region,transfer from other hospitals,having two or more family members involved in decision-making,and a time from onset to hospital admission of 3-4.5 hours are associated with delays in thrombolysis decision-making.Optimizing the emergency  rescue process for stroke and shortening the thrombolytic decision-making time through stroke education are suggested.
论著

复方黄芪颗粒对小鼠抗疲劳的作用及其机制研究

Study on the anti-fatigue effect of compound Huangqi granules on mice and its mechanism

:509-515
 
       目的   探讨复方黄芪颗粒(CHG)的抗疲劳作用及其机制。方法  48只雄性BALB/C小鼠随机分为空白对照组、低剂量(9.1 g/kg)、中剂量(18.2 g/kg)、高剂量(27.3 g/kg)CHG 3个试验组,每组12只。试验组给予不同剂量的复方黄芪颗粒溶液灌胃,空白对照组小鼠给予等体积生理盐水。给药30 d后,检测小鼠体内相关指标变化,观察其抗疲劳作用并分析相关机制。结果   与空白对照组相比,试验组小鼠体质量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),小鼠力竭游泳时间及转棒耐力时间均明显延长(P<0.01),血尿素氮(BUN)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙二醛(MDA)水平明显降低P<0.01),肝糖原和肌糖原水平升高(P<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性升高(P<0.01)。体外抗氧化试验表明CHG以剂量依赖性方式清除2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基。当CHG质量浓度为100.000 0 mg/mL时,CHG对DPPH自由基清除能力可达85.030 3%。当CHG质量浓度为25.000 0 mg/mL时,CHG对ABTS自由基清除能力可达96.357 2%。结论  CHG具有抗疲劳的作用,其作用机制可能与抗氧化作用相关。
      Objective  To investigate the anti-fatigue effects of compound Huangqi granules(CHG)and its mechanism.Methods  Forty-eight male BALB/C mice were randomly divided into blank control group,9.1,18.2,27.3 g/kg CHG group(test groups).The test groups received different concentrations of CHG solution by gavage,and the blank control group mice were given equal volume saline.After 30 days of administration,the mice were tested,meanwhile the anti-fatigue effect and mechanism were investigated.Results  Compared with blank control group,there was no significant difference in body weight(P>0.05).The exhaustive swimming time and rod turning endurance time of mice were significantly prolonged(P<0.01).The serum levels of blood urea nitrogen,lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde were significantly decreased(P<0.01),while the liver and muscle glycogen levels(P<0.05)and superoxide dismutase activity were increased(P<0.01).In vitro antioxidant tests showed that CHG can remove (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,ABTS) and (2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid,DPPH) free radicals in a dose-dependent manner.When the CHG concentration is 100 mg/mL,the DPPH free  radical scavenging ability of CHG can reach 85.030 3%.When the CHG concentration was 25 mg/mL,the scavenging ability of CHG to ABTS free radicals reached 96.357 2%.Conclusions  CHG has anti-fatigue effect,and its mechanism may be related to anti-oxidation effect.
论著

清醒镇静在急性缺血性脑卒中血管内治疗中的应用效果及预后

Effect of conscious sedation in the application of endovascular treatment and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke

