目的 调查住院老年患者因经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC)而引发的血栓情况,并分析其影响因素,为老年患者置入PICC产生的相关性血栓(PICC-CRT)和症状性血栓的评估与干预提供借鉴。方法 在2023年1月—2023年12月期间,选取广州市第一人民医院接受PICC置管的317例住院老年患者。采用包括患者一般情况调查表、运动功能评定、肌力检测、 Barthel指数评定、Padua评分等多种工具进行综合评估。采用多因素 Logistic 回归构建 PICC-CRT 及症状性血栓的预测模型,并应用逐步回归法优化变量筛选过程。模型性能通过 ROC 曲线进行评估。结果 去除临床资料不完整的患者40例,最终纳入277例患者的完整资料,其中123例患者出现了PICC-CRT,发生率为44.40%(123/277)。血栓分级中,I级78例,Ⅱ级37例,Ⅲ级8例。无症状血栓83例,占67.48%,发生率29.96%(83/277);症状性血栓40例,占32.52 %,发生率14.44%(40/277)。单因素分析联合多因素Logistic回归显示,卒中史、凝血酶原时间(PT)、导管留置时间是住院老年患者PICC-CRT的关键因素(P<0.05),预测模型ROC曲线下面积为0.719;置管史、恶性肿瘤史、导管留置时间、置管后并发症数量是住院老年患者PICC症状性血栓的独立影响因素(P<0.05),预测模型ROC曲线下面积为0.812。结论 文章总结了PICC-CRT和症状性血栓独特的影响因素,基于关键因素构建了预测模型预测其发生,为护理人员预防PICC-CRT和症状性血栓的发生提供了参考。
Objective To explore the incidence of thrombosis associated with peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)placement in hospitalized elderly patients and to analyze its influencing factors,in order to provide a reference for the assessment and prevention of PICC-catheter related thrombosis(PICC-CRT)and symptomatic thrombosis in this population.Methods A total of 317 elderly inpatients who underwent PICC placement at a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou between January and December 2023 were enrolled.Comprehensive assessments were conducted using general patient information forms,motor function evaluation,muscle strength testing,Barthel Index,and Padua score.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to construct predictive models for PICC-CRT and symptomatic thrombosis,with variable selection optimized via stepwise regression.Model performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results After excluding 40 patients with incomplete clinical data,277 cases were included in the final analysis.Among them,123 patients developed PICC-CRT,with an incidence rate of 44.40%(123/277).Thrombosis was graded as Grade I in 78 cases,Grade II in 37 cases,and Grade III in 8 cases.Asymptomatic thrombosis occurred in 83 cases(29.96%),accounting for 67.48% of PICC-CRT;symptomatic thrombosis occurred in 40 cases(14.44%),accounting for 32.52%.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses identified history of stroke,prothrombin time(PT),and catheter dwell time as key risk factors for PICC-CRT(P<0.05),with the area under the curve(AUC)of 0.719.History of catheterization,malignancy,catheter dwell time,and number of post-catheterization complications were independent predictors of symptomatic thrombosis(P<0.05),with an AUC of 0.812.Conclusions This study identified distinct risk factors for PICC-CRT and symptomatic thrombosis in elderly inpatients.Predictive models based on key variables may provide useful references for clinical staff in preventing the occurrence of PICC-related and symptomatic thrombosis.
