目的 分析对比肺部受累的惠普尔病与初治菌阴肺结核患者的临床特征,提高对肺部受累的惠普尔病的认识、诊断及鉴别水平。方法 回顾性收集20例肺部受累的惠普尔病为病例组,并随机选取同期56例初治菌阴肺结核患者为对照组进行对比,探讨肺部受累的惠普尔病的临床特征。结果 病例组中老年（>37岁）、急性或亚急性的病程比例高于对照组（P<0.05）。CT影像学中,从病灶分布来看,病例组的病灶分布在下叶的病例比例高于对照组（P<0.05）,病灶分布在上叶的病例比例低于对照组（P<0.05）;从形态上看,病例组中表现为网状病灶、间质性肺炎的比例高于对照组（P<0.05）,病例组中表现为空洞、纤维条索、实性影、结节影、树芽征、肺门淋巴结肿大的比例低于对照组（P<0.05）,而性别、合并免疫力低下疾病、咳嗽、咳痰、发热、咳血、关节痛、腹泻等在组间比较差异均无统计学意义。病例组全部病例的肺泡灌洗液宏基因测序结果显示：惠普尔养障体是唯一菌19例（95.0%）或主要菌1例（5.00%,合并结核菌1序列）,而对照组肺泡灌洗液宏基因测序结果显示：21例（37.5%）检测出结核分枝杆菌（TB）复合群是唯一菌或主要致病菌,18例TB-RNA（+）,15例TB-LAMP（+）。结论 惠普尔病在临床可表现为急性或亚急性病程,好发中老年男性,以发热和（或）呼吸道症状为主,可伴或不伴有腹泻、关节痛;肺部影像学以下肺网状、间质性肺炎改变为主,可以单独累及肺部;与初治菌阴肺结核患者临床症状极其相似。应尽快完善支气管镜检查,肺泡灌洗液的宏基因检测对早期、快速诊断此病尤为重要。

Objective To analyze and compare the clinical features of patients with pulmonary involvement of Whipple disease and primary treated bacteriological negative pulmonary tuberculosis,so as to improve the recognition,diagnosis and differentiation ability of pulmonary involvement of Whipple disease．Methods Clinical features of Whipple disease with pulmonary involvement were investigated by retrospectively collecting 20 cases as a case group,comparing with 56 randomly selected patients with primary treated bacteriological negative pulmonary tuberculosis as a control group during the same period．Results The case group had a significantly higher proportion of older patients（>37 years）,acute or subacute disease courses than the control group （P<0.05）．On CT imaging,in terms of lesion distribution,the proportion of cases with lesions in the lower lobe was significantly more in the case group than in the control group（P<0.05）,and the ratio of cases with lesions in the upper lobe was considerably less than in the control group（P<0.05）．Regarding morphology,significantly more of the case group showed reticular lesions and interstitial pneumonia than the control group（P<0.05）．Significantly fewer of the case group showed cavities,fibrous bands,solid shadows,nodular shadows,tree-bud signs,and enlarged hilar lymph nodes than the control group（P<0.05）．No statistically significant differences existed between the two groups in gender,combined immunocompromising diseases,cough,sputum,fever,coughing up blood,arthralgia or diarrhea. At the same time,the differences of gender,combined immunocompromised disease,cough,sputum,fever,coughing up blood,arthralgia,and diarrhea were not statistically significant．The metagenomic sequencing of alveolar lavage fluid in the case group revealed Tropheryma whipplei as the sole pathogenic bacteria in 19 cases（95%）or the primary pathogenic bacteria in 1 case（5.00%,combined TB 1 sequence）．In contrast,metagenomic sequencing of alveolar lavage fluid in the control group detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex as the sole or primary pathogenic bacteria in 21 cases（37.5%）,TB-RNA（+）in 18 cases and TB-LAMP（+）in 15 cases．Conclusions Clinical presentation in Whipple disease can be of an acute or subacute course,preferably in middle-aged and older men,with fever or/and respiratory symptoms,either with or without diarrhea and arthralgia．Its pulmonary imaging dominates with reticular,interstitial pneumonia changes in the lower lungs,which can involve the lungs alone in the disease．At the same time,the clinical symptoms are highly similar to those patients with primary treated bacteriological negative pulmonary tuberculosis．Therefore,it is vital to complete bronchoscopy and metagenomic sequencing of alveolar lavage fluid as soon as possible for early and rapid diagnosis of this Whipple disease．Treatment with sensitive antibacterial drugs can result in significant improvement and save patients' lives．

