近年来, 药物递送系统在肿瘤靶向治疗领域取得了显著进展, 已有多种递药系统获批临床应用。其中, 纳米药物因其能够减少传统小分子化疗药物的毒副作用、提高药物生物利用度,并通过增强通透性与滞留效应（EPR效应）实现肿瘤的被动靶向, 从而显著提升治疗效果, 受到广泛关注。尤其是具备尺寸可调、肿瘤特异性聚集、刺激响应性崩解及形貌转变等多功能的智能可变形纳米载体, 已成为当前纳米递药载体研究的热点。这类载体能够感应肿瘤微环境中的特定刺激信号（如酸性pH值、过氧化还原状态、酶活性或过表达细胞因子）, 实现包括尺寸调控、聚集组装、结构崩解与形态重构等在内的多种动态变形行为, 从而提升药物在肿瘤部位的滞留时间、渗透深度及控释能力, 最终获得更优的抗肿瘤疗效。例如在肿瘤组织中实现纳米载体尺寸缩小可增强药物的组织穿透力; 纳米粒子聚集变大会延长药物在病灶处的滞留时间; 而快速响应性崩解则有助于药物在肿瘤局部实现高效释放。这些智能变形策略为纳米药物递送系统提供了更高的治疗可控性与精准性。基于其多样化的响应特性和结构可塑性, 智能变形纳米载体在推动抗肿瘤药物的个体化治疗及联合疗法应用方面展现出巨大潜力。本文综述了近年来基于智能变形纳米载体增强抗肿瘤效果的研究进展,系统梳理了其设计策略, 并深入探讨了其在肿瘤精准治疗中的应用前景。

In recent years, drug delivery systems have made remarkable progress in the field of tumor-targeted therapy, with several platforms already approved for clinical use．Among them, nanomedicines have attracted considerable attention due to their ability to mitigate the side effects of conventional small-molecule chemotherapeutics, improve bioavailability, and passively accumulate at tumor sites via the enhanced permeability and retention（EPR）effect, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy．Of particular interest are stimuli-responsive, shape-transformable nanocarriers, which exhibit unique properties such as tunable size, tumor-specific accumulation, and structural adaptability in response to tumor-associated cues．These intelligent deformable nanocarriers are capable of undergoing various dynamic transformations—including aggregation, disassembly, size modulation, and morphological transitions—triggered by specific stimuli in the tumor microenvironment（TME）, such as pH, redox potential,enzymes,or cytokines．Such transformations enhance drug retention at tumor sites, improve intratumoral penetration, and enable spatiotemporally controlled drug release, ultimately resulting in superior antitumor efficacy．For instance, nanosystems that shrink in size at tumor sites can promote deeper tissue penetration, while those that aggregate into larger assemblies can prolong local drug retention．Conversely, carriers that disassemble rapidly under tumor-specific stimuli allow for burst release of the encapsulated payload precisely at the disease site．These adaptive features hold great promise for improving the therapeutic performance of nanomedicines. Furthermore, the multifunctionality of intelligent deformable nanocarriers supports the development of personalized treatment regimens and combination therapies, offering novel strategies for cancer management．This review highlights recent advances in the design and application of shape-transformable nanocarriers for enhanced anticancer drug delivery, summarizing design principles and exploring their emerging potential in precision oncology.

大蒜为百合科葱属植物的地下鳞茎,具有药食两用的价值,其含有大蒜素、二烯丙基硫醚、二烯丙基二硫醚、二烯丙基三硫醚、 硫-烯丙基半胱氨酸等多种生物活性成分,具有抗氧化、抗感染、免疫调节、心血管保护、抗癌等作用。不仅如此,大蒜在糖脂代谢的调节中功效显著,且相关机制日益明晰,主要包括保护胰岛β细胞功能、改善胰岛素抵抗、阻止脂肪细胞生长、抑制脂合成代谢及调节肠道菌群分布等。不同的提取工艺可影响大蒜的功效,其提取手段及药效关系值得进一步研究。

