自身免疫性肝炎（AIH）是由不明原因免疫异常引起的急性或慢性肝脏炎症性疾病,不分年龄或性别,影响所有种族群体。AIH如果没有得到及时的治疗,可能会发展为肝硬化、肝衰竭,甚至导致死亡。目前一些诊断评分系统和肝活组织病理检查已成为诊断的标准,然而由于疾病表现的高度异质性,AIH诊断仍很有挑战性。大多数患者最初对一线治疗（糖皮质激素与硫唑嘌呤的联合治疗）有应答,然而,应答欠佳和因不良反应引起的不耐受也不少见,需要二线和（或）三线治疗。本文总结阐述诊断困难、一线药物治疗应答欠佳或不耐受的疑难AIH诊断和管理的最新进展,并归纳了目前国内外关于AIH治疗的新方法,为AIH的临床诊疗提供参考。

Autoimmune hepatitis（AIH）is an acute or chronic inflammatory disease of liver caused by unclear immune response that affects people from all ethnic groups irrespective of age or sex．If left untreated,AIH will lead to cirrhosis,liver failure,or death．A number of diagnostic scoring systems and histopathological examination of liver biopsies are now the standard for diagnosis．However,due to the high heterogeneity of the disease presentation,AIH diagnosing remains challenging．Most patients initially respond to first-line treatment,which is corticosteroids combined with azathioprine．However,insufficient response and intolerance due to side effects are also common,so some patients requires second-and/or third-line therapies．Here we summarized the latest progress in diagnosis and management of AIH with difficult diagnosis,poor response to first-line drug treatment or intolerance,as well as the new methods of AIH treatment worldwide,to provide reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of AIH．

目的 分析药物性牙龈增生（DGO）治疗中半导体激光及牙周基础治疗的应用效果,以期进一步提升DGO治疗有效性,促使患者快速康复。方法 分析于我院进行治疗的88例DGO患者基本资料,按照入院顺序使用奇偶号法将其等分为各44例的对照组和研究组,予对照组患者实施常规牙周基础治疗,予研究组患者实施牙周基础治疗联合半导体激光治疗,对比2组治疗相关数据。结果 治疗前2组患者牙龈增生指数（GHI）比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,经过治疗,研究组患者各阶段GHI均低于对照组,差异存在统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗前2组患者龈沟出血指数（SBI）、探诊深度（PD）以及菌斑指数（PLI）比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,经过治疗研究组各项治疗评分均比对照组更为理想,差异存在统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后研究组总有效率为97.73%,对照组总有效率为81.82%,差异存在统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 对DGO患者实施牙周基础治疗下的半导体激光干预能够在更大程度上改善患者病情,同时缩短治疗周期,提升治疗总有效率,应用效果理想,可在临床推广使用。

目的 分析接受自体动静脉内瘘（AVF）维持性血液透析（MHD）尿毒症患者AVF使用寿命的影响因素,以期为临床延长AVF使用寿命提供可参考依据。方法 选取我院2019年1月—2021年2月期间收治的接受AVF的367例MHD尿毒症患者为研究对象,随访1年,统计AVF功能丧失状况,将AVF功能丧失患者纳入丧失组,AVF通畅患者纳入通畅组,分析AVF使用寿命的影响因素。结果 随访1年,AVF通畅率为80.65%（296/367）,功能丧失率为19.35%（71/367）;不同糖尿病、血液透析中低血压（IDH）、血磷、低密度脂蛋白、钙磷乘积、高凝倾向、前壁动静脉内径、血肿状况为AVF MHD尿毒症患者的AVF寿命存在差异（P<0.05）;经COX回归模型分析显示,糖尿病、IDH、血磷≥2.04 mmol/L、低密度脂蛋白>2.38 mmol/L、高凝倾向、血肿、前壁动静脉内径<2 mm为AVF MHD尿毒症患者AVF功能丧失的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 AVF MHD尿毒症患者AVF使用寿命受糖尿病、IDH、血磷≥2.04 mmol/L、低密度脂蛋白>2.38 mmol/L、高凝倾向、血肿、前壁动静脉内径<2 mm等因素影响,临床可针对性制定干预措施以延长AVF使用寿命。