目的 探讨慢性淋巴细胞白血病（CLL）合并第二肿瘤临床特征和预后。方法 回顾性分析2015年8月—2021年10月我院收治的58例CLL患者,其中有11例合并第二肿瘤,47例无合并第二肿瘤,分析两组病例的临床特征及其对预后的影响。结果 CLL合并第二肿瘤和无合并第二肿瘤患者在年龄、性别、白细胞计数、血红蛋白水平、淋巴细胞计数、血小板计数、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、β₂-微球蛋白（β₂-MG）水平、分期、单个基因缺失类型之间比较差异无统计学意义,但CLL合并第二肿瘤患者基因缺失个数较无合并第二肿瘤CLL患者组高（χ²=11.17,P=0.03）,且总生存期较短。结论 CLL合并第二肿瘤患者常伴有多个基因缺失,且预后差,当CLL患者伴有多个基因缺失时,在诊治过程中需警惕有无合并第二肿瘤。

Objective To investigate the prognosis and clinical characteristics of chronic lymphocytic leukemia（CLL）patients with second tumor．Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 58 cases of CLL patients who were diagnosed in our hospital from August 2015 to October 2021．The clinical data of 11 CLL patients with second cancer and 47 CLL patients without second cancer were compared and analyzed．Results There were no significant differences in age,sex,white blood cell count,lymphocyte count,platelet count,the level of serum β₂-microglobulin and lactate dehydrogenase between two groups．However,in CLL patients with second cancer,the incidence of multiple genetic deletions was higher than those without second cancer（χ² =11.17,P =0.03）．The overall survival time was shorter in CLL patients with second primary cancer．Conclusions CLL patients with second tumor have a frequent multiple gene deletions and poor prognosis．Physicians should pay attention to second cancers when diagnosing the CLL patients with multiple gene deletions．

目的 分析药物性牙龈增生（DGO）治疗中半导体激光及牙周基础治疗的应用效果,以期进一步提升DGO治疗有效性,促使患者快速康复。方法 分析于我院进行治疗的88例DGO患者基本资料,按照入院顺序使用奇偶号法将其等分为各44例的对照组和研究组,予对照组患者实施常规牙周基础治疗,予研究组患者实施牙周基础治疗联合半导体激光治疗,对比2组治疗相关数据。结果 治疗前2组患者牙龈增生指数（GHI）比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,经过治疗,研究组患者各阶段GHI均低于对照组,差异存在统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗前2组患者龈沟出血指数（SBI）、探诊深度（PD）以及菌斑指数（PLI）比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,经过治疗研究组各项治疗评分均比对照组更为理想,差异存在统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后研究组总有效率为97.73%,对照组总有效率为81.82%,差异存在统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 对DGO患者实施牙周基础治疗下的半导体激光干预能够在更大程度上改善患者病情,同时缩短治疗周期,提升治疗总有效率,应用效果理想,可在临床推广使用。

目的 分析接受自体动静脉内瘘（AVF）维持性血液透析（MHD）尿毒症患者AVF使用寿命的影响因素,以期为临床延长AVF使用寿命提供可参考依据。方法 选取我院2019年1月—2021年2月期间收治的接受AVF的367例MHD尿毒症患者为研究对象,随访1年,统计AVF功能丧失状况,将AVF功能丧失患者纳入丧失组,AVF通畅患者纳入通畅组,分析AVF使用寿命的影响因素。结果 随访1年,AVF通畅率为80.65%（296/367）,功能丧失率为19.35%（71/367）;不同糖尿病、血液透析中低血压（IDH）、血磷、低密度脂蛋白、钙磷乘积、高凝倾向、前壁动静脉内径、血肿状况为AVF MHD尿毒症患者的AVF寿命存在差异（P<0.05）;经COX回归模型分析显示,糖尿病、IDH、血磷≥2.04 mmol/L、低密度脂蛋白>2.38 mmol/L、高凝倾向、血肿、前壁动静脉内径<2 mm为AVF MHD尿毒症患者AVF功能丧失的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 AVF MHD尿毒症患者AVF使用寿命受糖尿病、IDH、血磷≥2.04 mmol/L、低密度脂蛋白>2.38 mmol/L、高凝倾向、血肿、前壁动静脉内径<2 mm等因素影响,临床可针对性制定干预措施以延长AVF使用寿命。

