目的 了解医务人员临床工作中血源性职业暴露的情况、暴露后的心理健康状况及其影响因素,采取干预措施,保障医务人员身心健康。方法 对医院2013年1月—2017年12月上报的79例血源性职业暴露者,在1个月内进行现状调查,同时采用自填式问卷症状自评量表(SCL-90)对调查对象进行调查,对其暴露后的心理影响程度进行评估。结果 医务人员在发生血源性职业暴露后其中躯体化因子、人际关系敏感因子、抑郁因子、焦虑因子在职业暴露前后的比较及与未发生职业暴露的医务人员相比较,均有不同程度的提高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。单因素分析显示影响血源性职业暴露后医务人员的心理健康状况的因素有年龄、职业、工龄、既往发生职业暴露史和患者患传染病种类(P<0.05)。其中年龄在21~25岁年龄的医务人员的得分较高,职业为医生和陪护工人的得分较高,工龄在1~5年的得分较高,既往发生过职业暴露的医务人员得分较高,患者患传染病类型为梅毒及暴露源不明的得分较高。结论 医务人员在发生血源性职业暴露后,其心理健康状态可受到较大影响;工龄、既往发生职业暴露史和患者患传染病种类是医务人员发生血源性职业暴露后心理状况健康的独立影响因素。医院管理者在重视预防及减少职业暴露的同时,更应关注血源性职业暴露后的心理变化,及时提供心理支持和医疗帮助。

目的 分析肺肝样腺癌(HAL)的临床病理特征、诊断、免疫表型、基因检测及治疗预后等。方法 对1例HAL临床及影像学、组织学形态、免疫组化及基因检测结果等进行观察,并结合相关文献综合分析。结果 患者为48岁吸烟男性,镜下肿瘤具有肝细胞样和腺样分化特征,血清AFP升高。免疫组化: Hepatocyte,AFP, Arginase-1均阳性,ARMS-PCR法均未检测到EGFR,ALK/ROS1,KRAS及BRAF突变。结合相关文献分析: HAL常见于有吸烟史的男性,血清AFP值升高也是该肿瘤的一个特点。肿物多见于肺上叶,体积较大,易发生淋巴结和远处转移,预后相对较差。结论 HAL非常少见,易误诊,其诊断需结合形态学特点、临床病理特征及免疫组化结果等。

Objective To explore the clinicopathologic characteristics, diagnosis, immunophenotype, gene detection and prognosis of primary hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung (HAL). Methods A case of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung was analyzed with clinical manifestations, histology, immunohistochemical staining and gene detection, and relevant literatures were reviewed. Results The patient was a 48-years-old man with smoking history. Microscopically, the tumor has the characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma and adenoid differentiation, also serum AFP was elevated. The immunohistochemical results showed that Hepatocyte, AFP and Arginase-1were positive. No mutations were detected for EGFR, ALK/ROS1, KRAS and BRAF by ARMS-PCR. Combining with literature analysis, HAL is common in males and most patients with this tumor are smokers. Serum AFP in very high levels has been a distinguishing feature of this tumor. HAL usually presents as a large bulky solitary mass in the upper lobe. Lymph nodes and distant metastases are prone to occur. Therefore, the prognosis is very poor. Conclusion HAL is a rare malignant tumor and easy to be misdiagnosed. The diagnosis of primary hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung should be combined with morphological features, clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical findings.

目的 探讨胸苷激酶1活性检测在胸腔积液鉴别诊断中的敏感度及特异度。方法 回顾性分析诊断明确的肺炎旁胸腔积液、结核性胸腔积液、癌性胸腔积液患者的临床资料,收集并检测三组患者胸腔积液标本中胸苷激酶1活性并进行比较。结果 三组胸腔积液胸苷激酶1含量分别为: 肺炎旁胸腔积液组: (1.18±0.73)pmol/L、结核组活性(1.31±0.64)pmol/L、癌性组(2.07±1.47)pmol/L。统计分析显示癌性组胸苷激酶1含量高于肺炎旁胸腔积液组及结核组,差异有统计学意义,而肺炎旁组与结核组胸苷激酶1含量无统计学差异。在诊断价值分析方面,当胸苷激酶1≥1.28 pmol/L时支持癌性胸腔积液诊断,但是当胸苷激酶1＜1.28 pmol/L时,无法鉴别肺炎旁和结核性胸腔积液。因此,胸苷激酶1对于癌性胸腔积液的诊断价值较好,对肺炎旁胸腔积液和结核性胸腔积液鉴别诊断效能差。临床可考虑与其他指标,如降钙素原、腺苷脱氨酶等指标联合诊断。结论 胸腔积液胸苷激酶1含量在癌性胸腔积液与非癌性胸腔积液的鉴别诊断中有较好诊断价值。