目的 探索基于患者居家护理服务需求且以三甲医院为实施主体的“互联网+护理服务”模式,以期为“互联网+护理服务”的开展提供借鉴。方法 成立“互联网+护理服务”小组,基于患者需求进行平台建设,组建“互联网+护理服务”团队,经过同质化培训持证上岗,提供专科护理、母婴护理以及基础护理共25项服务内容。服务结束后,调查患者对“互联网+护理服务”的满意度。结果 截至2022年10月,该平台注册护士438名,注册患者1 000人。共开展“互联网+护理服务”居家护理服务841人次,排名前三位的服务项目是母婴护理、留置/更换鼻饲管护理、留置/更换尿管护理。患者居家服务好评率为100％,对护理服务的整体满意度为（4.86±0.22）分。患者对护士指导居家护理知识的满意度最高,为（4.89±0.33）分,对平台收费的满意度最低,为（4.12±0.78）分。结论 “互联网+护理服务”为居家护理提供了更加方便快捷的渠道,使资源利用更有效,患者认可度高。

Objective To explore the“Internet + Nursing Service”model based on the needs of patients' home care, which the grade A class 3 hospital hospital was the main institution of implementation, and to provide the reference for implementing “Internet + Nursing Service”．Methods We set up a working group, built a platform according to needs, and set up the “Internet + Nursing service”team, who worked with the certificate after homogenization training．The program provided 25 kinds of services, including specialist nursing, maternal and child care, basic nursing, provides high-quality and convenient home care services．After the service, the patients' satisfaction was investigated．Results By October 2021, the platform had 438 registered nurses and 1000 registered patients．A total of 841 people were provided with “Internet + Nursing service”home care services, and the top three services were maternal and infant care, nasal feeding tube care with indentation/replacement, and urinary tube care with indentation/replacement．The favorable rate of home service was 100%, and the overall satisfaction with nursing services was（4.86±0.22）points．Patients had the highest level of satisfaction with nurses' guidance on home nursing knowledge, which was（4.89±0.33）points, and the lowest level of satisfaction with platform fees, which was（4.12±0.78）points．Conclusions “Internet + Nursing Service”provides a more convenient and fast access for home nursing, making resource utilization more effective and with high patient recognition．

目的 基于随机森林方法构建甲状腺功能减退（简称甲减）患病风险预测模型。方法 从MIMIC-IV数据库纳入5 735名甲减患者为病例组,4 803名非甲减患者为对照组,基于随机森林模型进行建模。同时利用逻辑回归、贝叶斯正则化神经网络、XGBoost作为比较模型。最后用准确率、F1分数、精确率、召回率、特异性以及AUC值评价四个机器学习模型性能。结果 随机森林模型准确率为0.85,F1分数为0.84,精确率为0.84,召回率为0.84,特异性为0.86,AUC值为0.91。在该模型中,促甲状腺激素、年龄、绝对淋巴细胞计数、血液中红细胞数、中性白细胞、性别、碱性磷酸酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、嗜酸性粒细胞绝对计数、尿素氮为甲减患者诊断重要性排前10的指标。结论 采用随机森林方法构建的甲减患病预测模型为甲减的早期诊断有潜在应用价值。

Objective To construct a risk prediction model for hypothyroidism based on the random forest model．Methods A total of 5 735 hypothyroidism patients were included from the MIMIC-IV database as the case group, and 4 803 non-hypothyroidism patients were included as the control group．Random forest models were constructed for both groups, and logistic regression, Bayesian regularized neural network, and XGBoost were used as comparative models．The performance of the four machine learning models was evaluated using accuracy, F1 score, precision, recall, specificity, and AUC value．Results The random forest model had an accuracy of 0.85, an F1 score of 0.84, a precision of 0.84, a recall of 0.84, a specificity of 0.86, and an AUC value of 0.91．In this model, thyroid-stimulating hormone, age, absolute lymphocyte count, red blood cell count in blood, neutrophil, gender, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, absolute eosinophil count, and blood urea nitrogen were the top 10 indicators for diagnosing hypothyroidism patients．Conclusions The hypothyroidism disease prediction model constructed using the random forest method has potential application value for the early diagnosis of hypothyroidism．