:382-386
 
       目的   探讨清醒镇静应用在急性缺血性脑卒中血管内治疗中的效果。方法   选择2020年1月—2023年3月医院接收的急性缺血性脑卒中患者82例进行研究,按随机数表法分为2组,每组各41例,两组采取溶栓与取栓治疗,对照组采取全身麻醉方式,观察组采取清醒镇静方式,记录两组治疗相关参数,比较两组近期疗效、并发症发生情况及预后。结果   观察组入院到腹股沟穿刺时间(95.52±3.63)min、穿刺至血管再通时间(72.25±5.58)min低于对照组(112.25±4.18)min、(102.45±10.63)min(t=19.349,P<0.05);观察组ICU时间(7.81±2.63)d、住院时间(13.75±3.64)d,与对照组(8.05±2.81)d、(14.52±4.07)d比较差异无统计学意义(t分别为0.524、0.399、0.902,P分别为0.601、0.690、0.369)。观察组近期总有效39例(95.12%)与对照组37例(90.24%)比较差异无统计学意义χ 2 =0.719,P=0.396)。观察组症状性颅内出血3例(7.32%)与对照组6例(14.63%)比较差异无统计学意义(χ 2 =1.123,P=0.289);观察组脑水肿4例(9.76%)、坠积性肺炎12例(29.27%),低于对照组7例(17.07%)、18例(43.90%)(χ 2分别为4.969、6.962,P分别为0.025、0.008)。观察组预后良好21例(51.22%)高于对照组10例(24.39%)(χ 2 =6.275,P=0.012)。结论   急性缺血性脑卒中患者溶栓与取栓治疗中采取清醒镇静方式可获得与全身麻醉相近的疗效,而且可进一步缩短治疗时间,促进血管快速再通,减少相关并发症,使患者获得更好的预后。
       Objective  To investigate the conscious sedation effect of endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke.Methods  A total of 82 patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the hospital from January 2020 to March 2023 were selected and divided into two groups according to the random number table method,with 41 cases in each group.The two groups were treated with thrombolysis and thrombectomy,the control group was treated with general anesthesia,and the observation group was treated with conscious sedation.The short-term efficacy,complications and prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results  The time from admission to groin puncture [(95.52±3.63)min] and time from puncture to vascular  recanalization [(72.25±5.58)min] in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group [(112.25±4.18)min,(102.45±10.63)min](t=19.349,P<0.05).Observation group ICU time,length of hospital stay(7.81+2.63)d(13.75+3.64)d,and the control group(8.05+2.81)d,(14.52-4.07)d  had  no  statistically  significant  difference in comparison(t were 0.524,0.399,0.902,P were 0.601,0.690,0.369).Recent total effective cases observation in group was 39(95.12%)and control group was 37(90.24%),there was no statistically significant difference comparing(χ 2 =0.719,P=0.396).Observation group had symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in three patients(7.32%)and control group had six cases(14.63%),there was no statistically significant difference(χ 2 =1.123,P=0.289).There were four cases(9.76%)of brain edema and 12 cases(29.27%)of hypostatic pneumonia in the observation group,which were significantly lower than seven cases(17.07%)and 18 cases(43.90%)in the control group(χ 2 =4.969,6.962,P=0.025,0.008).The number of patients with good prognosis in the observation group(21 cases,51.22%)was significantly higher than that in the control group(10 cases,24.39%)χ 2 =6.275,P=0.012).Conclusions In the treatment of acute ischemic stroke patients with thrombolysis and thrombectomy,conscious sedation can achieve the same efficacy as general anesthesia,and can further shorten the treatment time,promote  rapid recanalization of blood vessels and reduce related complications,so that patients can get a better prognosis.
论著

经颅微电流刺激联合自我穴位按摩在 2 型糖尿病患者睡眠障碍中的应用

Application of transcranial microcurrent stimulation combined with self-acupoint massage in patients with sleep disorders of type 2 diabetes mellitus

:187-191
 
      目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)睡眠障碍患者使用经颅微电流刺激(CES)联合自我穴位按摩干预的效果。方法 使用随机数表法将南昌大学第二附属医院2022年6月—2023年1月收治的T2DM合并睡眠障碍患者100例分为两组,每组各50例。对照组采用CES干预,基于此,观察组加用自我穴位按摩,比较两组临床疗效、睡眠质量及血糖水平。结果 与对照组干预总有效率80.00%(40/50)比较,观察组干预总有效率96.00%(48/50)更高(χ 2 =6.061,P=0.014);两组干预后匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)中入睡时间、睡眠效率、催眠药物、睡眠障碍、睡眠时间、主观睡眠质量、日间功能障碍及总分均降低,且观察组[(0.95±0.28)分、(1.05±0.24)分、(0.55±0.14)分、(0.67±0.20)分、(0.92±0.21)分、(0.82±0.20)分、(0.65±0.18)分、(5.61±1.10)分]均低于对照组[(1.42±0.33)分、(1.30±0.33)分、(1.40±0.26)分、(1.14±0.27)分、(1.31±0.30)分、(1.32±0.37)分、(1.22±0.27)分、(9.11±1.26)分](t=7.679、4.332、20.354、9.891、7.531、8.406、12.421、14.797,均P<0.001);两组干预后餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)及空腹血糖(FBG)水平均降低,且观察组2 hPG[(6.14±0.68)mmol/L]、HbA1c[(3.45±0.37)%]、FBG[(5.52±0.48)mmol/L]低于对照组[(7.12±1.25)mmol/L、(4.30±0.34)%、(6.58±0.67)mmol/L](t=4.870、11.961、9.094,均P<0.001)。结论 对T2DM合并睡眠障碍患者使用CES联合自我穴位按摩干预效果满意,可有效提高患者的睡眠质量,调节血糖水平。
护理研究