Objective To investigate the of thymidine kinase 1in differential diagnosis of pleural effusion. Methods A retrospective analysis of thymidine kinase1 activity in the parapneumonic pleural effusion and tuberculous pleural effusion and malignant pleural effusion were conducted. Results The thymidine kinase 1 of this three groups are respectively: parapneumonic group (1.18±0.73pmol/L), tuberculosis group (1.31±0.64pmol/L), and cancer group (2.07±1.47pmol/L). It was shown that the activity of thymidine kinase 1 in cancer group was higher than that of inflammation group and tuberculosis group, the difference was statistical significance, but there was no significant difference between parapneumonic group and tuberculosis group. It supported the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion when thymidine kinase 1 was greater than or equal to 1.28pmol/L, but when the thymidine kinase 1 was less than 1.28pmol/L, it was impossible to distinguish parapneumonic pleural effusion and tuberculous pleural effusion. Therefore, the diagnosis efficiency of thymidine kinase 1 in malignant pleural effusion is well, but the diagnosis efficiency of thymidine kinase 1 in parapneumonic pleural effusion and tuberculous pleural effusion is not well. Conclusion The diagnosis efficiency of thymidine kinase 1 in malignant pleural effusion and non-malignant pleural effusion is well.

目的 应用FRAX^®工具评估广州社区中老年人发生骨质疏松性骨折的风险。方法 回顾性研究1 140例广州社区中老年人的临床资料,应用FRAX^®工具计算未来10年发生主要骨质疏松性骨折及髋部骨折的风险,分析不同危险因素与骨折风险的关系。结果 广州社区中老年人群10年内发生主要骨质疏松性骨折概率为(4.2±3.6)%,髋部骨折概率为(1.3±2.4)%。主要骨质疏松性骨折风险及髋部骨折风险、OSTA值均随着年龄增长而增加。多因素回归分析结果显示: 年龄、性别、既往骨折、继发性骨质疏松、股骨颈T值、跌倒对主要部位骨折及髋部骨折风险具有独立性预测意义。结论 FRAX^®工具可用于评估广州社区中老年人骨质疏松性骨折风险,建议在社区中老年人健康体检时应用FRAX^®工具进行骨折风险评估。

Objective To predict the osteoporotic fracture risk in senile people in Guangzhou communities by FRAX,the fracture risk assessment tool published by WHO. Methods Clinical data of 1140 cases were collected for the retrospective analysis. The FRAX tool was uesed to calculate the 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic and hip fracture.The relationship between different risk factors and the fracture risk predicted by FRAX was analyzed. Results The 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fractures was (4.2±3.6)%, and the 10-year probability of hip fractures was (1.3±2.4)%.The 10-year probability of the major osteoporotic and hip fracture increased with age.Multivariate regression analysis showed that age,gender,previous fracture,secondary osteoporosis,T-score of femoral neck BMD and fall were independent predictors of the 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture. Conclusion The FRAX tool may be effectively applied to assess the fracture risk of senile population in Guangzhou communities.We recommedated that FRAX-tool should be included in routine health check-up.

瘦素(leptin)是由控制各种生理过程的脂肪组织合成和分泌的一类激素,通过作用于靶细胞膜上的瘦素受体并经信号传导在各器官和系统中发挥一系列生物学效应。肾脏是高血压常见的靶器官之一。相关研究表明,瘦素在高血压肾损害中发挥作用,其机制可能与氧化应激及其炎症反应有关。本文以瘦素对高血压肾损害及其相关机制作一综述,并探讨瘦素对高血压肾损害发病机制研究进展。

Leptin which is a kind of synthesis and secretion of hormone that participates in various physiological processes is the role of the leptin receptor on the target cell membrane and the signal transduction through a series of biological effects in different organs and systems. Kidney is one of the common target organs of hypertension, and related research shows that leptin plays a role in hypertensive kidney damage, whose mechanism may be related to oxidative stress and its inflammatory reaction. The paper reviewed leptin on renal damage in hypertension and its related mechanisms, to explore the leptin on renal pathogenesis of hypertension research progress.

尼可地尔是一种ATP敏感型钾离子通道开放剂,同时兼有类硝酸酯作用,具有舒张冠脉和外周血管及通过缺血预适应对心脏起保护作用等双重功效,主要用于抗心绞痛的治疗。介于尼可地尔这种特殊结构及其作用机制能否降低急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后无复流的发生率及改善临床预后,目前临床研究仍在探索中。现就尼可地尔的作用机制、模拟的药物预适应作用、及综合作用与急性心肌梗死的关系做一综述,评估尼可地尔作为辅助药物在AMI行介入治疗中的作用及临床预后,指导临床用药。

Nicorandil is an ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channel opener, meanwhile has an effect like nitrate, has dual actions including coronary and peripheral vasodilatation and cardioprotective effects through ischemic preconditioning, mainly for the treatment of anti-angina. Whether the specific structure of nicorandil and its mechanism can reduce the incidence of no-reflow in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after PCI and improve the clinical prognosis, the current clinical research is still under investigation. We will expound mechanisms of nicorandil, drug preconditioning and its comprehensive effect. The role of nicorandil in the interventional therapy of AMI was reviewed to guide clinical medication.

