论著

基于 NHANES 数据库中年人群血清同型半胱氨酸水平与肾功能下降的阈值效应分析

Threshold effect of serum homocysteine level on kidney function decline among middle-aged adults in America based on NHANES database

:1061-1068
 
       目的   血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与慢性肾脏病(CKD)的进展相关,但中年人群的非线性关联研究较少,本研究旨在寻找慢性肾脏病危险因素。方法   本研究基于NHANES 1996—2006年数据,纳入5 361例45~65岁参与者,以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)<60 mL/(min·1.73 m2 )和尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(uACR)≥30 mg/g评估肾功能下降。结果   通过逻辑回归及平滑曲线拟合分析发现,Hcy每升高1 µmol/L,eGFR降低的风险增加8%(OR=1.08,95%CI1.06~1.10),uACR升高的风险增加2%(OR=1.02,95%CI:1.00~1.04)。非线性分析显示,Hcy对eGFR的阈值效应拐点为13.4 µmol/L(拐点左侧OR=1.59,95%CI:1.49~1.70;右侧无显著关联)。亚组分析表明,性别、高血压、糖尿病等协变量无交互作用,然而,在敏感性分析中,糖尿病患者中Hcy与eGFR降低的关联更强(交互P=0.015 8)。结论   本研究提示,控制Hcy水平或可延缓美国中年人群(尤其是糖尿病患者)的肾功能衰退。
        Objective   Elevated serum homocysteine(Hcy)levels are linked to chronic kidney disease(CKD)progression,yet the nonlinear relationship in middle-aged populations remains underexplored.Methods  This  study analyzed data from 5 361 participants aged 45–65 years in the NHANES 1996–2006 cohort.Renal dysfunction was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)<60 mL/min/1.73 m2  and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio(uACR)≥30 mg/g.Results  Logistic regression and smoothed curve fitting revealed that each 1 µmol/L increase in Hcy elevated the risk of reduced eGFR by 8%(OR=1.08,95% CI:1.06–1.10)and uACR by 2%(OR=1.02,95% CI:1.00–1.04).A nonlinear threshold effect was identified at 13.4 µmol/L,with a stronger association below this threshold(OR=1.59,95% CI:1.49–1.70)and no significant effect above it.Subgroup analyses showed no interactions with gender or hypertension,but a stronger Hcy-eGFR association was observed in diabetics(interaction P=0.0158).Conclusions  These findings suggest that controlling Hcy levels may mitigate renal decline,particularly in diabetic populations,warranting further causal investigations.
论著

支气管镜灌洗对儿童重症肺部感染合并肺实变的应用效果及对 CT 特征、肺功能影响

Application effects of bronchoalveolar lavage in children with severe pulmonary infection complicated by lung consolidation and its impact on CT features and pulmonary function

:951-956
 
       目的   探讨支气管镜灌洗用于儿童重症肺部感染合并肺实变的治疗效果及对CT特征、肺功能的影响。法   选取2022年5月—2024年5月铜仁市人民医院收治的100例重症肺部感染合并肺实变患儿开展前瞻性研究,应用随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各50例。对照组患儿采取常规治疗,观察组则采取常规治疗加支气管镜灌洗治疗。对比其临床疗效,治疗前后炎症因子、CT特征及肺功能变化。结果   观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组患儿白细胞计数(10.36±2.52)×109 /L、白细胞介素-6(20.57±5.05)ng/L、C反应蛋白(13.12±2.64)mg/L、降钙素原(101.62±12.16)pg/L均低于对照组白细胞计数(13.25±3.32)×109 /L、白细胞介素-6(31.69±4.11)ng/L、C反应蛋白(16.16±4.44)mg/L、降钙素原(113.46±18.11)pg/L(P<0.05);治疗后两组患儿胸腔积液、支气管壁增厚、空气支气管征、肺部实变、磨玻璃影等相关CT影像特征占比下降,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组患儿呼气流量峰值水平均升高,观察组(90.67±18.45)L/s高于对照组(81.27±17.69)L/s,用力肺活量水平均更高,观察组(3.33±0.68)L高于对照组(2.68±0.25)L(P<0.05)。结论   针对儿童重症肺部感染合并肺实变,在常规治疗基础上增加支气管镜灌洗可提升临床疗效,减轻机体炎症反应,改善胸部CT各种表现及肺功能。
        Objective  To explore the therapeutic effects of bronchoalveolar lavage in children with  severe pulmonary infection complicated by lung consolidation and its impact on CT features and pulmonary function.Methods A prospective study was conducted on 100 children with severe pulmonary infection complicated with pulmonary consolidation in a hospital from May 2022 to May 2024.They were randomly divided into observation group and control group using a random number table method,50 cases in each group.The control group of children received routine treatment,and the observation group received conventional treatment plus bronchoalvelar lavage.Clinical efficacy,inflammatory factors,CT features,and alterations in pulmonary function before and after therapy were compared.Results  The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the white blood cell count(10.36±2.52)×109 /L,interleukin-6(20.57±5.05)ng/L,C-reactive protein(13.12±2.64)mg/L,and procalcitonin(101.62±12.16)pg/L in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group(13.25±3.32)×109 /L,interleukin-6(31.69±4.11)ng/L,C-reactive protein(16.16±4.44)mg/L,and procalcitonin(113.46±18.11)pg/L(P<0.05).After treatment,the proportion of CT imaging features such as pleural effusion,bronchial wall thickening,air bronchogram sign,lung consolidation,ground glass opacities,decreased in both groups of children,and the observation group was lower than the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the peak levels of expiratory flow in both groups of children increased,with the observation group(90.67±18.45)L/s higher than the control group(81.27±17.69)L/s.The forced vital capacity levels were also higher,with the observation group(3.33±0.68)L higher than the control group(2.68±0.25)L(P<0.05).Conclusions  Adding bronchoalvelar lavage to routine treatment for children with severe pulmonary infection complicated with pulmonary consolidation can improve their clinical efficacy,alleviate inflammatory reactions,and improve various chest CT manifestations and lung function.
论著

