运动可以调节机体代谢,预防和治疗由糖脂代谢紊乱所引发的心血管疾病。运动因子是在运动过程中,由肌肉、脂肪以及肝脏等多个组织合成和分泌的一系列生物活性物质,包括蛋白质和多肽类分子、小分子代谢物以及核酸等。诸多研究证实,运动因子是运动调节机体代谢的重要因素之一,也是机体从运动中获益的关键分子机制。近年来,随着蛋白质组学、代谢组学以及高通量测序等相关技术的飞速发展,越来越多的运动因子被陆续发现和证实。这不仅拓宽了人们对机体从运动中获益相关机制的认知,还激发了人们对运动因子在健康领域应用前景的浓厚兴趣。文章系统地阐述了运动因子对机体心血管系统的影响,旨在揭示运动因子在促进心血管健康以及治疗心血管疾病等方面的积极效用。
Exercise can prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases resulting from the metabolic disorders of glucose and lipid.Exerkines are defined as a series of bioactive substances in response to exercise including proteins,peptides,small molecular metabolites and nucleic acids.Multiple tissues can produce exerkines,such as skeletal muscle,adipose tissue,and liver.Many studies indicate that exerkines play essential roles in improving glucose and lipid metabolism,which are crucial to harness the health-related benefits mediated by exercise.In recent years,with the progression of proteomics,metabolomics and high-throughput sequencings,an increasing number of exerkines are discovered.These findings expand the research on beneficial effects of exercise and draw attention to the clinical implications of exerkines.This review aims to explore the influence of exerkines on cardiovascular system and reveal their potential roles in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
受现代人们生活、饮食习惯改变、心理压力增加和睡眠质量下降等因素影响,胃食管反流病的发病率逐渐增加,对患者的工作生活和情绪造成了极大的影响。自我管理能够以患者为中心,提高患者在疾病治疗中的参与度,节约医疗资源,被广泛应用在慢性病管理中。而胃食管反流病患者的自我管理仍处于初步发展阶段,缺少科学、系统的评估工具和能够广泛实行的干预流程。文章通过对胃食管反流病患者的自我管理的概念、评估工具、干预方案等方面进行综述, 旨在为胃食管反流病患者自我管理的干预提供参考。
As modern lifestyles and dietary habits change,psychological stress increases,and sleep quality declines,the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)has been rising.This condition significantly impacts patients' work,daily life,and emotional well-being.Self-management,which centers on patient involvement,enhances participation in disease treatment,conserves medical resources,and is widely used in managing chronic diseases.However,self-management for GERD patients is still in its early stages,lacking scientifically systematic assessment tools and broadly applicable intervention protocols.This study reviews the concepts,assessment tools,and intervention programs of self-management GERD patients,aiming to provide reference for the intervention of self-management of GERD patients.
戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)是导致急性肝炎的重要病原体,部分HEV感染者可进展为肝衰竭,此外,慢性感染和肝外表现可也在HEV感染者中发生。全球每年感染HEV的患者数达2000万,其中330万例患者有肝炎相关的临床症状,年死亡例数约为4.4万(2015年数据)。在我国,HEV以散发流行为主。近年来由于对其研究的重视,HEV病原学、流行病学、临床诊疗和预防取得较大的进展,文章拟对目前HEV防治热点以及新进展进行总结和分析。
Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is an important pathogen that causes acute hepatitis.Some HEV-infected individualsmay progress to liver failure.In addition,chronic infection(including liver fibrosis and cirrhosis)and extrahepatic manifestations can also occur in HEV infection.Worldwide,there are 20 million cases of HEV infection each year,with 3.3 million cases presenting clinical symptoms related to hepatitis,and an annual death toll of approximately 44,000(data from 2015).In China,HEV mainly present as sporadic outbreaks.In recent years,there has been significant progress in the pathogenesis,epidemiology,clinical diagnosis and treatment,and prevention of HEV.This review aims to summarize and analyze the current hotspots and new developments in the prevention and treatment of HEV.
卵巢癌是导致女性死亡的全球第五大原因,其治疗效果受限于早期诊断和治疗方案的有限性。近年来,随着靶向治疗的不断发展,细胞死亡途径作为治疗靶点受到广泛关注,其中双硫死亡作为一种新发现的程序性细胞死亡形式,为癌症治疗提供了新的思路。文章探讨了双硫死亡及其他主要细胞死亡途径包括自噬、细胞焦亡、坏死性凋亡、铁死亡和铜死亡在卵巢癌治疗中的研究进展,有望为卵巢癌患者提供更有效的治疗选择。
Ovarian cancer ranks as the fifth deadliest cancer among women worldwide,with treatment efficacy hamperedby limited early diagnosis and therapeutic options.In recent years,with the continuous development of targeted therapies,cell death pathways have gained widespread attention as therapeutic targets.Among them,disulfideptosis,a newly discovered form of programmed cell death,offers a novel avenue for cancer treatment.This review aims to explore the research progress of disulfideptosis and other major cell death pathways including autophagy,apoptosis,necroptosis,ferroptosis,and cuproptosis in ovarian cancer therapy,with the potential to provide more effective treatment options for ovarian cancer patients.
