综述

IMB模型应用于日间腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后早期康复质量的研究进展

Research progress on the application of IMB model in the early postoperative rehabilitation quality of patients undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy

:419-424
 
       本文概述了传统日间腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后早期康复质量存在的问题,IMB模型通过向患者提供科学的疾病知识,改变其疾病认知与态度,最终促使其采纳并维持健康行为。本文还介绍了IMB模型在日间腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者早期康复质量中应用涉及的相关概念、研究背景和国内外的研究现状以及未来发展趋势与挑战。研究结果显示,IMB模型可显著降低患者术后疼痛发生率,并提高患者参与治疗决策的程度,为后期关于IMB模型在日间腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后早期康复质量的相关研究提供借鉴与参考,以便后期实施相关个性化干预措施,并提供相关理论依据。
       This paper summarizes the problems existing in the early postoperative rehabilitation quality of patients undergoing traditional ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy.The IMB model changes patients’ disease cognition and attitude by providing them with scientific disease knowledge,and ultimately promotes their adoption and maintenance of healthy behaviors.It also introduces the relevant concepts involved in the application of the IMB model in the early postoperative rehabilitation quality of patients undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy,the research background of this study,the current research status at home and abroad,as well as the future development trends and challenges.The research results show that the IMB model can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative severe pain in patients and the degree of patient participation in treatment decision-making.This provides reference and guidance for subsequent studies on the early rehabilitation quality of patients undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy using the IMB model,so as to implement relevant personalized intervention measures in the future and provide relevant theoretical basis.

基于“治未病”理论探讨肛周脓肿术后防瘘策略

Postoperative anti-fistula strategy for perianal abscess based on the theory of "prevention and treatment of diseases"

:-
 
肛周脓肿术后防瘘是临床的关注点,本文基于“治未病”思想,提出覆盖肛周脓肿术后防瘘全周期的防治策略,包括未病调体质、调摄饮食、优化手术、加强创面管理降低风险,既发截断病势、辨证防治并发症及局部干预防蔓延,康复期整体调养与随访促愈防复,为中医药在肛周脓肿术后防瘘的临床实践应用方面提供参考。
Prevention of fistula formation after perianal abscess surgery is a clinical concern. Based on the concept of "treating disease before it arises," this paper proposes a comprehensive prevention and treatment strategy covering the entire cycle of fistula prevention after perianal abscess surgery, including regulating constitution before disease onset, adjusting diet, optimizing surgery, strengthening wound management to reduce risk, interrupting disease progression after onset, treating complications based on syndrome differentiation, and local intervention to prevent spread. During the rehabilitation period, holistic recuperation and follow-up are emphasized to promote healing and prevent recurrence, providing a reference for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine in preventing fistula after perianal abscess surgery.

改良拔尿管方法在妇科腹腔镜术后患者临床应用研究

:-
 
探讨改良拔尿管方法在妇科腹腔镜术后留置尿管患者临床的影响。方法 选取2025年2月7日—2025年10 月10日我院妇科腹腔镜手术术后留置尿管患者60例为研究对象。本研究采用随机数字表法将研究对象分为对照组与观察组,两组各纳入30例。比较两组首次拔管尿路疼痛评价、首次排尿时间、患者尿潴留例数。结果 观察组首次拔尿管尿路疼痛程度显著低于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组首次排尿时间显著少于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察两组尿潴留发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 本次研究采用改良后的尿管拔除方法,虽未明显降低妇科腹腔镜术后患者的尿潴留发生率,但能有效降低拔尿管时患者的不适感 ,减少尿道损伤,缓解疼痛,加快患者自主排尿,具有积极临床实践意义。