节律性听觉刺激对偏瘫患者步行功能的改善

Improvement of walking function in patients with hemiplegia by rhythmic auditory stimulation

:793-797
 
       目的   探讨节律性听觉刺激对偏瘫患者步行功能的改善效果。方法   选择2022年1月—2023年12月河南中医药大学第五临床医学院收治的81例偏瘫患者,使用随机数表法将患者分为两组,对照组41例采取常规康复训练,观察组40例在常规康复训练基础上实施节律性听觉刺激,比较两组康复效果、Fugl-Meyer功能改善评定量表(FMA)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、日常生活自理能力(ADL)、Holden步行能力、“起立-行走”计时测试(TUGT)、步态特征。结果   观察组总有效率为95.00%,高于对照组的75.61%(χ 2 =6.032,P=0.014)。干预后,观察组FMA评分、BBS评分、ADL评分比对照组更高(t=5.564、4.377、4.949,P<0.001)。干预后,观察组Holden步行能力评分比对照组更高,TUGT比对照组更低t=3.953、5.184,P<0.001)。干预后,观察组步长、步频、步速高于对照组(t=5.417、5.514、7.140,P<0.001)。论   偏瘫患者康复训练中实施节律性听觉刺激可提高康复效果,促使肌力改善,恢复正常的上下肢活动功能,提高患者的平衡能力和步行能力。
       Objective  To explore the effect of  rhythmic auditory stimulation on the improvement of walking function in patients with hemiplegia.Methods  A total of 81 patients with hemiplegia admitted to the hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected for the study,and were divided into two groups by random number table method.The control group(41 cases)received routine rehabilitation training,and the observation group(40 cases)received  rhythmic auditory stimulation on the basis of routine rehabilitation training.The rehabilitation effects,Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA),Berg Balance Scale(BBS),Ability of Daily Living(ADL),Holden walking ability,Timed Up and Go Test(TUGT),and gait characteristics were compared between the two groups.Results  The total effective rate of 95.00% in the observation group was significantly higher than 75.61% in the control group(χ 2 =6.032,P=0.014).After treatment,FMA scores,BBS scores and ADL scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(t=5.564,4.377,4.949,P<0.001).After treatment,the observation group had a higher Holden walking ability score and a lower TUGT score than the control group(t=3.953,5.184,P<0.001).After treatment,the step length,step frequency and step speed in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group(t=5.417,5.514,7.140,P<0.001).Conclusions  The implementation of rhythmic auditory stimulation in rehabilitation training of hemiplegia patients can improve the rehabilitation effect,promote the improvement of muscle strength,restore normal activities of upper and lower extremity,improve balance ability and walking ability,which is worth promoting.
论著

功能性经口摄食分级的吞咽管理对高龄吞咽障碍患者的应用效果

Application effect of Functional Oral Intake Scale swallowing management on elderly patients with swallowing disorders