Garlic has values of both medicine and food,with rich allicin,diallyl disulfide（DADS）,diallyl trisulfide（DATS）and other garlic sulfur contents,which have been found to have multiple effets such as antioxidant,anti-infection,immunomodulatory,cardiovascular protection,anti-cancer,etc．Moreover,numerous studies have demonstrated that garlic plays an important role in the regulation of glycose and lipid metabolism,and the relevant mechanisms are becoming better understood,including protecting pancreatic β cells,improving insulin resistance,preventing the growth of fat cells,inhibiting lipid anabolism and adjusting the distribution of intestinal microflora．Different extraction processes can affect the efficacy of garlic,and further investigations are needed to elucidate the relationship between effective extraction methods and pharmacodynamic properties．

肥胖是一种以慢性低度炎症为特征的进展性疾病,与多种代谢性疾病的发生、发展密切相关。脂肪组织作为一种内分泌和免疫器官,可分泌多种生物活性物质及炎症因子,参与肥胖患者体内的代谢过程。减重手术是治疗病态性肥胖及相关代谢性疾病的有效方法之一,能够调节机体内的炎症反应、有效改善代谢状态。但减重手术对于炎症因子的作用如何,目前国内外的文献证据仍有争议。本文将系统阐述肥胖与代谢性炎症的关系以及减重手术对炎症因子的影响,旨在为肥胖代谢外科的诊疗过程提供参考。

Obesity is a progressive disease characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation,which is closely related to the occurrence and development of a variety of metabolic diseases．As an endocrine and immune organ,adipose tissue can secrete a variety of bioactive substances and inflammatory factors,which participate in the metabolic process of obese patients．Bariatric surgery is one of the effective methods for the treatment of morbid obesity and related metabolic diseases,which can regulate the inflammatory response in the machine and effectively improve the metabolic state．However,the effect of bariatric surgery on inflammatory factors is still controversial at home and abroad．This article will systematically explain the relationship between obesity and metabolic inflammation and the effect of bariatric surgery on inflammatory factors,aiming to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment process of bariatric surgery．

全膝关节置换术（TKA）是目前治疗终末期膝关节疾病的首选方法,它能够缓解疼痛、改善畸形、恢复力线、增加膝关节活动度及提高患者生活质量。目前,关于胫骨假体旋转对线的方法很多,主要包括胫骨结节、胫骨前后轴、胫骨前皮质、自我形合技术、计算机辅助导航技术、个性化截骨技术等,它们各有优缺点,但在临床上并没有达成共识。该文主要对胫骨近端的解剖学特点和TKA中胫骨假体旋转定位的方法等方面进行综述。旨在为临床骨科医生在行TKA时,选择合适的胫骨假体旋转对线方法提供一些参考。

Total knee replacement（TKA） is currently the preferred treatment for end-stage knee disease,and it can relieve pain,improve deformity,restore strength lines,increase knee range of motion,and improve patients’ quality of life．At present,there are many methods for the rotation of alignment of tibial prosthesis,mainly including tibial tubercles,tibial anteroposterior axes,anterior tibial cortex,self-morphing technology,computer-aided navigation technology,personalized osteotomy technology,etc．Each of the methods above has its advantages and disadvantages,but there is no clinical consensus at present．This article mainly reviews the anatomical characteristics of the proximal tibia and the method of rotational positioning of tibial prosthesis in TKA,which aims to provide some reference for clinical orthopedic surgeons to select the appropriate tibial prosthesis rotation alignment method when performing TKA．

运动捕捉技术已经广泛应用于步态分析、运动康复、动作对比、技战术分析、生物运动力学分析、损伤防护、运动装备设计研发等领域,实现了人机交互的全新体验。而步行是人类运动中最基础的动作,在生物力学研究上对异常步态进行分析能够有效改善患者治疗和康复的效果。本文总结了运动捕捉技术在各种异常步态分析中的应用,并对其优缺点进行了总结与展望。检索PubMed、Embase、EBSCO、Web of Science、中国知网,收集2018年1月至2023年12月公开发表的有关有标记运动捕捉及无标记运动捕捉在异常步态的相关研究,进行系统综述。最终纳入了22篇英文文献,这些文献主要集中在神经科学、生物医学工程和临床医学等领域,特别是在步态分析、运动捕捉技术、神经病理学和康复医学等方面的应用。这些研究为我们理解和改善各种神经系统疾病,如帕金森病、多发性硬化症和脑卒中以及骨关节炎等疾病的步态提供了宝贵的见解。利用运动捕捉来进行异常步态分析能有效地给患者提供准确的康复治疗,将结果用于临床诊断、康复规划或研究目的。异常步态分析在评估肌肉骨骼状况、神经系统疾病或干预措施的有效性方面具有重要价值。

