随着糖尿病发病率不断攀升，人们逐渐聚焦于糖尿病合并骨质疏松。围绕此疾病，国内外学者开展了广泛而深入的研究，临床实践聚焦于两点：糖尿病的精准治疗和骨质疏松的有效干预。在确保血糖稳定的基础上，致力于抑制骨吸收、促进骨形成。在此治疗理念指导下，临床医生应当更加全面了解血糖管理与抗骨质疏松药物的作用机制并合理应用，更大程度改善患者的临床症状及预后。然而，药物作用机制复杂，联合应用存在潜在药物相互作用问题。未来研究方向包括探索更安全有效的联合治疗方案，更加精确化地治疗以提高临床疗效。文章分析了降糖药物及抗骨质疏松药物对疾病的疗效，并展望未来的研究方向，旨在为临床实践提供更为深刻与全面的指导。
As the incidence of diabetes mellitus continues to rise，people are also gradually focusing on diabetes mellitus combined with osteoporosis，which puts patients at a higher risk of fragility fracture．Scholars at home and abroad have conducted extensive and in-depth research around this condition，and clinical practice has focused on two points：first，the precise treatment of diabetes，and second，the effective intervention of osteoporosis．On the basis of ensuring blood glucose stabilization，we are committed to inhibiting bone resorption and promoting bone formation．Under the guidance of this therapeutic concept，we should have a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of action of blood glucose management and anti-osteoporosis drugs and apply them rationally，aiming to improve the clinical symptoms and prognosis of patients to a greater extent through dual intervention．However，the mechanism of action of different drugs is complex，and there are potential drug-drug interactions and safety issues associated with their combined use．Future research directions should include exploring safer and more effective combination therapies，developing novel drugs，and more precise and individualized treatments to improve clinical efficacy．This article analyzes the efficacy of glucose-lowering drugs and anti-osteoporosis drugs on the disease and looks forward to future research directions，aiming to provide more profound and comprehensive guidance for clinical practice．
根据美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人组第三次报告NECP-ATPⅢ会议定义，当男性年龄＜55岁，女性年龄＜65岁诊断为冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）时即为早发冠心病（pCAD）。作为冠心病的特殊类型之一，pCAD发生多伴明显家族史。近年来随着早发冠心病患者人数呈明显上升趋势，且单核苷酸多态性（SNP）研究和全基因组关联研究的迅速发展，与早发冠心病相关的基因多态性研究成为热点。笔者利用多个文献数据库检索国内外相关文献，对近年早发冠心病的基因多态性研究进展予以综述，并尝试归纳总结出新的重点研究方向。
According to the third meeting of the Adult Education Group of the Cholesterol Education Program of the United States（NECP-ATPⅢ），premature coronary artery disease（pCAD）is a disease diagnosed in men ＜55 years old and women ＜65 years old，which is a special form of CAD with multiple obvious family history．In recent years，with the increasing number of patients with pCAD，and the rapid development of single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）and genome-wide association studies，the study of gene polymorphism related to premature coronary artery disease has become a hot topic．Several database were searched to collect relevant literature at home and abroad，and the research progress of gene polymorphism of premature coronary artery disease in recent years was summarized，and tried to provide new key research directions．
炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种以反复腹痛、腹泻、血便和体重降低为主要表现的慢性特发性性疾病，主要分为溃疡性结肠炎与克罗恩病两种类型。近年来，IBD的患病率随着城市化和工业化进展迅速升高，给中国和全球的公共健康带来沉重的负担。随着人类基因组技术的发展，越来越多的证据表明，遗传学因素在IBD发病过程中起着不可或缺的作用。在亚欧人群中，通过大规模全基因组关联研究现已明确了320个IBD易感基因位点。IBD易感基因在影响机体的细胞代谢、免疫功能调节、肠道上皮屏障和微生物清除等多个方面发挥着重要作用。本文就IBD相关易感基因及其多态性的研究进展进行综述，从基因层面揭示IBD发病的分子机制，并对探索IBD因人而异的个性化治疗方案提供帮助。
Inflammatory bowel disease（IBD）is a chronic idiopathic disease characterized by recurrent abdominal pain，diarrhea，bloody stools，and weight loss．Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease represent the two main types of IBD．In recent years，the prevalence of IBD has increased rapidly with the advancement of industrialization，imposing a heavy burden on public health in China and globally．Currently，with the development of genomics，a growing body of evidence suggests that genetic factors play an indispensable role in the pathogenesis of IBD．In the Eurasian population，320 IBD susceptibility gene loci have been identified through large-scale genome-wide association studies．IBD susceptibility genes play a crucial role in various aspects affecting cellular metabolism，immune function regulation，intestinal epithelial barrier，and microbial clearance．This article reviews the susceptibility genes and their polymorphisms associated with IBD，revealing the molecule mechanisms of IBD from gene perspectives and contributing to the development of personalized treatment strategies tailored to individual IBD patients．
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球第三大最常见的癌症，也是癌症相关死亡的第二大常见原因。结直肠癌肝转移（CRLM）是导致CRC患者死亡的主要原因，根治性肝切除术是目前有望治愈CRLM的唯一途径，但大部分患者不能进行根治性肝切除术。通过早期发现并进行针对性干预，能够改善患者的治疗效果及预后。文章通过综述CRLM的发病机制、诊疗现状及最新纳米诊疗方法，为深入探索高效诊疗方法提供思路。
Colorectal cancer（CRC）is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide．Colorectal cancer liver metastases（CRLM）are the leading cause of death in patients with CRC．Radical hepatectomy is the only way to cure CRLM so far，while most patients cannot undergo radical hepatectomy．CRLM treatment efficacy and prognosis can be improved by early diagnosis and specialized intervention．This paper reviews the pathogenesis，diagnosis，and treatment status of CRLM and the latest nano-diagnosis and treatment methods so as to provide ideas for in-depth exploration of efficient diagnosis and treatment methods．
目的 探讨导言-目标-前测-对照-后测-总结（BOPPPS）教学模式在基层护理培训中的应用效果。方法 采用类实验研究方法，将2021年5月—2021年12月参加培训的96名护士设为对照组，使用传统教学模式，将2022年1月—2022年12月参加培训的325名护士设为研究组，使用BOPPPS教学模式。对两组学员的教学效果通过理论、操作考核及问卷调查进行比较。结果 对照组学员理论知识、技能操作以及培训满意度均高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论 BOPPPS教学模式在基层护理实训课中具有重要意义，可提高学员理论和技能操作能力，提升学员满意度。
Objective To explore the application effect of BOPPPS teaching mode in nursing primary training．Methods Adopting class experimental research method，96 nurses who participated in the training from May 2021 to December 2021 were the control group，using the traditional teaching method．The 325 nurses who participated in the training from January 2022 to December 2022 were set up as a study group using the BOPPPS teaching model．The teaching effectiveness of the two groups of nurses was compared through theoretical and operative examinations and questionnaires．Results The theoretical knowledge，skill operation and training satisfaction of the trainees in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group，and the differences were statistically significant（P＜0.05）．Conclusions BOPPPS teaching mode is of great significance in nursing primary practical training course，which can improve the theory and skill operation ability of trainees and enhance the satisfaction of trainees．
