综述

AKI预警标志物的研究进展

Research progress of AKI early warning markers

:97-100
 
急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)是由各种因素导致的临床综合征,尽管科学在发展,发病率、死亡率一直居高不下,并且严重影响患者的预后,这主要是由于对肾脏损伤的早期诊断缺乏敏感的、特异性的指标,使得患者错过了最佳的治疗窗口。研究发现在AKI的早期给予干预,能够明显提高患者的预后,达到满意的治疗效果。所以AKI的早期诊断是提高患者的生活质量的关键措施,期间出现了一系列AKI 的早期分子标志物,包括NGAL、IL-18、miRNA、KIM-1、NAG、L-FABP、TIMP-1、IGFBP-7、TFF-3、GST-π、MYL12B等。本文就这些AKI分子标志物进行总结,阐述这些分子标志物在AKI 诊断及预后预测中的价值,以便于及早制定有针对性的 AKI 治疗及护理策略,使早期诊断、早期干预 AKI 成为可能。
综述
综述

冠状动脉结扎法制作大鼠心梗模型研究进展

Research progress of making myocardial infarction rat model by coronary artery ligation

:93-95
 
心肌梗死模型在心肌梗死病理发生机制、新药研发研究中占有重要地位。目前冠状动脉结扎法制作大鼠心肌梗死模型,模型稳定,操作简单,造价便宜,效果可靠,为最主要的心肌梗死造模方法,制作方法及具体操作中存在各自的优势和不足,影响着模型的进一步推广,有待继续进行改进和深入研究。
综述

IL_33及其受体ST2与动脉粥样硬化的研究进展

Research progress on role of the interleukin-33 and ST2 in atherosclerosis

:95-96
 
近年来的研究已经报道证实了白细胞介素-33(IL-33)及其受体ST2可以保护心衰病人因机械应力过度牵拉所导致的心肌细胞肥大、心肌纤维化的发生以及可溶性ST2受体可作为潜在的心脏机械超负荷生物标志物。而对IL-33与受体ST2在动脉粥样硬化过程中发挥的作用少有涉及。本文主要探讨的是IL-33和ST2对抑制Th1/Th2漂移从而影响到动脉粥样硬化的进展以及血浆中可溶性ST2受体蛋白升高的意义。
Recent study has reported that interleukin-33(IL-33) and its receptor ST2 could prevent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and exaggerated interstitial fibrosis which is because of the over harmful biomechanical force in patients with heart failure and soluble ST2 receptors is the potential biomarker of cardiac biomechanical overload. But few studies mentioned the sort of IL-33/ST2 complex plays a role in atherosclerosis. The purpose of this article is to explore the IL-33 and ST2 could reduce a Th1/Th2 shift. Consequently, it may improve the development of atherosclerosis and significance of soluble ST2 receptor increased in plasma.
临床诊疗

进展性脑梗塞与超敏C反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原、血清胱抑素C的相关性研究

Relevant Research of Progressivity Cerebral Infarction and High Sensitivity C reactive Protein, Fibrinogen and Serum Cys

:66-67
 
目的 研究进展性脑梗塞与超敏 C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、血清胱抑素C(CysC)的相关性。方法 选择82例脑梗塞患者作为观察组,根据患者临床表现分为进展性脑梗塞组和非进展性脑梗塞组,另选择70例非脑血管病患者作为对照组;分别检测血清hs-CRP和FIB、CysC水平。结果 观察组患者血清hs-CRP和FIB、CysC含量较对照组升高(P<0.01);进展性脑梗塞组血清hs-CRP和FIB、CysC含量高于非进展性脑梗塞组(P<0.05)。经Spearman 相关分析发现,进展性脑梗塞组的血清hs-CRP、FIB、CysC水平与美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评定的神经功能缺损评分呈正相关。结论 血清hs-CRP、FIB、CysC水平检测有助于进展性脑梗塞患者的早期诊断,对预后有评估作用。
综述

黄芪在膝骨关节炎治疗中的应用现状及研究进展

Application Status and Research Progress of Astragalus in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis

:93-95
 
KOA是临床上最常见,发病起源于关节软骨的慢性退行性关节疾病。近年来,应用黄芪治疗KOA的报道不断增多,并且开展了大量的机制研究。本文综述了黄芪在KOA治疗中的应用现状及研究进展,同时指出从PPAR-γ信号通路探索黄芪干预KOA的具体分子机制具有积极的理论和实践意义。
综述