目的 探讨广州市公职人员中眼睑黄色瘤(XP)患病情况与生化检验指标异常的相关性。方法 从2018年来广州市干部和人才健康管理中心体检的公职人员中选取1 090例,其中筛选患XP人员545例,作为病例组,依性别、年龄分层随机抽取的未患XP的人员作为对照组,测定空腹血糖、血脂、甲状腺功能等生化指标,采用回顾性病例对照研究的方式,比较两组相关指标水平。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 XP的患病率为0.94%(男性为0.89%,女性为1.01%)。男性和女性的XP患病率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.142,P=0.143)。两组间体质量、舒张压、血脂等多项指标上的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高体质量(OR=1.021,95%CI:1.004~1.038,P=0.017)、高舒张压(OR=1.019,95%CI:1.004~1.035,P=0.011)、低高密度脂蛋白(OR=6.127,95%CI:2.568~14.619,P<0.001)、高低密度脂蛋白(OR=2.084,95%CI:1.456~2.981,P<0.001)是患病的危险因素。结论 广州市公职人员中XP的患病率男性和女性接近;高体质量、高舒张压、高密度脂蛋白水平降低、低密度脂蛋白水平升高是患XP的危险因素。
Objective To investigate the correlation between xanthelasma palpebrarum(XP)and abnormal biochemical indices in healthy individuals in Guangzhou,China.Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted,selecting 1 090 individuals from a total of 58 053 who underwent health examinations at the Guangzhou Cadre and Talent Health Management Centre in 2018.The case group consisted of 545 individuals diagnosed with XP,while the control group included age- and sex-matched individuals without XP,randomly selected from the same database.Biochemical indices analyzed included fasting blood glucose,blood lipids,liver and kidney function,thyroid indicators,body weight,and blood pressure.Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.Results The prevalence of XP was 0.94%(0.89% in men and 1.01% in women).No significant difference was observed in the prevalence of XP between men and women(χ2=2.142,P=0.143).Similarly,no significant differences were observed in thyroid-stimulating hormone(P=0.937),free triiodothyronine(P=0.216),free thyroxin(P=0.206),or fasting blood glucose levels(P=0.668)between the case and control groups.However,significant differences were noted in body weight,diastolic blood pressure,blood lipid levels,and liver and renal biochemical indicators between the two groups(P<0.05).Specifically,higher body weight(OR=1.021,95%CI:1.004–1.038,P=0.017),higher diastolic blood pressure(OR=1.019,95%CI:1.004–1.035,P=0.011),lower high-density lipoprotein(OR=6.127,95%CI:2.568–14.619,P<0.001),and higher low-density lipoprotein(OR=2.084,95%CI:1.456–2.981,P<0.001)were identified as risk factors for XP.Conclusions The prevalence of XP did not differ between males and females.However,high body weight,high diastolic blood pressure,low high-density lipoprotein,and high low-density lipoprotein are risk factors for XP.
目的:本研究旨在调查广州市重点专科建设背景下护理管理者核心能力的现状,分析其主要影响因素,为护理管理者核心能力提升策略的制定提供参考。方法:采用便利抽样法,选取广州市某区联合申报市级重点专科单位的159名护理管理者作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表和护士长岗位胜任力问卷进行调查。将搜集的数据使用 SPSS 27.0 软件进行描述性统计、独立样本 t 检验和单因素方差分析以及多元线性回归分析。结果:广州市区联合申报市级重点专科单位护理管理者综合素质总均分为(148.81±26.54)分,各维度得分从高到低依次为:个人性格特质(6.22±1.11)分、临床管理能力(6.20±1.12)分、团队影响能力(6.17±1.14)分。单因素分析显示,职称和工作职务对综合素质得分有显著影响(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析进一步表明,在控制其他变量后,年龄30-40岁组对核心能力有显著影响(P<0.05)。结论:广州市区联合申报市级重点专科单位护理管理者岗位胜任力总体处于中等偏上水平,各维度表现均衡。建议重点专科建设单位重点关注不同职务层次护理管理者的能力发展需求,进一步优化管理体系,促进区域护理管理水平的整体提升。
