目的 观察同轴微切口超声乳化白内障术联合玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的临床疗效。方法 选择2014年7月—2016年11月在我院就诊的68例(72只眼)患有老年性白内障合并糖尿病性黄斑水肿患者,分为2组,治疗组(32例,34只眼)行同轴微切口超声乳化白内障术联合玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗;对照组(36例,38只眼)单纯行白内障超声乳化摘除;观察指标包括术前、术后最佳矫正视力、眼压及黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度,观察时间为术前、术后1周、1月、3月、6月、12月。结果 术后两组最佳矫正视力与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);术前及术后1周2组最佳矫正视力无差异,术后1月、3月、6月、12月治疗组最佳矫正视力均优于对照组;术前2组患者黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度相比无明显差异,术后各个时间点治疗组黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度均低于对照组,二者相比差异有差异性(P均<0.001);两组患者术前及术后眼压无差异(P<0.05)。结论 对老年性白内障合并糖尿病性黄斑水肿患者,术中联合玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗,可减轻术后黄斑水肿,改善患者术后中、远期视力。

Objective To assess the safety and efficiency of combination of micro incision phacoemulsification (PHACO) surgery and intravitreal ranibizumab injection in patients with cataract and diabetic macular edema. Methods The selected 68 patients (72 eyes) with age-related cataract and diabetic macular edema were randomly divided into two groups: the PHACO and intravitreal Ranibizumab injection (treatment group, 32 cases, 34 eyes), and only PHACO (control group, 36 cases, 38 eyes) in our hospital from July 2014 to November 2016. Preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and intraocular pressure (IOP) were recorded. The time points included preoperative day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12months after surgery. Results Postoperative BCVA during the follow-up period was higher than the initial BCVA in both groups (P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between both groups in BCVA at pre-operation and 1 week after surgery. In the treatment group, the postoperative BCVA was significantly higher than the control group at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12months after operation. The mean CMT in the treatment group was lower than the control group in all the follow-up time. There was no statistically significant difference in IOP between two groups preoperatively and postoperatively during the follow-up period (P>0.05). Conclusion Additional intravitreal ranibizumab injection after PHACO surgery reduced macular edema and preserved this improvement in the mid-and-long term of BCVA.

目的 观察平胃散联合耳穴治疗单纯性肥胖的临床疗效及其对血清神经肽Y(Neuropeptide Y,NPY)和瘦素(Leptin,LP)水平的影响。方法 64例单纯性肥胖患者,采用数字表法随机分为治疗组33例和对照组31例。治疗组予口服平胃散免煎颗粒配合耳穴治疗,对照组予口服奥利司他胶囊治疗,疗程4周。观察治疗前后体质量、体质量指数(bodymass index,BMI)、体脂百分比(Fat%,F%)、腰臀比(Waist Hip Ratio,WHR)、NPY、LP的变化。结果 治疗后,治疗组和对照组体质量、BMI、F%、WHR、相关疾病的危险度均下降(P＜0.001)。比较治疗前后体质量、BMI、F%、WHR差值,治疗组下降均比对照组明显(P＜0.01、P＜0.001)。治疗组临床疗效优于对照组(P＜0.05)。治疗组和对照组血清NPY、LP水平均下降(P＜0.001),且治疗组较对照组下降(P＜0.001)。结论 平胃散联合耳穴有较好的减肥作用,其机制可能是通过降低血清中NPY、LP含量。

Objective Clinical observation of Pingwei Powder combined with auricular point therapy in treating simple obesity and the effect on serum NPY and leptin Levels. Methods 64 cases of simple obesity patients were randomized into treatment group(33 cases) and control group(31 cases). The treatment group was given Pingwei Powder combined with auricular point therapy.The control group was given Orlistat capsules. After being treated for 4 weeks, body weight, bodymass index(BMI), fat% (F%), waist hip ratio (WHR),neuropeptide y (NPY) and leptin(LP) were determined. Results After post-treatment in treatment group and control group, body weight, BMI, F%, WHR, the risk of related diseases all decreased (P＜0.001), The body weight, BMI, F%, WHR before and after treatment were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.01, P＜0.001). The clinical efficacy of the treatment group was better than that of the control group(P＜0.05). Serum NPY and LP levels in treatment group and control group were decreased (P＜0.001), and that the treatment group were lower than of the control group (P＜0.001). Conclusion Pingwei Powder combined with auricular point therapy have better in weight loss, which is possibly by way of reducing serum NPY, LP Levels.