直肠癌是全球常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,准确的影像学评估对直肠癌的诊断和治疗决策至关重要。在各种影像学检查中,磁共振成像已逐渐成为直肠癌不可或缺的检查手段,其中酰胺质子转移加权（APTw）成像是当前直肠癌磁共振成像中的一种极具发展前景的成像技术,其是通过检测病灶中内源性可移动蛋白的酰胺质子与水质子之间的交换,可以更好地在分子水平评估直肠癌病灶的蛋白质浓度、pH值、温度和代谢状态等,在直肠癌中有极大的应用潜能,有助于实现精准医疗。本文主要综述APTw成像在直肠癌中的研究进展、发展前景及尚存在的问题。

Rectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies worldwide, and accurate imaging evaluation is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of rectal cancer．In various imaging examinations, magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）has gradually become an indispensable means of rectal cancer, among which amide proton transfer-weighted（APTw）imaging is a promising imaging technology．APTw imaging is to detect the exchange between amide protons of endogenous mobile proteins in lesions and water quality particles, which can better assess the protein concentration, pH, temperature, and metabolic status of rectal cancer at the molecular level．It has great application potential in rectal cancer and contributes to precision medicine．This article mainly reviews the research progress, development prospect and remaining problems of APTw imaging in rectal cancer．

目的 介绍1例罕见反转型滤泡性淋巴瘤的诊断、鉴别诊断及文献复习。方法 对1例发生于儿童颈部淋巴结内淋巴瘤进行HE组织形态学、免疫组织化学、荧光原位杂交评估并复习相关文献,进行综合分析。结果 淋巴结结构消失,可见结节状靶环样结构,局灶弥漫。结节中央为非肿瘤性的生发中心（表达CD10、BCL-6,不表达BCL-2及IgD,Ki-67高表达）,紧接着为非肿瘤性套区结构（表达BCL-2及IgD,Ki-67低表达）,最外层为淡染区域,由肿瘤性中心细胞及中心母细胞组成（表达CD10、BCL-6及BCL-2）;局灶弥漫区细胞形态学及其免疫表型同结节状靶环样结构套区外淡染区域。荧光原位杂交未检测到BCL-2基因断裂。结论 本例与文献中报道的反转型滤泡性淋巴瘤（RVFL）有部分相似的特征,但又具有自身的一些特点。

目的 探讨基于中药熏蒸配合穴位按摩的健康管理对稳定期肺肾气虚型慢阻肺的疗效。方法 选取2020年1月—2021年1月在我院接受治疗的稳定期肺肾气虚型慢阻肺患者120例为研究对象,随机分为对照组和干预组。对照组采用西医常规干预,干预组在此基础上实施为期1年的中药熏蒸配合穴位按摩的健康管理,比较干预前后2组患者肺功能、血氧指标以及生活质量的差异。结果 干预前,2组患者第1秒用力肺活量（FEV₁）、第1秒用力肺活量占预计值百分比（FEV₁%）、用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力肺活量占用力肺活量的比值（FEV₁/FVC%）等指标比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,干预后,2组患者的FEV₁、FEV₁%、FVC、FEV₁/FVC%明显上升,且干预组患者优于对照组（P<0.05）;实施相关干预前,干预组和对照组患者的血氧指标比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,干预后,2组患者的PaO₂、和SpO₂上升,PaCO₂下降,且干预组的变化幅度大于对照组（P<0.05）;干预前2组患者在圣乔治问卷（SGRQ）生活质量评分比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,干预后2组患者的SGRQ生活质量评分降低,且干预组患者的SGRQ生活质量指标评分更低（P<0.05）。结论 中药熏蒸配合穴位按摩应用于稳定期肺肾气虚型慢阻肺患者中,能够提高患者的肺功能,改善血氧指标,提高患者的生活质量。