目的 分析儿童肺炎支原体肺炎（MPP）合并EB病毒（EBV）感染的临床表现及危险因素,以期进一步提升疾病预防及治疗有效率。方法 分析2020年4月—2022年4月间于我院进行入院治疗的MPP合并EBV感染患儿基本资料,选择84例进行研究,另选择单一EBV感染患儿作为对照组,对比两组患儿临床表现差异及各项指标,分析合并感染的危险因素。结果 一般资料上,研究组患儿低体质量、免疫力低下、流行病接触史占比均高于对照组,数据差异存在统计学意义（P<0.05）;临床表现上,研究组患儿高热、发热时间≥10 d、呼吸困难、胸腔积液、侵犯多肺叶占比及白细胞、淋巴细胞指标均高于对照组,血小板、Hb低于对照组,数据差异存在统计学意义（P<0.05）;经多因素分析发现,低体质量、免疫力低下、流行病接触史、高热、发热时间≥10 d、呼吸困难、胸腔积液、侵犯多肺叶、白细胞、血小板、Hb、淋巴细胞是MPP合并EBV感染的重要危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 儿童MPP合并EBV感染临床病症表现明显,且相较于单一EBV感染症状更为严重,医务人员需要根据患儿表现及相关危险因素及时予以准确诊断,对患儿实施针对性有效治疗,提升疾病治疗有效率。

目的 观察广州花都地区新冠疫情发生前后呼吸道肺炎支原体（MP）感染的流行病学特征,分析2018年—2019年（疫情前）和2020年—2021年（疫情后）期间的流行病学特点,为降低本地区的MP感染提供预防医学依据。方法 收集2018年1月—2021年12月于广州市中西医结合医院就诊的呼吸道感染患者51 005例,采用胶体金法检测血Mp- IgM抗体,对疫情前后年度、季节、性别和年龄段MP感染情况进行回顾性分析。结果 51 005例呼吸道感染患者中,MP感染总阳性率12.03%（6 134/5 1005）,新冠疫情发生前（2018—2019）阳性率为19.11%（5 161/27 010）,高于新冠疫情后（2020—2021）MP阳性率为4.06%（973/23 995）（χ²=2 721.32,P<0.001）。2018年和2019年（疫情前）不同季节MP检出率分别为：春季11.87%和17.76%,夏季13.26%和22.21%,秋季17.93%和24.59%,冬季14.20%和14.47%,以夏秋季阳性率高于春季和冬季;疫情后两年四季MP感染率均低于疫情前（P<0.001）,春季和冬季阳性率略高于夏秋季节。4年来呼吸道感染患者中MP感染率男性（13.87%）与女性（14.09%）比较差异无统计学意义。且疫情前（18.91%,19.28%）显著高于疫情后（2.49%,2.69%）,同时期不同性别阳性率比较差异无统计学意义。婴幼儿组（0~6岁）,学龄儿童组（>6~14岁）,青少年组（>14~30岁）,中青年组（>30~60岁）及老年组（>60岁）MP阳性检出率分别为20.89%、29.98%、9.29%、5.55%和4.57%,不同年龄组间MP感染率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,以学龄期儿童多见,其次为婴幼儿。结论 新冠疫情前后4年MP感染流行特点为：新冠疫情前后MP感染无性别差异;学龄期儿童和婴幼儿是高发人群;一年四季均可发病,疫情前两年夏秋季高发,疫情后两年四季发病率均较低且差异变小;新冠疫情下广州花都地区MP感染率显著低于疫情前,2019-nCov防控措施（佩戴口罩等）也减少了MP感染。

目的 探讨K点刺激联合吞咽-摄食管理下颅脑外伤术后吞咽障碍患者康复的影响因素。方法 采用回顾性分析法,收集K点刺激联合吞咽-摄食管理下的516例颅脑外伤术后吞咽障碍患者临床资料,根据吞咽障碍疗效分为有效组和无效组,采用Logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果 516例患者中,有效者479例,占92.93%;无效者37例,占7.17%。2组在性别、年龄、文化程度、有无慢性病、有无留置鼻饲管、鼻饲管留置天数方面比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;在吞咽障碍分级、有无并发症、管理依从性和知识掌握程度比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,吞咽障碍分级、有无并发症、管理依从性和知识掌握程度是影响康复效果的独立危险因素（OR分别为6.455、0.011、1.074、0.084,P<0.001）。结论 吞咽障碍分级、有无并发症、管理依从性和知识掌握程度是K点刺激联合吞咽-摄食管理下颅脑外伤术后吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能康复的影响因素,神经外科医护人员应根据上述因素制定干预措施,以进一步提高干预效果,改善患者生活质量。