改良拔尿管方法在妇科腹腔镜术后患者临床应用研究

:-
 
探讨改良拔尿管方法在妇科腹腔镜术后留置尿管患者临床的影响。方法 选取2025年2月7日—2025年10 月10日我院妇科腹腔镜手术术后留置尿管患者60例为研究对象。本研究采用随机数字表法将研究对象分为对照组与观察组,两组各纳入30例。比较两组首次拔管尿路疼痛评价、首次排尿时间、患者尿潴留例数。结果 观察组首次拔尿管尿路疼痛程度显著低于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组首次排尿时间显著少于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察两组尿潴留发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 本次研究采用改良后的尿管拔除方法,虽未明显降低妇科腹腔镜术后患者的尿潴留发生率,但能有效降低拔尿管时患者的不适感 ,减少尿道损伤,缓解疼痛,加快患者自主排尿,具有积极临床实践意义

冠心病患者PCI术后发生冠脉微循环损伤的影响因素及构建的Logistic风险预测模型对冠脉微循环损伤发生的预测效能

:-
 
目的 探讨冠心病(CHD)患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后冠脉微循环损伤(CMI)发生的影响因素及构建的Logistic风险预测模型对CMI发生的预测效能,以指导临床制定针对性的干预措施。方法 选取2023年4月至2025年4月于本院接受PCI治疗的143例CHD患者为研究对象,依据PCI术后1 d是否发生CMI,将其分为发生CMI组(86例)和未发生CMI组(57例)。比较两组临床资料;分析CHD患者PCI术后发生CMI的影响因素,构建Logistic风险预测模型,分析其对PCI术后CMI发生的预测效能。结果 发生CMI组心肌梗死病史、糖尿病史、吸烟史、NYHA心功能分级为Ⅲ级、多支冠脉病变、伴有冠脉中重度钙化、症状出现至PCI时间>6 h占比及冠脉狭窄率、预扩张次数、预扩张时间高于未发生CMI组,最大扩张压力、术后即刻TIMI血流分级为3级占比低于未发生CMI组,PCI术前血清ANGPTL3、EMMPRIN水平及hs-CRP/PA高于未发生CMI组(P<0.05);Logistic多因素分析结果显示,糖尿病史、冠脉狭窄率、预扩张次数、NYHA心功能分级、冠脉中重度钙化、症状出现至PCI时间及ANGPTL3、EMMPRIN、hs-CRP/PA为CHD患者PCI术后发生CMI的独立危险因素,最大扩张压力为其独立保护因素(P<0.05);构建的Logistic风险预测模型预测PCI术后CMI发生风险的AUC值为0.901(95%CI:0.840~0.945),敏感度、特异度分别为82.56%、80.70%,且该模型与观测值拟合度良好,具有良好的区分度、校准度和临床适用性。结论 依据CHD患者PCI术后发生CMI的影响因素构建的Logistic风险预测模型对CMI发生具有较高的预测效能,可指导临床制定针对性干预措施,以减少PCI术后CMI发生,改善CHD患者预后。

脊柱侧弯术后胃肠道功能紊乱患者“温通调补”理论指导下火龙罐综合灸的应用价值

:-
 
【摘要】目的 探讨脊柱侧弯术后胃肠道功能紊乱患者“温通调补”理论指导下火龙罐综合灸的应用价值。方法 选取2025年6月-2026年6月本院收治的86例脊柱侧弯术后胃肠道功能紊乱患者作为研究对象,采用Excel软件随机函数分为对照组与观察组,每组各43例,评估患者胃肠道功能恢复时间、POGD、中医证候评分、PAC-QOL评分、VAS评分、胃肠道菌群数及胃激素指标水平。结果 治疗后,对照组的肠鸣音恢复时间、首次排气时间、首次排便时间均显著多于观察组(P<0.05);对照组的VAS评分、POGD评分、PAC-QOL评分及中医证候评分均显著高于观察组(P<0.05);对照组的乳酸杆菌及双歧杆菌数均显著低于观察组(P<0.05),肠球菌及肠杆菌数均显著高于观察组(P<0.05);对照组的VIP水平均显著高于观察组(P<0.05),MTL、GAS水平均显著低于观察组(P<0.05)。结论 “温通调补”理论指导下火龙罐综合灸可有效改善患者脊柱侧弯术后胃肠道功能紊乱,调节其肠道菌群、胃肠道激素水平,缓解疼痛,提高患者生活质量。