:775-781
 
       目的  探讨功能性经口摄食分级的吞咽管理对高龄吞咽障碍患者的应用效果。方法  选取2022年5月—2024年5月暨南大学附属广州市红十字会医院收治的80例高龄吞咽障碍患者作为研究对象,应用随机数字表法将其分为观察组与对照组,各40例。对照组患者实施常规干预,观察组实施功能性经口摄食分级的吞咽管理干预,对比两组患者干预效果、干预前后的吞咽功能与营养状况、吞咽障碍相关并发症发生率,以及干预前后两组生活质量变化。结果  观察组总有效率为92.50%,高于对照组的72.50%(χ 2 =5.541,P=0.019);两组干预后综合性营养评估法(SGA)、进食评估问卷调查工具-10(EAT-10)评分均降低,且观察组[(6.62±1.24)(15.26±3.42)分]低于对照组[(10.85±2.32)(23.51±4.37)分],对比差异有统计学意义(t分别为10.170、9.403,P<0.05);观察组吞咽障碍相关并发症发生率17.50%低于对照组42.50%(χ 2 =5.952,P=0.015);两组干预后生活质量综合评定量表(GQOLI-74)相关维度物质评分均升高,且观察组患者GQOLI-74相关维度物质生活(16.62±2.24)、心理功能(18.26±4.42)分、社会功能(21.62±3.66)分、躯体功能(23.26±4.37)分均高于对照组[(13.25±3.32)(13.51±2.37)(15.26±2.35)(16.62±3.73)]分,对比差异有统计学意义(t分别为5.322、5.990、9.248、7.309,P<0.05)。结论  功能性经口摄食分级的吞咽管理对高龄吞咽障碍患者干预效果显著,且可提升其吞咽功能,改善营养状况,同时可辅助降低吞咽障碍相关并发症发生率,提高患者生活质量。
       Objective  To explore the application effect of Functional Oral Intake Scale(FOIS)swallowing management on elderly patients with swallowing disorders.Methods  A total of 80 elderly patients with dysphagia admitted to the Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University from May 2022 to May 2024 were selected as research subjects.They were divided into an observation group and a control group,with 40 cases in each group,using a random number table method.The control group received routine intervention,while the observation group received FOIS swallowing management intervention.The intervention effects were compared between the two groups,including pre and post intervention,swallowing function and nutritional status,incidence of swallowing related complications,and changes in quality of life before and after the intervention.Results  The total effective rate of the observation group was 92.50%,which was higher than the 72.50% of control group(χ 2 =5.541,P=0.019).After the intervention,the comprehensive nutrition assessment(SGA)and the feeding assessment instrument-10(EAT-10)were decreased,and the observation group ([6.62±1.24]and[15.26±3.42]) were lower than the control group ([10.85±2.32]and[23.51±4.37]),and the comparative difference was statistically significant(t=10.170,9.403,P<0.05).The incidence of complications related to swallowing disorders in the observation group was 17.50%,lower than that in the control group was 42.50%(χ 2 =5.952,P=0.015).After intervention,the scores of GQOLI-74 related dimensions were increased in both groups.In addition,GQOLI-74 related dimensions of material life(16.62±2.24)scores,psychological function(18.26±4.42)scores,social function(21.62±3.66)scores,physical function(23.26±4.37)scores in observation group were higher than those in control group ([13.25±3.32],[13.51±2.37],[15.26±2.35],[16.62±3.73]),and the difference was statistically significant(t=5.322,5.990,9.248,7.309,P<0.05).Conclusions  The swallowing management of FOIS has a significant intervention effect on elderly patients with swallowing disorders,and can improve their swallowing function,nutritional status,and assist in reducing the incidence of swallowing disorder related complications,thereby improving the quality of life of patients.
专家述评