目的 探讨应用三维斑点追踪技术(3D-STI)评价冠心病患者左前降支冠状动脉支架置入(PCI)术前、术后左室局部收缩功能。方法 对30例接受左前降支PCl术的患者分别于术前、术后3～5天,术后3个月进行常规及三维超声心动图检查,获得患者左前降支冠状动脉供血的7个心肌节段(即前壁基底段、前间隔基底段、前壁中间段、前间隔中间段、前壁心尖段、前间隔心尖段及心尖帽)的收缩期纵向应变、径向应变、圆周应变及面积应变,分析冠状动脉支架植入术前、后各参数的变化规律。结果 PCI术后3～5天5/7节段纵向应变(前壁基底段、前壁中间段、前间隔基底段、前间隔中间段、前壁心尖段)、3/7节段面积应变(前壁基底段、前壁中间段、前间隔中间段)、3/7节段圆周应变(前壁基底段、前间隔基底段、前壁中间段)及2/7节段径向应变(前间隔基底段、前壁中间段)较术前相应心肌节段升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),PCI术后3个月左前降支供血各心肌节段纵向、圆周、径向及面积应变较术前、术后3～5天均升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 3D-STI能够早期评价冠心病患者左前降支冠状动脉PCI治疗前后左室局部收缩功能的改善,为临床早期评价PCI疗效及后续治疗提供诊断依据。

Objective To evaluate the left ventricular regional systolic function before and after left anterior descending coronary artery stent implantation (PCI) using three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI) in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods 30 patients who received left anterior descending PCl were underwent routine and three-dimensional echocardiography before and after 3~5 days, 3 months to obtain longitudinal strain(LS), radial strain(RS), circumferential strain(CS)and area strain(AS) of the seven myocardial segments(BA,BAS,MA,MAS,AA,AS,A ),which accepted blood from the left anterior descending coronary artery. We analyzed the changes of the parameters before and after the coronary stent implantation. Results The 5/7 segment of the longitudinal strain(BA,MA,BAS,MAS,AA), 3/7 segment of area strain(BA,MA,MAS), 3/7 segment of circumferential strain (BA,BAS,MA)and 2/7 segment of radial strain (BAS,MAS)at 3~5 days after PCI were higher than that before the operation. The difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05). The longitudinal, circumferential, radial and area strain of the left anterior descending branch at 3 months after the operation were higher than that before and 3~5 days after the operation. The difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05). Conclusion 3D-STI may early evaluate the improvement of left ventricular regional systolic function before and after coronary artery PCI treatment in patients with coronary heart disease, and provide a basis for early clinical evaluation of PCI effect and follow-up treatment.

目的 探讨血碱性磷酸酶水平对维持性透析患者血管钙化与骨质疏松的评估价值。方法 纳入我院186例维持性透析患者,记录相关临床资料并完善实验室检查,以X线片评价血管钙化情况,双能X线吸收法检查骨密度。对上述资料进行双变量相关分析、ROC曲线分析等统计学处理。结果 血碱性磷酸酶水平与股骨颈骨密度负相关,与腹主动脉钙化评分正相关。腹主动脉钙化评分与骨密度负相关。ALP对骨质疏松及严重腹主动脉钙化诊断的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.777及0.701。结论 碱性磷酸酶是评估透析患者血管钙化骨质疏松的良好指标。