目的 探索基于患者居家护理服务需求且以三甲医院为实施主体的“互联网+护理服务”模式,以期为“互联网+护理服务”的开展提供借鉴。方法 成立“互联网+护理服务”小组,基于患者需求进行平台建设,组建“互联网+护理服务”团队,经过同质化培训持证上岗,提供专科护理、母婴护理以及基础护理共25项服务内容。服务结束后,调查患者对“互联网+护理服务”的满意度。结果 截至2022年10月,该平台注册护士438名,注册患者1 000人。共开展“互联网+护理服务”居家护理服务841人次,排名前三位的服务项目是母婴护理、留置/更换鼻饲管护理、留置/更换尿管护理。患者居家服务好评率为100％,对护理服务的整体满意度为（4.86±0.22）分。患者对护士指导居家护理知识的满意度最高,为（4.89±0.33）分,对平台收费的满意度最低,为（4.12±0.78）分。结论 “互联网+护理服务”为居家护理提供了更加方便快捷的渠道,使资源利用更有效,患者认可度高。

Objective To explore the“Internet + Nursing Service”model based on the needs of patients' home care, which the grade A class 3 hospital hospital was the main institution of implementation, and to provide the reference for implementing “Internet + Nursing Service”．Methods We set up a working group, built a platform according to needs, and set up the “Internet + Nursing service”team, who worked with the certificate after homogenization training．The program provided 25 kinds of services, including specialist nursing, maternal and child care, basic nursing, provides high-quality and convenient home care services．After the service, the patients' satisfaction was investigated．Results By October 2021, the platform had 438 registered nurses and 1000 registered patients．A total of 841 people were provided with “Internet + Nursing service”home care services, and the top three services were maternal and infant care, nasal feeding tube care with indentation/replacement, and urinary tube care with indentation/replacement．The favorable rate of home service was 100%, and the overall satisfaction with nursing services was（4.86±0.22）points．Patients had the highest level of satisfaction with nurses' guidance on home nursing knowledge, which was（4.89±0.33）points, and the lowest level of satisfaction with platform fees, which was（4.12±0.78）points．Conclusions “Internet + Nursing Service”provides a more convenient and fast access for home nursing, making resource utilization more effective and with high patient recognition．

目的 明确上海市闵行区社区老人轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）发生现状,分析MCI发生的影响因素间的交互作用关系。方法 采用横断面研究方法,应用AD-8与CSI-D对该区2021年65岁以上老人MCI发生现状进行双量表评估。应用SPSS 26.0 软件,先后采用χ²检验分析受检老人吸烟、饮酒、慢性病等因素在不同检出情况的构成、二分类非条件Logistic回归分析MCI发生的影响因素,再将各因素依次纳入双因素交互作用分析模型,分析各变量对MCI发生的交互作用。结果 应用AD8与CSI-D双量表评估法具有较高的灵敏度,评估闵行区社区老人MCI阳性率为26.6%,高于其他研究,低年龄（OR=1.09,95%CI：1.04~1.14）、良好的健康心态（OR=1.67,95%CI：1.15~2.42）是减少老人MCI的保护因素,职业类型（OR=1.19,95%CI：1.04~1.38）、照料者类型（OR=1.56,95%CI：1.09~2.22）与老人MCI的发生存在相关关系。家庭月总收入与照料者类型之间、是否饮酒与照料者类型之间对老人MCI的发生存在交互作用（P均<0.05）。结论 保持良好的心态可以降低老人MCI发生风险,不同职业类型、照料者类型与老人MCI的发生具有相关关系,照料者选择保姆可能会增加老人MCI风险。