基于微视频的护理干预对急性胰腺炎患者疾病知晓、自我管理和遵医行为的影响

The impact of micro video based nursing interventions on disease awareness,self-management and compliance behavior in patients with acute pancreatitis

:125-130
 
       目的   探讨基于微视频的护理干预对急性胰腺炎患者疾病知晓、自我管理和遵医行为的影响。方法   根据中心随机法将郑州大学第二附属医院2021年1月—2023年1月收治的88例急性胰腺炎患者作为研究对象,其中传统组44例给予常规干预,微视频组44例在传统组的基础上结合微视频的护理干预,比较两组患者疾病知晓情况、自我管理能力和遵医行为情况。结果   干预2个月后,微视频组病例脱落3例,传统组病例脱落4例,两组疾病知晓各维度高于干预前,且微视频组高于传统组,其中疾病病因(t=3.151,P=0.003)、临床症状(t=7.165,P<0.001)、并发症(t=5.497,P<0.001)、如何预防疾病复发(t=8.195,P<0.001);两组自我护理能力量表(ESCA)各维度评分高于干预前,且微视频组高于传统组,其中各维度评分结果为自我护理技能(t=2.787,P=0.007)、自我概念(t=2.272,P=0.026)、自护责任感(t=2.644,P=0.011)、健康知识水平(t=3.321,P=0.001);两组遵医行为各维度评分高于干预前,且微视频组高于传统组,其中各维度评分结果为饮食依从性(t=6.271,P<0.001)、用药依从性(t=3.539,P=0.001)、锻炼依从性(t=4.469,P<0.001)、定期复查(t=2.764,P=0.007)。结论   通过运用微视频的护理干预能够提高急性胰腺炎患者疾病知识的掌握,促进机体自我管理水平的恢复,进而提高遵医行为。
       Objective  To explore the impact of micro video based nursing interventions on disease awareness,self-management and compliance behavior in patients with acute pancreatitis.Methods  According to the central randomization method,88 patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected as the research subjects.Among them,44 patients in the traditional group received routine intervention,and 44 patients in the micro video group received nursing intervention combined with micro video on the basis of the traditional group.The disease awareness,self-management ability and compliance behavior of the two groups of patients were compared.Results  After two months of intervention,three cases were dropped out in the micro video group and four cases were dropped out in the traditional group.The disease awareness in both groups was higher than that before intervention,and the micro video group was higher than the traditional group,including disease etiology(t=3.151,P=0.003),clinical symptoms(t=7.165,P<0.001),complicationst=5.497,P<0.001) and how to prevent disease recurrence(t=8.195,P<0.001).The scores of ESCA in both groups were significantly higher than those before intervention,and the micro video group was higher than the traditional group in terms of self-care skills(t=2.787,P=0.007),self-concept(t=2.272,P=0.026),self-care responsibility(t=2.644,P=0.011) and health knowledge level(t=3.321,P=0.001).The scores of all dimensions of compliance behavior in both groups were significantly higher than those before intervention,and the micro video group had higher scores than the traditional group in terms of dietary compliancet=6.271,P<0.001),medication compliance(t=3.539,P=0.001),exercise compliance(t=4.469,P<0.001) and  regular follow-up(t=2.764,P=0.001).Conclusions  The use of micro video nursing interventions can improve the mastery of disease knowledge in patients with acute pancreatitis,promote the recovery of the body’s self-management level,and thereby improvemedical compliance behavior.
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