Objective To explore the effect of health management based on traditional Chinese medicine fumigation combined with acupoint massage on stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）with lung-kidney deficiency．Methods A total of 120 patients with stable COPD and lung-kidney deficiency who received treatment in our hospital from January 2020 to January 2021 were selected as the study objects and randomly divided into control group and intervention group．The control group received conventional Western medicine intervention,and the intervention group received 1-year traditional Chinese medicine fumigation combined with acupoint massage on the basis of Western management．The differences of lung function,blood oxygen index and quality of life between the two groups were compared before and after intervention．Results Before intervention,there were no significant differences in forced expiratory volume in one second（FEV₁）,the first second forced vital capacity percentage of expected value（FEV₁%）,forced vital capacity（FVC）,the ratio of the first second forced vital capacity of forced vital capacity（FEV₁/FVC%）between the two groups（P>0.05）,but after intervention,the FEV₁,FEV₁%,FVC,FEV₁/FVC% of the two groups increased significantly,and those in the intervention group were better（P<0.05）．Before the implementation of relevant intervention,there was no difference in blood oxygen index between the two groups（P>0.05）．After the intervention,PaO₂ and SpO₂ of the two groups were significantly increased,while PaCO₂ was significantly decreased,and the change in the intervention group was significantly greater（P<0.05）．Before intervention,there were no significant differences in the quality of life scores of St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire（SGRQ）between the two groups（P>0.05）．After intervention,the scores of SGRQ of the two groups were significantly decreased,and the scores of the intervention group were significantly lower（P<0.05）．Conclusions Traditional Chinese medicine fumigation combined with acupoint massage can significantly improve lung function,blood oxygen index and life quality of stable COPD patients with lung-kidney deficiency．

目的 探讨血清心型脂肪酸结合蛋白（H-FABP）、血管生成素-1（Ang-1）在急性大血管闭塞性卒中（AIS-LVO）静脉溶栓桥接支架取栓患者预后中的评估价值。方法 选择2019年1月—2021年5月80例AIS-LVO患者作为研究对象,均接受静脉溶栓桥接支架取栓治疗,检测术前血清H-FABP、Ang-1水平,术后随访90 d将患者分为预后良好组（n=57）与预后不良组（n=23）。结果 两组在高血压、冠心病、心房颤动、急性卒中治疗低分子肝素试验（TOAST）分型、侧支循环、术前H-FABP、术前Ang-1方面存在差异（P<0.05）。多因素 Logistic 回归分析结果显示,高血压、心房颤动、心源性梗死型、侧支循环为0 ~1 级、术前H-FABP≥10.0 ng/L、术前Ang-1<5.25 ng/mL是AIS-LVO静脉溶栓桥接支架取栓患者预后不良的危险因素。术前血清H-FABP预测术后90 d预后不良的AUC为0.728（95%CI：0.368~0.918）,灵敏度、特异度分别为66.68%、58.92%。术前血清Ang-1预测术后90 d预后不良的AUC为0.773（95%CI：0.592~1.129）,灵敏度、特异度分别为70.35%、63.92%。H-FABP联合Ang-1预测术后90 d预后不良的AUC为0.854（95%CI：0.652~0.957）,灵敏度、特异度分别为77.18%、71.82%。结论 静脉溶栓桥接支架取栓治疗AIS-LVO患者的预后受到多种危险因素的影响,其中术前血清H-FABP和Ang-1是具有前景的预后预测因子。