Objective To explore evaluation value of alkaline phosphatase in vascular calcification and osteoporosis in maintenance dialysis patients. Methods 186 patients in maintenance dialysis were enrolled in this study. The related clinical data was recorded. The examination of X-ray (lateral abdomens) was done to estimate vascular calcification in patients. Bone mineral density was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The results above were analyzed by bivariate correlation analysis and receiver operator characteristic curve. Results By bivariate correlation analysis,serum alkaline phosphatase level was negatively associated with femoral neck bone mineral density, and was positively associated with abdominal aortas calcification scores. Abdominal aortas calcification scores were negatively associated with femoral neck bone mineral density. ROC curve revealed AUCs were respectively 0.777 and 0.701 for serum alkaline phosphatase level in diagnosis of osteoporosis and severe abdominal aortas calcification. Conclusion Alkaline phosphatase may be a good index to evaluate calcification and osteoporosis in maintenance dialysis patients.

目的 探讨我院17年间前列腺癌患者的临床特征如发病年龄、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、Gleason评分、分期及穿刺阳性率等的变化。方法 采用回顾性分析,对广州市第一人民医院2000—2016年泌尿外科1 231例穿刺活检的患者及564例前列腺癌患者资料进行分析,按患者的诊断时间分为A组(2000—2005年)、B组(2006—2009年)、C组(2010—2012年)、D组(2013—2014年)、E组(2015—2016年),对各组的年龄、PSA、Gleason评分、分期及穿刺活检阳性率进行统计学分析,看各组间的各项指标差异是否有统计学意义。结果 5组年龄均值(73.36,73.74,72.05,73.40,72.96岁)、PSA均值(208.95,190.25,173.19,283.54,148.69 μg/L)及穿刺活检阳性率均值(48%,43%,37%,44%,39%)差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。5组Gleason均值为6.80,6.73,7.12,6.93,7.32,A、B组和E组Gleason评分差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),其余各组Gleason评分差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。TNM分期转化得分5组均值为5.96,6.80,7.05,7.31,6.83, A和C组、D组、E组差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05),其余各组TNM分期转化得分差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 17年间前列腺癌患者诊断时的年龄、PSA水平及穿刺活检阳性率没有显著变化。

Objective To investigate changes of inpatients with prostate cancer in the last 17 years such as age of onset, prostate specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, prostate cancer staging and positive rate of prostate biopsy. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 1 231 cases of biopsy patients of urology and 564 patients with prostate cancer who were hospitalized in the First People's Hospital of Guangzhou from 2000 to 2016. According to the time of diagnose. All the patients were divided into five groups: group A(2000-2005),group B(2006-2009),group C(2010-2012), group D(2013-2014)and group E(2015-2016). The age, PSA, Gleason score, staging and positive rate of prostate biopsy were compared to realize whether the indicators of the differences between groups was statistically significant. Results In five groups, means of age, PSA, Gleason score and prostate biopsy positive rate are respectively 73.36,73.74,72.05,73.40,72.96 years; 208.95,190.25,173.19,283.54,148.69 μg/L;6.80,6.73,7.12,6.93,7.32; 5.96,6.80,7.05,7.31,6.83 and 48%,43%,37%,44%,39%. There was no significant difference in age, PSA and positive rate of prostate biopsy (P>0.05). The Gleason scores of group A and group E, group B and group E were statistically significant (P<0.05), while the other groups had no significant differences in Gleason score (P>0.05). There werestatistical significancein TNM staging score between group A and group C,group D, group E(P <0.05),while the other groups had nostatistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion There are no change of prostate cancer patients in diagnosis of age, PSA levels and positive rate of prostate biopsy in the past 17 years.

目的 分析全科医学教学中应用第三方满意度调查,结合学生需求的实践效果。方法 2016年3—12月接收全科医学学生者60例,按照常规方法进行,2017年3—12月全科医学学生62例,教学中应用第三方满意度调查结合学生需求方法,观察教学效果。结果 第二年时,学生期末考试总成绩、病例题成绩、实习报告成绩,课外自学时间、利用网络自学时间、与他人讨论学习时间,教学效果总体评分、课间实习评分均高于第一年,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 全科医学教学中应用第三方满意度调查结合学生需求方法后,可有效的提升教学效果,增强学生的自学能力及自学意识。