基于超声实时引导的精准骶管阻滞联合喉罩全麻对阴式子宫切除手术患者术中应激与术后肠功能恢复的作用研究

:-
 
目的:探讨基于超声实时引导的精准骶管阻滞联合喉罩全麻对阴式子宫切除手术患者术中应激反应及术后肠功能恢复的影响。方法:本研究采用前瞻性、单中心随机对照试验,选取2023年1月至2025年1月于我院择期行阴式子宫切除术的患者108例,随机分为对照组(n=54)和观察组(n=54)。对照组行单纯喉罩全身麻醉,观察组行超声实时引导精准骶管阻滞(0.25%罗哌卡因20 mL)联合喉罩全身麻醉。比较两组患者术中不同时间点血流动力学指标[平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)]、应激反应指标[血清皮质醇(COR)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、血糖(GLU)]、术后肠功能恢复指标(肠鸣音恢复时间、首次排便时间、首次排气时间)、术后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、术后镇痛泵有效按压次数、补救镇痛率及不良反应发生率。主要结局指标为术后24 h VAS评分,次要结局指标包括术中应激反应指标和术后肠功能恢复指标。结果:两组患者年龄、BMI、手术时间及术中出血量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与T0时点比较,两组T1、T2、T3时点MAP、HR均升高,但观察组T1、T2、T3时点MAP、HR均低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组T1、T2、T3时点COR、NE、GLU水平均高于T0时点,但观察组T1、T2、T3时点COR、NE、GLU水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后肠鸣音恢复时间、首次排便时间及首次排气时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h VAS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05),术后镇痛泵有效按压次数及补救镇痛率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后恶心呕吐(PONV)发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),两组尿潴留发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:基于超声实时引导的精准骶管阻滞联合喉罩全麻可有效减轻阴式子宫切除手术患者术中应激反应,维持血流动力学稳定,促进术后肠功能恢复,提高术后镇痛质量,且不增加不良反应发生率,值得临床推广应用。
Objective: To investigate the effects of ultrasoundguided realtime precise caudal block combined with laryngeal mask airway (LMA) general anesthesia on intraoperative stress response and postoperative bowel function recovery in patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. Methods: This prospective, singlecenter randomized controlled trial enrolled 108 patients who underwent elective vaginal hysterectomy in our hospital from January 2023 to January 2025. They were randomly divided into a control group (n=54) and an observation group (n=54). The control group received LMA general anesthesia alone, while the observation group received ultrasoundguided realtime precise caudal block (0.25% ropivacaine 20 mL) combined with LMA general anesthesia. The following parameters were compared between the two groups: hemodynamic variables [mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR)] at different intraoperative time points, stress response indicators [serum cortisol (COR), norepinephrine (NE), blood glucose (GLU)], postoperative bowel function recovery indicators (time to bowel sound recovery, time to first defecation, time to first flatus), postoperative pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, effective pressing times of patientcontrolled analgesia (PCA) pump, rescue analgesia rate, and incidence of adverse reactions. The primary outcome was the 24 h postoperative VAS score; secondary outcomes included intraoperative stress response indicators and postoperative bowel function recovery indicators. Results: No significant differences were found between the two groups in age, BMI, operative time, or intraoperative blood loss (P>0.05). Compared with T0, MAP and HR at T1, T2 and T3 were increased in both groups, but the MAP and HR at T1, T2 and T3 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Levels of COR, NE and GLU at T1, T2 and T3 were higher than those at T0 in both groups, but the levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group at the corresponding time points (P<0.05). The time to bowel sound recovery, time to first defecation and time to first flatus in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05). The VAS scores at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h postoperatively in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05); the effective pressing times of PCA pump and the rescue analgesia rate in the observation group were also significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed in the incidence of urinary retention between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Ultrasoundguided realtime precise caudal block combined with LMA general anesthesia can effectively alleviate intraoperative stress response, maintain hemodynamic stability, promote postoperative bowel function recovery, and improve postoperative analgesia quality in patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy, without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions. Therefore, this combined anesthesia technique is worthy of clinical application.