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of serum heart-type fatty acid binding protein（H-FABP）and angiopoietin-1（Ang-1）in patients with acute ischemic stroke-large vessel occlusion（ALS-LVO）undergoing venous thrombolytic bridging stent thrombectomy．Methods A total of 80 patients with ALS-LVO from January 2019 to May 2021 were selected as the study subjects,treated with intravenous thrombolytic bridging stent thrombectomy,and their serum H-FABP and Ang-1 levels were measured before operation．After 90 days of follow-up,the patients were divided into good prognosis group（n=57）and poor prognosis group（n=23）．Results There were significant differences between the two groups in hypertension,coronary heart disease,atrial fibrillation,TOAST classification,collateral circulation,preoperative H-FABP,and preoperative Ang-1（P<0.05）．Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension,atrial fibrillation,cardiogenic infarction type,collateral circulation of 0~1 grade,preoperative H-FABP≥10.0 ng/L,preoperative Ang-1<5.25 ng/mL were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of ALS-LVO patients treated with venous thrombolytic bridging stents．The AUC of preoperative serum H-FABP predicting poor prognosis 90 days after operation was 0.728（95%CI：0.368~0.918）,with sensitivity and specificity of 66.68% and 58.92% respectively．The AUC of preoperative serum Ang-1 predicting poor prognosis 90 days after surgery was 0.773（95%CI：0.592~1.129）,with sensitivity and specificity of 70.35% and 63.92% respectively．The AUC predicted by H-FABP combined with Ang-1 for poor prognosis 90 days after operation was 0.854（95%CI：0.652~0.957）,and the sensitivity and specificity were 77.18% and 71.82% respectively．Conclusions The prognosis of patients with ALS-LVO treated with intravenous thrombectomy bridging stent thrombectomy is affected by many risk factors,among which preoperative serum H-FABP and Ang-1 are promising prognostic factors．

目的 建立兔腰椎间盘严重退变骨水泥成形术模型并进行鉴定。方法 选用新西兰白兔6只,手术干预前摄腰椎正侧位X线片并进行MRI扫描Pfirrmann分级,之后通过腹外斜肌与腰大肌间隙入路手术去除兔腰2~3椎间盘髓核组织及部分纤维环模拟腰椎间盘严重退变状态。饲养6周后相应腰椎节段椎间盘进行MR扫描Pfirrmann分级,确认相应腰椎节段椎间盘符合严重退变影像表现后再次手术显露相应椎间隙并注入骨水泥。1周后再次摄腰椎正侧位X线片并行MRI扫描Pfirrmann分级,终末处死并解剖动物检查椎间盘内骨水泥填充情况。结果 兔腰椎间盘退化模型建立6周后磁共振Pfirrmann分级为Ⅴ级。椎间隙骨水泥注射后1周其术后磁共振Pfirrmann分级为Ⅳ。骨水泥注射模型1周后拍摄手术节段X线片显示骨水泥较好地填充于腰2~3间隙,椎间隙高度接近正常状态。终末处死并解剖动物发现腰椎节段椎间盘内骨水泥填充良好无脱落或松动。结论 通过腹外斜肌与腰大肌间隙入路,手术去除椎间盘髓核组织及部分纤维环6周后,往椎间隙内注入骨水泥,可获得较为可靠的新西兰大白兔腰椎间盘严重退变骨水泥成形术的动物模型。

Objective To establish and identify the rabbit model of lumbar disc with severe degeneration．Methods Six New Zealand white rabbits were selected,lumbar X-ray and Pfirrmann grade by MR scan were performed before surgical intervention．Along the space of obliquus externus abdominis and psoas major,the front edge of L2 to L3 was exposed．Then,the nucleus pulposus and part of annulus fibrosus were removed to imitate severe degeneration of lumbar disc．After 6 weeks of rearing,the operated lumbar disc was graded by MR scan,confirming that the lumbar disc met the image of severe degeneration,and then exposed the intervertebral space and injected bone cement．One week later,the anterior lumbar X-ray and the MRI scan for Pfirrmann grading were taken．The animals were sacrificed and dissected to check the bone cement filling in the intervertebral disc．Results The rabbit MR Pfirrmann grade of intervertebral disk was V after 6 weeks of first operation．One week after intervertebral cement injection,the MR Pfirrmann grade was Ⅳ．The surgical segment X-ray was taken one week after the cement injection,which showed that the cement was well filled in the L2-L3 gap and the vertebral space height was close to normal．Animals were sacrificed and dissected,the lumbar intervertebral disc was well filled with cement without shedding or loosening．Conclusions A reliable animal model of lumbar disc with severe degeneration in New Zealand white rabbits can be obtained by injecting cement into the intervertebral space after 6 weeks of removal of the intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus and part of the annulus fibrosus through the obliquus externus abdomins and psoas major intervertebral space．