Objective To analyze the practical effect of applying the third party satisfaction survey to the needs of the students in the teaching of general medicine. Methods From March 2016 to December 2016, 60 cases of general practice medical students were enrolled. According to the routine method, 62 cases of general medical students from March 2017 to December 2017 were selected. Third party satisfaction survey and student demand method were applied in teaching, and the teaching effect was observed. Results In th second year, students' final exam scores, the total score, case questions internship report scores, extracurricular self-study time, self-study time, learning time, using the network to discuss with othersthe teaching effect of practice during the total score, all above were higher than the first year, there was significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of third party satisfaction survey combined with students' needs method in general practice teaching may effectively improve teaching effect; enhance students' self-learning ability and self-learning consciousness.

目的 探讨品管圈活动在提高神经外科卧床患者便秘预防措施落实率中的的应用效果。方法 成立品管圈,确定以“提高神经外科卧床患者便秘预防措施落实率”为主题,进行现状调查,设定目标,进行要因分析,制定并实施措施,比较品管圈活动前后护士落实便秘预防措施情况。结果 实施品管圈活动后,神经外科卧床患者便秘预防措施落实率从活动前的41.59%上升至活动后85.6%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 品管圈活动可以有效提高神经外科卧床患者便秘预防措施落实率,降低便秘的发生率,减轻患者痛苦,改善患者生活质量。

目的 探讨入院准备中心制度在我院乳腺外科住院预约统筹管理的实践情况。方法 2017年1月—12月广州市第一人民医院入院准备中心对乳腺外科30张床位实施病床集中预约管理,依据患者病情进行预约,合理安排患者入院。结果 2017年1至12月我院乳腺外科共预约入院1225人/次,成功办理预入院1096人/次,约占乳腺外科总入院人数的77.85%。预入院进行手术患者415人/次,其中3日内手术患者为285人/次,预入院三日内手术率为68.67%。结论 预入院制度对乳腺外科病床进行集中预约管理能有效保证床位充分使用,为患者提供方便、有效的医疗服务,值得基层医院推广。

目的 观察ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用不同转运模式的应用疗效。方法 选取我院80例行急诊PCI的STEMI患者,有31例患者的12导联心电图由救护车上的急救人员通过手机微信传输到指定的东莞市大朗医院胸痛中心微信群(远程早期干预组),有49例患者自行来院就诊(传统就诊组),比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果 远程早期干预组患者的D-to-B时间低于传统就诊组(P<0.01),D-to-B达标率高于传统就诊组(P<0.01);远程早期干预组患者住院费用、平均住院天数、住院期间病死率及心力衰竭发生率均低于传统就诊组(P<0.05)。结论 相比较传统就诊模式,远程转运模式能显著提高STEMI患者PCI术的治疗效果,并有效改善其预后情况,临床效益较好,值得实践推广。

目的 以临床病例为研究对象,探讨年龄与性别对鼻咽癌自我病情延误的影响,寻找鼻咽癌科普宣教的重点靶标人群。方法 收集2015年4月—2015年12月广州医科大学附属肿瘤医院放疗科鼻咽癌病区收治的经活检病理确诊初治鼻咽癌患者62例(年龄28～77岁,中位年龄49岁),记录患者主诉症征出现至病理确诊鼻咽癌其相关症状的持续时间,采用t检验和Pearson相关分析探讨性别及年龄对鼻咽癌确诊前相关症征持续时间的影响。结果 62例患者确诊前均自我发现鼻咽癌相关症征,其中43例(69.4%)发现鼻咽原发灶相关症状,35例(56.5%)发现颈部淋巴肿大症状。Pearson相关分析显示,鼻咽癌确诊前颈部淋巴结肿大持续时间与年龄呈正相关(P＜0.05);t检验结果显示,男性患者鼻咽癌确诊前症状持续时间大于女性患者(P＜0.05)。结论 年龄较大和男性人群鼻咽癌自我病情延误较为严重,应该作为包括临床症状在内的鼻咽癌科普宣教的重点人群。