Motion capture technology has been widely used in the fields of gait analysis,sports rehabilitation,action comparison,technical and tactical analysis,biomotor mechanics analysis,injury protection,sports equipment design and development,etc.,which realizes a brand-new experience of human-computer interaction．While walking is the most basic action in human movement,the analysis of abnormal gait on biomechanical research can effectively improve the effect of patient treatment and rehabilitation．This paper summarizes the application of motion capture technology in the analysis of various abnormal gaits,and summarizes and prospects its advantages and disadvantages．PubMed,Embase,EBSCO,Web of Science and China Knowledge Network were searched to collect related studies,openly published from January 2018 to December 2023,about labeled motion capture and unlabeled motion capture in abnormal gait for systematic review．Twenty-two English-language papers were finally included,which focused on the fields of neuroscience,biomedical engineering and clinical medicine,especially in the applications of gait analysis,motion capture technology,neuropathology and rehabilitation medicine．These studies provide valuable insights into understanding and improving gait in various neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis and stroke and osteoarthritis．The use of motion capture for abnormal gait analysis can be effective in providing accurate rehabilitation to patients,using the results for clinical diagnosis,rehabilitation planning,or research purposes．Abnormal gait analysis is valuable in assessing musculoskeletal conditions,neurological disorders,or the effectiveness of interventions．

腹腔镜手术后除躯体创伤疼痛,部分患者还可能经历痛苦的术后内脏痛,不仅使患者术后体验不佳,疼痛应激甚至可能加重机体的内环境紊乱,不利于患者的术后康复。内脏痛是来源于内脏器官和组织的疼痛,其产生与脏器的平滑肌痉挛、扩张、缺血、化学炎症刺激等密切相关。在这个过程中,许多离子通道和受体在调节内脏伤害性刺激信号的传导上发挥作用。目前,临床上术后镇痛治疗方案多样,但如何针对性地控制术后内脏痛是临床医生需要面对和解决的问题。为此,该文对腹腔镜术后内脏痛发生的相关机制、内脏感觉的神经传导及临床特征、治疗进展进行综述。

In addition to physical trauma,patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery may also experience postoperative visceral pain．This pain not only impacts the patient's postoperative experience,but can also worsen the body's internal environment and hinder recovery．Visceral pain originates from internal organs and tissues．It is closely related to smooth muscle spasms,dilations,ischemia,and chemical inflammatory stimulation of organs．In this process,numerous ion channels and receptors regulate the transmission of visceral nociceptive stimulus signals．At present,there are multiple clinical treatment options available for postoperative pain management．However,clinicians must overcome the challenge of controlling postoperative visceral pain．This article provides a review of the relevant mechanisms of visceral pain following laparoscopic surgery,the neural conduction of visceral sensation,clinical characteristics and treatment advancements．

Wnt/β-catenin信号通路是一种在胚胎发育,细胞增殖分化、迁移,干细胞更新等中起关键作用的蛋白质家族。Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的失调常常会导致各种严重的疾病,例如肿瘤、心脏疾病、肺部疾病、肝脏疾病、骨骼疾病、神经疾病等。大量研究表明,Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在心肌纤维化发病机制中起重要作用,本文结合最新研究成果,从心肌纤维化相关疾病的角度对Wnt/β-catenin通路进行综述,为预防心肌纤维化提供新的思路,进一步达到防治心血管疾病的目的。

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a family of proteins that play a key role in embryonic development,cell proliferation and differentiation,migration,stem cell renewal,etc．Dysfunctions of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway often lead to various serious diseases,such as tumor,heart,lung,liver,bone and neurological diseases,etc．Numerous studies have shown that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis．This article,in combination with the latest research findings,presents a review of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway from the perspective of myocardial fibrosis-related diseases,in order to provide new ideas for preventing myocardial fibrosis and achieving the goal of combating cardiovascular disease．