目的 评估湿化高流量鼻导管通气治疗早产儿呼吸暂停的效果。方法 选取2014年1月—2016年1月在我院新生儿科住院并诊断为呼吸暂停的早产儿64例,随机分为HHFNC组和NCPAP组各32例,2组在氨茶碱治疗失败后分别采用HHFNC和NCPAP 2种无创辅助呼吸支持。观察2组的治疗效果、无创通气时间、总用氧时间、1周内置管率及不良反应发生率。结果 HHFNC组和NCPAP组治疗早产儿呼吸暂停的有效率分别为90%和86%,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);2组在无创通气时间、总用氧时间及1周内置管率方面比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05);HHFNC组鼻损伤、喂养不耐受发生率低于NCPAP组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),NEC和ROP发生率比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 HHFNC治疗早产儿呼吸暂停的效果与NCPAP相仿,HHFNC可降低早产儿鼻损伤、喂养不耐受发生率,而且并未增加NEC和ROP发生率,临床更适用于早产儿呼吸暂停。

目的 研究腹腔镜腹膜前疝修补术(TAPP)治疗腹股沟疝的微创性。方法 纳入我院96例腹股沟疝患者为研究对象,按随机数表法分为观察组和对照组各48例,观察组予以TAPP法进行治疗,对照组予以平片无张力修补术(Lichtenstein手术)。比较两组术中出血量、手术时间、术后进食时间、术后下床时间、住院时间及手术费用的差别,分析术后两组疼痛程度,同时观察术后并发症及复发情况。结果 观察组术中出血量少于对照组,术后进食时间、下床时间及住院时间短于对照组,手术时间长于观察组,手术费用高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组疼痛程度为低于对照组(P<0.05)。随访1年,两组均无患者复发。观察组术后并发症发生率为14.58%低于对照组35.42%(P<0.05)。结论 TAPP治疗腹股沟疝临床疗效高,创伤小,恢复快,可降低术后疼痛感,具有微创性。

目的 研究低Apgar评分新生儿外周动脉(非脐动脉,以下同)血pH对新生儿窒息诊断的作用。方法 选取本院出生Apgar评分1min≤7分活产婴儿158例,复苏后1 h内,平均(33±3.9)min,抽取外周动脉血气,分析其pH与Apgar评分及多器官损害关系,以探讨它们之间作为窒息诊断的互补性。结果 复苏后的外周动脉血pH值比脐动脉血pH值高,动脉血pH与Apgar 评分呈正相关。1min Apgar评分4～7分组中pH＞7.25者占67%(109/158),且几乎在5min时Apgar评分转至8分以上,提示可能没酸中毒或窒息。动脉血pH在7.25以下或1min Apgar评分0～3分者发生多器官损害率较高,而4～7分者且pH＞7.25时多器官损害率较低。与目前窒息的诊断标准对比,本组符合率降低,可能与采用复苏后的外周动脉而非脐动脉血pH有关。结论 外周动脉血pH一定程度上可反映窒息情况,低Apgar评分不等同窒息,动脉血pH及多器官损害是判断低Apgar评分新生儿是否窒息的重要互补因素,采用复苏后才抽取的外周动脉血pH判断窒息时,如果仍以pH＜7.20为标准,可能会造成漏诊。

目的 探讨降低院前病情识别风险的护理研究。方法 对106例患者进行院前急救护理,53例患者使用简单临床评分(SCS)作为对照组,53例患者采用改良早期预警评分(MEWS)模式作为观察组,并按照院前危重患者救治护理模式实施院前急救护理。比较救治结果。结果 观察组患者院前急救总耗时间缩短,转运成活率和满意度提高,转运并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MEWS评分评估28 d生存率的AUC为0.861(P＜0. 001),临界值为6.98分,敏感度87.2%,特异度91.6%,优于SCS。结论 早期预警评分模式可以降低院前病情识别风险,提高救治成功率和护理质量,对患者预后有较好的敏感性和准确性。

Objective To explore the nursing in reducing risk of patients' pre-hospital condition recognition. Methods 106 patients were treated by emergency care in pre-hospital period. Among all patients a simple clinical scoring condition assessment(SCS) were given to 53 patients, who were in control group, and other 53 cases were treated by modified early warning score model (MEWS), who were in observation group. Emergency care was given to all critical patients in pre-hospital period. Then we compared the effects. Results The pre-hospital consumed time was significantly less, transportation survival rate and satisfaction rate of patients were both higher, complication rate was lower in observation group than control group(P＜0.05). The AUC was 0.861(P＜0. 001) of MEWS for evaluating survival rate after 28 days by the ROC curve analysis. The score of cutoff value was 6.98, sensitivity was 87.2%, specificity was 91.6%, which were all better than SCS. Conclusion Early warning score model may decrease the risk of condition recognition in pre-hospital period, improve rescue success rate and nursing quality, providing a better sensitivity and accuracy for prognosis evaluation.