目的 探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后6个月内预后不良的影响因素及术前血清髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平联合检测对预后不良的预测效能。方法 前瞻性选取2023年1月~2025年1月许昌市人民医院诊治的204例AMI患者作为AMI组,另选取同期102例健康志愿者作为对照组。比较两组血清MPO、SAA、CK-MB水平。AMI组患者予以PCI术治疗,依据PCI术后6个月内(失访8例)预后情况将分为预后不良亚组(42例)和预后良好亚组(154例),比较不同预后AMI患者临床资料及术前血清MPO、SAA、CK-MB水平。分析AMI患者PCI术后6个月内预后不良的影响因素;分析术前血清MPO、SAA、CK-MB水平联合检测对预后不良的预测效能。结果 AMI组血清MPO、SAA、CK-MB水平高于对照组(P<0.05);预后不良亚组多支病变占比、Killip分级Ⅲ级占比、支架置入数、术前血清MPO、SAA、CK-MB水平高于预后良好亚组(P<0.05);校正病变支数、Killip分级、支架置入数后,术前血清MPO、SAA、CK-MB水平是AMI患者PCI术后6个月内预后不良的独立影响因素(P<0.05);术前血清MPO、SAA、CK-MB联合预测预后不良的AUC值明显高于各血清指标单度指标预测(P<0.05)。结论 AMI患者血清MPO、SAA、CK-MB水平明显升高,且是AMI患者PCI术后预后不良的独立影响因素,联合检测其水平对预后不良具有较高的预测效能。
目的 探讨老年髋部骨折术后患者跌倒恐惧的影响因素,构建个体化风险预测列线图模型并进行临床效能验。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2025年4月-2025年10月在我院骨科住院并接受手术治疗的老年髋部骨折患者227例作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、国际版跌倒效能量表、医院综合焦虑抑郁量表、社会支持评定量表、简易体能状况量表、康复自我效能量表、临床衰弱量表及肌少症筛查问卷等进行横断面调查。采用卡方检验筛选预测变量,多因素Logistic回归分析确定跌倒恐惧的独立影响因素,并基于R语言构建列线图预测模型。通过Bootstrap法进行内部验证,采用校准曲线和受试者工作特征曲线评估模型的区分度与校准度。结果 227例患者中,150例存在跌倒恐惧。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:年龄≥75岁(OR=3.28)、视力不良(OR=6.017)、焦虑抑郁(OR=3.738),衰弱(OR=3.821),肌少症(OR=2.704),康复自我效能低(OR=0.275),为患者发生跌倒恐惧的风险因素。基于上述6个预测因子构建的列线图模型,其ROC曲线下面积为0.839(95%CI:0.832-0.916),。校准曲线显示预测概率与实际发生率一致性良好(Bootstrap验证,P=0.028),DCA结果显示,当阈值概率在0.1-0.9时,该模型净收益优于假设所有患者均接受或均不接受治疗的策略。结论 本研究构建的列线图模型能有效预测老年髋部骨折术后患者发生跌倒恐惧的风险,有助于临床医护人员早期识别高危人群并进行多维度靶向干预。
摘要:目的 探讨心力衰竭患者住院期间容量管理成效及影响因素。方法 选取2024年1月—2025年12月我院收治的666例心力衰竭患者为调查对象,根据其成效将其分为有效组(n=612)和无效组(n=54)。统计两组患者临床资料及监测指标,采用单/多因素Logistic分析心力衰竭患者住院期间容量管理成效的影响因素。结果 本研究中,心力衰竭患者住院期间容量管理的有效率为91.89%(612/666)。两组年龄、病程、心功能分级及下肢水肿发生率比较(P<0.05);性别、体重指数、文化程度、吸烟史、饮酒史、基础疾病比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。干预前及干预后,两组左室射血时间、左心室做功指数、左心室做功、每搏输出量、心脏指数、心输出量及脑钠肽比较(P<0.05)。自变量设置为一般资料中对比有差异的指标包括年龄、病程、心功能分级及下肢水肿发生率、左室射血时间、左心室做功指数、左心室做功、每搏输出量、心脏指数、心输出量及脑钠肽,因变量为心力衰竭患者住院期间容量管理成效,进行单因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,心力衰竭患者住院期间容量管理成效的影响因素是年龄、心功能分级及下肢水肿发生率、左室射血时间、左心室做功指数、左心室做功、每搏输出量、心脏指数、心输出量及脑钠肽。校正年龄、性别等混杂因子,将单因素方差中对比有差异的数据纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,心力衰竭患者住院期间容量管理成效的影响因素是年龄、心功能分级及下肢水肿发生率、左室射血时间、左心室做功指数、左心室做功、心输出量及脑钠肽。结论 心力衰竭患者住院期间容量管理成效较好,心力衰竭患者住院期间容量管理成效的影响因素为年龄、心功能分级及下肢水肿发生率、左室射血时间、左心室做功指数、左心室做功、心输出量及脑钠肽。
目的:探讨年轻冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后患者康复管理行为的发展轨迹及其异质性亚组,并分析基线心理社会因素及临床特征对轨迹归属的影响,为制定精准化心脏康复管理策略提供依据。方法:采用回顾性研究设计,选取2022年1月至2025年3月在郑州大学第五附属医院心血管内科行首次PCI治疗的265例年轻冠心病患者(年龄22~45岁)为研究对象。于术后1个月(基线)、3个月、6个月、12个月采用冠心病PCI术后康复管理行为问卷进行纵向随访评估;基线时同时完成一般自我效能感量表、社会支持评定量表及医院焦虑抑郁量表测评。应用潜类别增长模型识别康复管理行为的发展轨迹,采用多元Logistic回归分析影响轨迹归属的因素。结果:年轻冠心病PCI术后患者术后1个月康复管理行为总分为(68.5±14.2)分,3个月升至(70.3±13.8)分,之后持续下降,12个月降至(63.2±18.1)分,各时间点差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。潜类别增长模型识别出3种行为发展轨迹:持续高行为组(75例,28.3%),行为始终维持高水平且无显著下降;中度下降组(120例,45.3%),行为早期尚可但逐渐下降;持续低行为组(70例,26.4%),行为起点低且下降速度最快。Pearson相关分析显示,基线康复管理行为总分与自我效能、社会支持呈正相关(r=0.523,0.452,均P<0.01),与焦虑、抑郁呈负相关(r=-0.381,-0.346,均P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,文化程度高中及以下(OR=2.15,95%CI 1.12~4.13)、合并糖尿病(OR=2.33,95%CI 1.10~4.95)、左心室射血分数<50%(OR=2.80,95%CI 1.15~6.82)及焦虑得分升高(OR=1.12,95%CI 1.01~1.24)是未维持高水平康复行为的独立危险因素(均P<0.05);自我效能得分高(OR=0.92,95%CI 0.88~0.96)及社会支持得分高(OR=0.95,95%CI 0.91~0.99)为独立保护因素(均P<0.05)。结论:年轻冠心病PCI术后患者康复管理行为整体呈先升后降趋势,且存在3种异质性发展轨迹,仅不足三成患者可长期维持高水平依从。低文化程度、合并糖尿病、心功能不全及高焦虑水平者更易归属行为低下或下降轨迹,而高自我效能、高社会支持则有助于行为维持。临床应建立基于轨迹分层的随访管理体系,对持续低行为组及中度下降组早期识别并实施针对性强化干预。