Objective To clarify the current situation of mild cognitive impairment（MCI）in the community elderly in Minhang District,Shanghai,and analyze the interaction relationship between the influencing factors of MCI．Methods A cross-sectional study method was used,and AD8 and CSI-D were used to evaluate the current situation of MCI in the elderly over 65 years old in this district in 2021．SPSS 26.0 software,chi-square test and binary unconditional Logistic regression model were used to analyze the composition of smoking,drinking,chronic diseases and other factors in different detected conditions and the influencing factors of MCI occurrence in the elderly．A factor interaction analysis model was used to analyze the interaction of each variable on the occurrence of MCI．Results The AD8 and CSI-D double-scale evaluation method had high sensitivity．The positive rate of MCI in the community elderly in Minhang District was 26.6%,which was higher than other studies．Younger age（OR=1.09,95%CI：1.04~1.14）,good health mentality（OR=1.67,95%CI：1.15~2.42）were protective factors for reducing MCI in the elderly,occupation type（OR=1.19,95%CI：1.04~1.38）,caregiver type（OR=1.56,95%CI：1.09~2.22）were correlated with the occurrence of MCI in the elderly．There were interaction effects between the total monthly household income and the type of caregivers,whether drinking or not and the type of caregivers on the occurrence of MCI in the elderly（all P<0.05）．Conclusions Maintaining a good attitude can reduce the risk of MCI in the elderly．Different occupational types and types of caregivers are related to the occurrence of MCI in the elderly．Caregivers choosing nanny may increase the risk of MCI in the elderly．

目的 探讨不同贫血类型患者铁蛋白水平、甲状腺功能检测结果对比分析。方法 前瞻性选取2018年11月—2021年11月我院收治的240例贫血患者作为研究对象。将患者分为小细胞低色素性贫血组（n=75）,正细胞性贫血组（n=100）和大细胞性贫血组（n=65）。检查患者甲状腺功能[甲状腺素（TSH）、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸（FT₃）、游离甲状腺素（FT₄）]和铁蛋白（SF）表达水平。采用Spearman检验进行相关性分析;采用Logistics回归模型进行回归分析。结果 3组患者红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（Hb）、平均红细胞容积（MCV）、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量（MCH）、血清肌酐（Scr）间存在差异（P<0.05）;大细胞性贫血组TSH、FT₃和SF低于正细胞性贫血组和小细胞低色素性贫血组（P<0.05）,而FT₄高于正细胞性贫血组和小细胞低色素性贫血组（P<0.05）;贫血类型与TSH、FT₄、FT₃和SF呈正相关（P<0.05）;多因素Logistics回归分析结果显示,TSH、FT₄、FT₃和SF在3个模型中均为独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 不同贫血类型患者间甲状腺功能和铁蛋白表达水平存在显著差异,大细胞性贫血组TSH、FT₃和SF低于正细胞性贫血组和小细胞低色素性贫血组,而FT₄更高,甲状腺功能指标和铁蛋白均是各种类型贫血发生的危险因素。

Objective To explore the comparative analysis of ferritin level and thyroid function detection results in patients with different types of anemia．Methods A total of 240 anemia patients admitted to our hospital from November 2018 to November 2021 were prospectively selected as research objects．The patients were divided into microcytic hypochromic anemia group（n=75）,normocytic anemia group（n=100）,and macrocytic anemia group（n=65）．The expression levels of thyroid function[thyroxine（TSH）,free triiodothyronine（FT₃）,free thyroxine（FT₄）]and ferritin（SF）were examined．Correlation analysis was performed by Sperman test．The logistic regression model was adopted for regression analysis．Results There were significant differences in red blood cell,hemoglobin,mean corpuscular volume,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration,mean corpuscular hemoglobin content and serum creatinine among three groups（P<0.05）．TSH,FT₃ and SF in macrocytic anemia group were significantly lower than those in normocytic anemia group and microcytic hypochromic anemia group（P<0.05）,while FT₄ was significantly higher than that in normocytic anemia group and microcytic hypochromic anemia group（P<0.05）．The type of anemia was positively correlated with TSH,FT₄,FT₃ and SF（P<0.05）．The results of multi-factor logistics regression analysis showed that TSH,FT₄,FT₃ and SF were independent risk factors in the three models（P<0.05）．Conclusions There were significant differences in thyroid function and ferritin expression levels among patients with different types of anemia．Macrocytic anemia group TSH,FT₃ and SF were lower than those in normocytic anemia group and microcytic hypochromic anemia group,while FT₄ was higher．Both thyroid function indexes and ferritin were risk factors for various types of anemia．