焦虑症与抑制性神经元功能:小清蛋白神经元的作用

The role of parvalbumin positive inhibitory neurons in anxiety disorders

:723-734
 
       焦虑症是最常见的精神障碍,区别于生理性焦虑,患者常表现出持续的焦虑状态。越来越多证据表明,抑制性神经元参与生理性焦虑的产生和消退,而这类神经元功能异常与焦虑症的发生密切相关。小清蛋白(PV)神经元是一类主要的抑制性中间神经元,广泛分布于大脑皮质和其他脑区,并且具有独特形态和功能。PV神经元可通过快速放电活动精确控制局部微环路和大脑网络活动,进而调控焦虑发生。文章综述PV神经元如何介导生理性焦虑及其功能异常及如何导致焦虑症的产生,重点介绍了PV神经元的解剖和功能特性,这些特性使它们拥有快速和强力的抑制作用,能够快速调控神经网络活动,和PV神经元以及相关的神经环路调控焦虑发生的环路机制,以及PV神经元调控焦虑发生的分子机制,并展望未来的研究方向,以期为开发新的焦虑症干预策略提供科学依据。
       Anxiety disorders,distinct from physiological anxiety,are characterized by a chronic and pervasive state of heightened anxiety and represent the most common mental diseases.Emerging evidence implicates inhibitory neurons in both the generation and extinction of physiological anxiety,with dysfunction in these neurons strongly associated with the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders.Among inhibitory neurons,parvalbumin(PV)-positive interneuron,a key subset with unique morphological and functional characteristics,are widely distributed across the cerebral cortex and various brain regions.These neurons exert rapid,potent inhibitory control over local microcircuits and broader neural networks through their fast-spiking activity,making them integral to the regulation of anxiety-related behaviors.This review highlights three key aspects:the anatomical and functional properties of PV neurons;their role in circuit mechanisms;the molecular pathways by which PV neurons regulate anxiety.By elucidating the role of PV neurons in modulating physiological anxiety and highlighting their dysfunction in anxiety disorders,this review aims to inform future research and foster the development of novel therapeutic interventions for anxiety disorders.
论著

运动干预联合治疗性聆听对孤独症谱系障碍儿童社会交往功能的影响

The effect of exercise intervention combined with therapeutic listening on social communication function inchildren with autism spectrum disorder

:403-409
 
       目的   探讨运动干预联合治疗性聆听对孤独症谱系障碍儿童社会交往功能的影响。方法   选取黄河三门峡医院2020年1月—2023年10月收治的100例孤独症患儿,应用随机数字表法分为两组,各50例。对照组患儿实施常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上增加运动干预联合治疗性聆听。分别在干预前及干预6个月后采用孤独症治疗评价量表(ATEC)、儿童感觉统合发展评定量表、格塞尔发育量表(GDS)及中国韦氏儿童智力量表(WISC-R)评价两组患儿社会交往能力、感觉统合发展水平、神经发育水平及智力水平变化。结果   干预后两组患儿的ATEC各部分评分,包括健康/生理/行为、感知/认知能力、社交能力、语言表达/沟通能力及ATEC总分均降低,观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);干预后两组患儿学习能力发展、本体感觉、触觉防御、前庭功能及儿童感觉统合发展评定量表总分均升高,观察组高于对照组P<0.05);干预后两组患儿动作能、应物能、言语能、应人能相关神经发育情况评分均升高,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后两组患儿言语智商、操作智商、总智商相关WISC-R评分均升高,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。  运动干预联合治疗性聆听对孤独症谱系障碍儿童应用效果显著,可提升其社会交往能力,促进感觉统合发展,进而促进其神经发育及智力水平提升。
       Objective  To  explore the  effect  of  exercise intervention  combined with therapeutic listening  on  social communication function in children with autism spectrum disorder.Methods  A total of 100 autistic children who were admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to October 2023 were selected and divided into two groups by random number table method,with 50 children each.The control group received routine care,while the observation group  received exercise intervention combined with therapeutic listening in addition to routine care.The Autism Treatment Evaluation Scale (ATEC),Children’s Sensory Integration Development Scale,Gesell Development Scale,and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised by China (WISC-R)were used before and 6 months after the intervention to evaluate the social communication ability,sensory integration development level,neural development level,and intellectual level changes of the two groups of children.Results  After intervention,the score of every dimension in ATEC including the health/physiology/behavior,perception/cognitive ability,social ability,language expression/communication ability,and total ATEC score of the two groups of children decreased,and the observation group was lower than the control group (P<0.05).After intervention,the total scores of the learning ability development insufficient,proprioceptive dysfunction,excessive tactile defense,vestibular dysfunction,and children’s sensory integration development assessment scale in both groups of children increased,with the observation group being higher than the control group (P<0.05).After intervention,the neurological development scores related to motor,adapt,language,and social ability in both groups of children increased,and the observation group was higher than the control group (P<0.05).After intervention,the WISC-R scores related to verbal intelligence,operational intelligence,and total intelligence in both groups of children increased,and the observation group was higher than the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions  The combination of exercise intervention and therapeutic listening has asignificant effect on children with autism spectrum disorder,which can enhance their social communication ability,promote sensory integration development,and ultimately promote their neural development and intellectual level improvement.
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