骶管注射联合穴位埋线治疗痔术后疼痛的观察

:-
 
摘要 目的:针对混合痔日间手术后静脉镇痛泵无法带回家的临床困境,探索骶管内注射长效镇痛药联合长强、承山穴位埋线作为替代镇痛方案的有效性与安全性。 方法:回顾性纳入2023年6月至2025年9月行混合痔外剥内扎术的患者60例,根据术后镇痛方案分为两组:治疗组(骶管注射+穴位埋线,30例)和对照组(静脉镇痛泵,30例)。比较两组术后2、8、24、48 h的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及不良反应。 结果:治疗组术后2 h、8 h、24 h的VAS评分均显著低于对照组(均P<0.05);48 h两组差异无统计学意义。治疗组尿失禁、尿潴留、排便困难各1例,对照组恶心呕吐4例、嗜睡5例、尿潴留4例,组间差异无统计学意义。 结论:骶管注射联合穴位埋线可有效缓解混合痔日间术后早期疼痛,避免了静脉镇痛泵无法家庭使用的限制,为日间手术提供了一种可行的镇痛替代方案。

应用芒硝与大黄中药热奄包在经动脉介入术后肢体肿胀护理中的效果研究

:-
 
背景:经动脉穿刺行冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)是心血管疾病常见的诊疗手段,但术后常并发术侧上肢肿胀、血肿等并发症,影响患者康复进程。传统护理方法如硫酸镁湿敷效果有限,探索安全有效的中医外治方案具有重要临床意义。目的:探讨芒硝与大黄中药热奄包对经动脉介入术后肿胀的临床疗效及护理要点。方法:总结芒硝与大黄的药理作用,阐述热奄包的制备方法、应用时机、操作流程及注意事项,结合63例PCI术后患者的临床观察数据进行分析。结果:中药热奄包干预组在术后肿胀消退时间、疼痛评分(VAS)、臂围变化及患者舒适度(GCQ)方面均显著优于常规护理组(P<0.05)。结论:芒硝与大黄中药热奄包能有效促进经动脉介入术后肿胀消退,减轻疼痛,提高患者舒适度,操作简便安全,值得临床推广使用。

急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后6个月内预后不良的影响因素分析及术前血清MPO、SAA、CK-MB水平联合检测对预后不良的预测效能

:-
 
目的 探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后6个月内预后不良的影响因素及术前血清髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平联合检测对预后不良的预测效能。方法 前瞻性选取2023年1月~2025年1月许昌市人民医院诊治的204例AMI患者作为AMI组,另选取同期102例健康志愿者作为对照组。比较两组血清MPO、SAA、CK-MB水平。AMI组患者予以PCI术治疗,依据PCI术后6个月内(失访8例)预后情况将分为预后不良亚组(42例)和预后良好亚组(154例),比较不同预后AMI患者临床资料及术前血清MPO、SAA、CK-MB水平。分析AMI患者PCI术后6个月内预后不良的影响因素;分析术前血清MPO、SAA、CK-MB水平联合检测对预后不良的预测效能。结果 AMI组血清MPO、SAA、CK-MB水平高于对照组(P<0.05);预后不良亚组多支病变占比、Killip分级Ⅲ级占比、支架置入数、术前血清MPO、SAA、CK-MB水平高于预后良好亚组(P<0.05);校正病变支数、Killip分级、支架置入数后,术前血清MPO、SAA、CK-MB水平是AMI患者PCI术后6个月内预后不良的独立影响因素(P<0.05);术前血清MPO、SAA、CK-MB联合预测预后不良的AUC值明显高于各血清指标单度指标预测(P<0.05)。结论 AMI患者血清MPO、SAA、CK-MB水平明显升高,且是AMI患者PCI术后预后不良的独立影响因素,联合检测其水平对预后不良具有较高的预测效能。
出版者信息








《广州医药》公众号