自发性脑出血(SICH)是脑卒中的一种常见形式,其预后通常较差,因此早期评估和调节患者出血后的免疫状态至关重要。免疫检查点是评估T淋巴细胞活跃性和增殖状态的关键指标,监测这些检查点有助于预测脑出血患者的预后。程序性死亡蛋白1(PD-1)和细胞分化抗原28(CD28)作为两个典型的免疫检查点,它们在脑出血预后评估中的应用正逐渐成为研究的热点。该文综述了脑出血后机体免疫状态的变化,以及PD-1和CD28在脑出血后评估和治疗中的研究进展。
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(SICH)is a common cause of stroke,with specific outcomes often being poor.Therefore,early assessment and modulation of the immune status after hemorrhage are of critical importance.Immune checkpoints serve as key indicators for assessing the activation and proliferation of T cells,and monitoring these checkpoints can help to predict the outcomes of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.PD-1(programmed death 1)and CD28(Cluster of Differentiation 28)are two representative immune checkpoints,and their use in prognostic assessment after intracerebral hemorrhage is becoming a focus of research.This article reviews the changes in the immune state of the body after intracerebral hemorrhage,as well as the research progress on the use of PD-1 and CD28 in the evaluation and treatment following intracerebral hemorrhage.
耳鸣是一种常见的耳部疾病,它会导致患者感到耳内发出刺耳的嗡嗡声,并且可能会影响听力。这种症状在中老年人中尤其常见,特别是身体虚弱的人。该文从中医、西医两个角度,对耳鸣的治疗进行整理综述,以期为探索耳鸣的中西医结合疗法提供思路。
Tinnitus is a common ear disease,it can make patients feel screeched ears buzzing,and may affect the hearing.These symptoms in middle-aged and old people are particularly common,especially the weak.In this paper,from two angles of traditional Chinese medicine,western medicine,treatment of tinnitus are summerized,which will provide the new way to find the combine traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment of tinnitus.
嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)作为过敏反应中关键的先天免疫细胞,在心血管疾病的发生与发展进程中也扮演着至关重要的角色。大量证据显示,血液EOS计数与诸多心血管疾病之间存在紧密联系,但临床研究得出的结论不尽相同。基础研究发现,EOS一方面可通过释放白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、IL-13及阳离子蛋白等细胞因子,对心肌梗死、心肌肥厚、心力衰竭或腹主动脉瘤发挥保护作用;另一方面,EOS表达的阳离子蛋白和血小板活化因子会促进平滑肌细胞增殖和钙化,进而加速动脉粥样硬化的形成。因此,EOS在不同心血管疾病中所发挥的作用存在差异,这与疾病的演变进程、EOS的数量均密切相关。本文对现有的临床和基础研究成果进行汇总,阐述EOS在各类心血管疾病中的不同作用。
Eosinophils(EOS),as key innate immune cells in allergic reactions,play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases.Ample evidence shows that the count of blood EOS is closely related to many cardiovascular diseases.However,the conclusions drawn from clinical studies are inconsistent,and these contradictory observational results still cannot be reasonably explained so far.Basic research has found that,on the one hand,EOS can exert protective effects on myocardial infarction,myocardial hypertrophy,heart failure,or abdominal aortic aneurysm by releasing cytokines such as interleukin-4(IL-4),IL-13,and cationic proteins;on the other hand,the cationic proteins and platelet activating factors expressed by EOS can promote the proliferation and calcification of smooth muscle cells,thereby accelerating the formation of atherosclerosis.Therefore,the roles played by EOS in different cardiovascular diseases vary,which is closely related to the evolution process of the disease and the number of EOS.This article will summarize the existing clinical and basic research results to elaborate the different roles of EOS in various cardiovascular diseases.