通过筛查和早期发现,可以降低结直肠癌（CRC）的发病率,有效切除肿瘤病变可以降低CRC的病死率。虽然对CRC的危险因素、发病机制和前体病变的了解已经取得进展,但最近年轻人群CRC发病率升高,原因尚不清楚。在过去十年中,出现了多种侵入性、半侵入性和非侵入性筛查方式。目前对结肠镜检查质量的重视提高了筛查的有效性,人工智能等影像新技术在肿瘤检测中的作用正在迅速显现。而且,CRC有效干预措施,如保肛治疗新术式、靶向治疗及免疫治疗领域的新进展,被证明可以提高CRC患者的生存率。该文旨在总结目前国内外CRC筛查方式和指南的证据,并综述CRC治疗领域的进展。

The incidence of colorectal cancer（CRC）can be reduced through screening and early detection．Effective resection of tumor lesions reduces mortality from CRC．Although progress has been made in understanding the risk factors,pathogenesis and precursor lesions of CRC,the reasons for the recent increase in the incidence of CRC in young adults are largely unknown．A variety of invasive,semi-invasive and non-invasive screening modalities have emerged in the last decade．The current emphasis on the quality of colonoscopy has improved the effectiveness of screening,and the role of new imaging technologies such as artificial intelligence in tumor detection is rapidly emerging．Moreover,there are effective interventions for CRC,such as new surgical modalities for anal preservation therapy,and new advances in the field of targeted therapy and immunotherapy,which have been shown to improve the survival rate of CRC．The aim of this article is to summarize the current evidence on CRC screening modalities and guidelines both nationally and internationally,and to provide an overview of advances in the field of CRC treatment．

腺苷至肌苷RNA编辑（AIRE）是指转录前体RNA在腺苷酸脱氨酶的作用下,某些位点的腺苷发生脱氨反应转变成肌苷的过程,在碱基配对时,肌苷被识别作鸟苷,导致转录组重编写。随着高通量测序技术的不断进步,大量异常的AIRE被发现可导致氨基酸编码改变、RNA剪切异常以及microRNA-mRNA重定向等过程,从而参与肿瘤的发生发展。绝大部分的AIRE位点均位于基因非编码区,解析它们的生物学功能仍存在一定的挑战。本综述旨在描述AIRE的生物学机制和AIRE位点在不同肿瘤发生发展作用的进展,为AIRE与肿瘤的研究提供思路。

Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing（AIRE）is catalysed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA（ADARs）,which converts adenosine to inosine in nascent RNA．Since inosine is recognized as guanosine in post-transcriptional process,AIRE is functionally approximate to an A-to-G mutation and results in transcriptome recoding．With the continuous advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology,a large number of abnormal AIRE events have been found to exert different biological mechanisms such as amino acid changes,RNA splicing abnormalities and microRNA-mRNA redirection,which plays an important role in the development of human tumorigenesis．Most of AIRE sites are located in non-coding region,which brings challenges in analyzing their biological functions．This review aims to describe the biological mechanisms of AIRE and the relationship between AIRE sites and the development of different tumor types,providing ideas for the study of AIRE and tumors．

阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer's disease,AD）是一种复杂的、起病隐秘的、病因不明的、缺乏特异性诊断方式的神经退行性病变。面对与日俱增的患病率,却缺乏有效的治疗方式。中医药治疗方式具有多层次、多靶点、多通路的独特优势,中西医结合方式的互补,非药物疗法的辅助,干细胞疗法、新的分子药物、抗体及蛋白疫苗、γ感官刺激等新颖的实验阶段新疗法等方式治疗AD。本文综述近年来的不同治疗方式治疗AD研究新进展,旨在为临床上治疗AD提供新思路、新方法及参考价值。

Alzheimer's disease is a complex,secrectly onset neurodegenerative disease with unknown etiology,and lacking of specific diagnosis．In the face of the increasing prevalence,there is a lack of effective treatment ways．The treatment of traditional Chinese medicine has the unique advantages of multi-level,multi-target,and multi-channel．With the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine and supplement to non-drug therapy,stem cell therapy,new molecular drugs,antibodies and protein vaccines,γ sensory stimulation,and other novel experimental stage new therapies are uesd in the treatment of AD．The article focuses on the new progress of different treatment methods in the treatment of AD in recent years,aiming to provide new ideas,new methods,and reference value for the clinical treatment of Alzheimer's disease．