NSE基因在小细胞肺癌中的研究进展

Research Progress of NSE Pene in Small Cell Lung Cancer

:90-92
 
神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase, NSE)是糖酵解途径中一种重要的同工酶;特异性位于神经元和神经内分泌细胞中。小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)细胞浆内含有神经内分泌颗粒,具有神经内分泌分化的特征,为恶性程度高的神经内分泌系统肿瘤。因此,NSE是SCLC诊断中最敏感的肿瘤标志物,在SCLC的临床诊断、治疗、预后均有重要应用价值,科学合理联合检测肿瘤标记物,将能为临床诊疗工作提供有力的帮助。
综述

肿瘤微环境响应型多柔比星前药的研究进展

Research progress of doxorubicin prodrug based on tumor microenvironment response

:1189-1200
 
与正常组织细胞微环境相比,肿瘤微环境具有一定的异质性,包括偏酸性、氧化还原状态失衡、存在高浓度活性氧以及酶过量表达等。根据以上肿瘤微环境特点,可设计出一系列通过各种特殊微环境响应型连接臂相连的小分子或聚合物前药纳米粒。其中,多柔比星阿霉素作为一类最常见的广谱抗肿瘤药物在治疗肿瘤的过程中发挥重要作用。文章探讨了在肿瘤微环境特异性的生理状态下针对不同微环境所设计的多柔比星前药及其释放特性等,归纳总结了肿瘤微环境响应型多柔比星前药的研究进展。
Compared with normal tissue cell microenvironment, there is some differences in tumor microenvironment, such as partial acidity, imbalance of redox state, high concentration of reactive oxygen species and cathepsin. According to the above characteristics of tumor microenvironment, a series of small molecule or polymer prodrug nanoparticles connected by various special microenvironment responsive structures can be designed. Doxorubicin, as one of the most common broad-spectrum antitumor drugs, plays an important role in the treatment of tumors. This review discusses the doxorubicin prodrug designed for different tumor microenvironments under the physiological state of tumor microenvironment specificity and their release characteristics, and summarizes the research progress of tumor microenvironment-responsive doxorubicin prodrug.
综述

糖尿病患者合并细菌性肺炎的研究进展

Research progress on diabetes mellitus patients with bacterial pneumonia

:1182-1188
 
       随着糖尿病患者的增加,因肺炎住院的糖尿病患者数也呈现出明显上升趋势。由于糖代谢紊乱及机体免疫功能下降等因素,细菌在高血糖的机体环境中快速繁殖并分泌大量毒素,增加了抗菌药物使用的时间跨度和细菌清除难度,对患者预后造成了极大的威胁。文章主要对糖尿病合并细菌性肺炎患者的病原学特征、耐药情况及药物治疗等进行阐述,旨在进一步为临床预防和治疗提供参考依据。
        With the increasing incidence in diabetes, the number of hospitalized diabetes patients with pneumonia is also increasing. Due to factors such as glucose metabolism disorders and decreased immune function in the body, bacteria rapidly multiply and secrete a large amount of toxins in the hyperglycemic environment,increasing the duration of antibiotic use and the difficulty of bacterial clearance, posing a great threat to patient prognosis. This article mainly elaborates on the pathogenic characteristics, drug resistance, and drug treatment of diabetes patients with bacterial pneumonia, aiming to provide reference for the clinical prevention and treatment.
综述

儿童孤立性直肠溃疡综合征的诊治进展

Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of isolated rectal ulcer syndrome in children

:1175-1181
 
        儿童孤立性直肠溃疡综合征(SRUS)是一种较为罕见的慢性直肠疾病,儿童发病率低且缺乏明确统计学数据。该病主要表现为便血、排黏液便和排便不尽感,临床诊断较为困难,常易误诊为其他疾病。其发病机制尚不明确,可能与排便习惯异常、直肠黏膜异常、血管异常以及遗传易感性等多种因素有关,其中 CHEK2 基因的 p.H371Y 突变可能在发病机制中起关键作用。诊断需综合病史、体格检查以及排粪造影、超声内镜、肠镜检查与组织病理活检等多种辅助检查手段。治疗上目前尚无统一指南,主要包括改善饮食和排便习惯、生物反馈治疗、药物治疗、内镜下治疗和外科手术治疗等,但总体治疗难度较大且复发率较高。本文对儿童 SRUS 的流行病学、发病机制、临床表现、诊断和治疗等方面的研究进展进行综述,旨在提高临床医师对该病的诊疗水平,为未来进一步的研究提供参考依据。
       Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome(SRUS)in children is a chronic and benign disease of the rectum characterized by ulcers. The clinical incidence of SRUS in children is not high, but it is prone to misdiagnose and miss diagnosis,which can delay the optimal treatment opportunity. This article reviews the research progress on the epidemiology,pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of SRUS in children, aiming to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic level of clinicians.
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