目的 调查老年脆性骨折患者术前衰弱现况,并分析影响因素。方法 采用便利抽样法, 2024年11月—2025年3月, 选取于广州市某三甲医院骨科住院的207例老年脆性骨折患者, 使用一般资料调查表、简易衰弱评估量表、简版流调中心抑郁量表、广泛性焦虑量表和营养风险筛查量表2002开展问卷调查。采用有序分类Logistic回归, 分析老年脆性骨折患者术前衰弱的影响因素。结果 207例老年脆性骨折患者的术前衰弱前期占48.3%, 衰弱发生率为23.2%。有序分类Logistic 回归分析结果显示年龄(OR=1.131)、睡眠差(OR=2.557)、合并3种及以上慢性病(OR=3.990)、抑郁(OR=3.296)、营养不良风险(OR=4.005)为老年脆性骨折患者术前衰弱的危险因素,BMI正常(OR=0.206)是保护因素(均P<0.05)。结论 老年脆性骨折患者年龄, 睡眠情况, 多种共病,抑郁, 存在营养不良风险及BMI影响其术前衰弱水平, 重视衰弱的筛查及早期干预, 提升患者治疗效果和生活质量。
Objective To explore the preoperative frailty status and influencing factors in elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures.Methods Using convenience sampling, 207 elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures admitted to the orthopedic department of a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou from November 2024 to March 2025 were selected.Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Frail Scale, the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D-10), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7), and the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002(NRS-2002).Logistic regression was used to analyze factors influencing preoperative frailty.Results Among 207 elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures, the incidence of early stages of frailty was 48.3%, and the incidence of frailty was 23.2%.Logistic regression analysis revealed the following risk factors for preoperative frailty:age(OR=1.131), poor sleep quality(OR=2.557), multiple chronic comorbidities(OR=3.990), depression(OR=3.296), nutritional risk(OR=4.005).Normal body mass index(OR=0.206)was a protective factor.Conclusions Advanced age,poor sleep quality, multiple chronic comorbidities, depression, nutritional risk and body mass index are associated with frailty in elderly osteoporotic fracture patients.Health care providers should pay attention to frailty screening and early intervention, which can reverse or delay the progression of frailty and improve the treatment effect and quality of life of patients.
目的 调查老年人照护服务需求现状并分析其影响因素,为构建基于需求为导向的老年照护服务体系提供参考依据。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取广州市某三甲医院212名老年人作为调查对象,采用日常生活能力量表、Fried衰弱评估量表及自行编制的老年人需求评估问卷进行调查。结果 老年人对运动与营养(1.96±0.90分)、心理慰藉(2.63±0.85分)、安宁服务(2.73±1.07分)的需求水平较高。多因素线性回归分析结果显示养老方式、日常生活活动能力、爱好数量、性别、衰弱等级、有无主要照顾者是照护服务需求的影响因素(P均<0.05),可解释61.5%的变异量。结论 老年人的照护服务需求受多种因素的影响。应根据老年人的不同特征,构建供需匹配的多元化,多层次照护体系。
Objective To investigate the status quo of care service needs of the elderly and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide a reference for the construction of a needs-oriented care service system for the elderly.Methods A total of 212 elderly people from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou were selected by convenience sampling method and investigated with the Activity of Daily Living scale,Fried frailty scale and the self-designed elderly needs assessment questionnaire.Results Elderly patients had higher demands for exercise,nutrition,psychological comfort and hospice services.The results of multivariate analysis showed that the influencing factors of care service demand included pension style,activities of daily living,number of hobbies,gender,frailty level,and having main caregivers(all P<0.05),which could explain 61.5% of the variation.Conclusions The care needs of elderly patients are affected by many factors.A diversified and multi-level care system with matching supply and demand should be constructed according to the different characteristics of the elderly.