长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是一类长度大于200个核苷酸转录本,通过调控DNA、RNA及蛋白质的表达和功能,参与肿瘤发生、发展并发挥重要作用的RNA,近年来lncRNA成为恶性肿瘤早期诊断和预后标志物研究新的关注方向。Linc-UBC1作为一种新发现的lncRNA,在多种恶性肿瘤如肺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、食管鳞癌等中异常高表达,可通过作为竞争性RNA(ceRNA)、参与信号通路等促进肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭、细胞周期进展、细胞凋亡和上皮间充质转化(EMT)等过程;高表达的linc-UBC1能够增加恶性肿瘤的耐药性,其表达水平与肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移和原发肿瘤远处转移呈正相关;linc-UBC1有望成为许多恶性肿瘤的新型的生物标志物、预后预测因子和治疗靶点,但其具体的调控机制仍处于研究的早期阶段,有待进一步深入研究。文章就目前linc-UBC1在恶性肿瘤发生和发展中的作用研究进展进行综述。
Long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)is a class of transcripts with a length of more than 200 nucleotides.It isinvolved in the occurrence and development of tumors and plays an important role by regulating the expression and function of DNA,RNA and protein.In recent years,lncRNA has become a new research direction for early diagnosis and prognosis of malignant tumors.As a newly discovered lncRNA,linc-UBC1 is abnormally highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors such as lung cancer,gastric cancer,colorectal cancer,cervical cancer,ovarian cancer,and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.It can promote the proliferation,migration,invasion,cell cycle progression,cell apoptosis and EMT of tumor cells by acting as a competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA)and participating in signaling pathways.High expression of linc-UBC1 can increase the drug resistance of malignant tumors,and its expression level is positively correlated with tumor stage,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis of primary tumors.linc-UBC1 is expected to become a new biomarker,prognostic predictor and therapeutic target for many malignant tumors,while its specific regulatory mechanism is still in the early stage of research and needs further in-depth study.This article reviews the current research progress of linc-UBC1 in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors.
根据美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人组第三次报告NECP-ATPⅢ会议定义,当男性年龄<55岁,女性年龄<65岁诊断为冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)时即为早发冠心病(pCAD)。作为冠心病的特殊类型之一,pCAD发生多伴明显家族史。近年来随着早发冠心病患者人数呈明显上升趋势,且单核苷酸多态性(SNP)研究和全基因组关联研究的迅速发展,与早发冠心病相关的基因多态性研究成为热点。笔者利用多个文献数据库检索国内外相关文献,对近年早发冠心病的基因多态性研究进展予以综述,并尝试归纳总结出新的重点研究方向。
According to the third meeting of the Adult Education Group of the Cholesterol Education Program of the United States(NECP-ATPⅢ),premature coronary artery disease(pCAD)is a disease diagnosed in men <55 years old and women <65 years old,which is a special form of CAD with multiple obvious family history.In recent years,with the increasing number of patients with pCAD,and the rapid development of single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)and genome-wide association studies,the study of gene polymorphism related to premature coronary artery disease has become a hot topic.Several database were searched to collect relevant literature at home and abroad,and the research progress of gene polymorphism of premature coronary artery disease in recent years was summarized,and tried to provide new key research directions.
炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种以反复腹痛、腹泻、血便和体重降低为主要表现的慢性特发性性疾病,主要分为溃疡性结肠炎与克罗恩病两种类型。近年来,IBD的患病率随着城市化和工业化进展迅速升高,给中国和全球的公共健康带来沉重的负担。随着人类基因组技术的发展,越来越多的证据表明,遗传学因素在IBD发病过程中起着不可或缺的作用。在亚欧人群中,通过大规模全基因组关联研究现已明确了320个IBD易感基因位点。IBD易感基因在影响机体的细胞代谢、免疫功能调节、肠道上皮屏障和微生物清除等多个方面发挥着重要作用。本文就IBD相关易感基因及其多态性的研究进展进行综述,从基因层面揭示IBD发病的分子机制,并对探索IBD因人而异的个性化治疗方案提供帮助。
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic idiopathic disease characterized by recurrent abdominal pain,diarrhea,bloody stools,and weight loss.Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease represent the two main types of IBD.In recent years,the prevalence of IBD has increased rapidly with the advancement of industrialization,imposing a heavy burden on public health in China and globally.Currently,with the development of genomics,a growing body of evidence suggests that genetic factors play an indispensable role in the pathogenesis of IBD.In the Eurasian population,320 IBD susceptibility gene loci have been identified through large-scale genome-wide association studies.IBD susceptibility genes play a crucial role in various aspects affecting cellular metabolism,immune function regulation,intestinal epithelial barrier,and microbial clearance.This article reviews the susceptibility genes and their polymorphisms associated with IBD,revealing the molecule mechanisms of IBD from gene perspectives and contributing to the development of personalized treatment strategies tailored to individual IBD patients.