目的 识别经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后恐动症患者抑郁、焦虑和压力的影响因素。方法 采用横断面研究,纳入780例行PCI术后恐动症患者。应用系列量表评估恐动症患者的不良心理健康状况、生活质量、自我感受负担、社会支持和运动自我效能,并通过问卷收集了患者的社会人口学数据。线性回归和Logistic回归用于识别抑郁、焦虑和压力等不良心理状态的影响因素,应用中介分析探索潜在的中介机制。结果 271例(34.7%)、304例(39.0%)和153例(19.6%)恐动症患者存在不同程度的抑郁、焦虑和压力。恐动症患者的抑郁、焦虑和压力水平呈正相关。线性回归和Logistic分析结果表明,较高的家庭月收入与较高的抑郁水平相关(线性回归:β为0.908和1.937;Logistic:OR为2.05和5.47),社会支持程度与抑郁水平呈负相关(线性回归:β=-0.079;Logistic:OR=0.93)。单身/离异/寡居患者的焦虑水平显著高于已婚患者(线性回归:β=1.613;Logistic:OR=2.28)。与家庭月收入低于5 000元者相比,家庭月收入为5 000~10 000元之间的患者的压力水平较高(线性回归:β=1.065;Logistic:OR=3.14)。此外,自我感受负担较重的患者具有更高的压力水平(线性回归:β=0.077;Logistic:OR=1.05)。中介分析结果表明,焦虑和压力是社会支持/自我感受负担与抑郁之间关联的潜在中介因子。结论 PCI术后恐动症患者广泛存在心理健康问题,其家庭月收入、年龄、婚姻状况、生活方式和病史等因素对患者的不良心理健康状态具有显著影响。医务人员应关注这些患者的心理健康状况及影响因素,制定综合管理策略以改善其预后。
Objective To identify the risk factors associated with depression,anxiety and stress in patients with kinesiophobia after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods In this cross-sectional study,780 patients who developed kinesiophobia after undergoing PCI were enrolled.A series of scales were used to assess the psychological health status,quality of life,self-perceived burden,social support,and exercise self-efficacy of patients with kinesiophobia,and socio-demographic data of the patients were collected through a questionnaire.Linear regression analyses and Logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors of adverse psychological outcomes,including depression,anxiety,and stress.Furthermore,mediation analysis was employed to explore the potential mediating mechanisms.Results Among the 780 patients with kinesiophobia,271(34.7%),304(39.0%)and 153(19.6%)were found to have varying degrees of depression,anxiety,and stress,respectively.The levels of depression,anxiety and stress in patients with kinesiophobia were positively correlated with each other.The results of both linear regression and Logistic regression analyses indicated that higher levels of family monthly income were associated with higher levels of depression(linear:β=0.908 and 1.937;Logistic:OR=2.05 and 5.47),while the degree of social support was negatively correlated with depression levels(linear:β=-0.079;Logistic:OR=0.93).For patients who were single,divorced or widowed,their levels of anxiety were significantly higher than those of married patients(linear:β=1.613;Logistic:OR=2.28).Compared to patients with a monthly household income of less than 5 000 yuan,those with a monthly income between 5 000 and 10 000 yuan reported higher levels of stress(linear:β=1.065;Logistic:OR=3.14).Additionally,patients who perceived a higher personal burden also experienced greater stress(linear:β=0.077;Logistic:OR=1.05).Mediation analysis indicated that anxiety and stress were potential mediating factors in the relationship between social support/self-perceived burden and depression.Conclusions This study reported the widespread psychological health issues among patients with kinesiophobia after PCI and the interactions between these issues.Factors such as monthly household income,age,marital status,lifestyle and medical history were found to be significantly associated with these negative psychological outcomes.Clinicians and nurses should focus on the psychological health and influencing factors of these patients and develop comprehensive management strategies to improve their prognosis.