论著

免疫联合化疗对晚期 NSCLC 患者淋巴细胞免疫及生活质量的影响

Effect of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy on lymphocyte immunity and quality of life in patients with advanced NSCLC

:760-765
 
       目的   探讨免疫治疗联合化学治疗(化疗)对晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者淋巴免疫及生活质量的影响,为临床进一步治疗提供参考。  选择2021年6月—2023年6月天津市滨海新区大港医院收治的晚期NSCLC患者120例进行研究,按抽签法分为干预组及对照组,每组60例,对照组采取单纯化疗方案,干预组采取免疫联合化疗方案,对比两组临床疗效、药物不良反应,治疗前后免疫功能(CD3+ 、CD4+ 、CD8+ )、糖类抗原199(CA199)、糖类抗原 125(CA125)、血清癌胚抗原(CEA)水平及健康状态调查表(QOL)评分。结果  干预组患者治疗总有效率高于对照组(68.33%>41.67%,P<0.05);治疗后干预组患者CD3+ 、CD4+ 比例高于治疗前及对照组治疗后,CD8+ 比例低于治疗前及对照组治疗后(P<0.05);治疗后干预组血清CA199、CA125、CEA水平均低于治疗前及对照组治疗后(P<0.05);干预组药物不良反应发生率为16.67%,对照组为36.67%,干预组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后干预组QOL各维度评分高于对照组及治疗前(P<0.05)。结论  与单纯化疗相比,免疫联合化疗治疗晚期NSCLC患者,能有效降低肿瘤标志物水平,改善患者免疫指标,减轻药物不良反应,提高患者疗效及生活质量。
       Objective  To explore the effect of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy on lymphatic immunity and quality of life of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),and to provide reference for further clinical treatment.Methods  A total of 120 patients with NSCLC from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected and divided into observation group and control group evenly according to the method of drawing lots,control group was treated with chemotherapy,the observation group was treated with immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy,and the clinical efficacy and adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups.Before and after treatment,immune function(CD3+ ,CD4+ ,CD8+ ),carbohydrate antigen 199(CA199),carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125),serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)levels and health status questionnaire(QOL-RRB- scores)were measured.Results The total effective  rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(68.33%>41.67%,P<0.05).After treatment,the ratios of CD3+  and CD4+  in the observation group were significantly higher than those before treatment and control group after treatment,and the ratio of CD8+  was significantly lower than that before and after treatment in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the serum levels of CA199,CA125 and CEA in the observation group were lower than those before and after treatment in the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse drug  reactions was 16.67% in the observation group and 36.67% in the control group,which was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the QOL scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group and before treatment(P<0.05).Conclusions  Compared with chemotherapy alone,immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy can effectively reduce the levels of tumor markers,improve the immune indexes of patients,reduce the adverse drug reactions,and improve the efficacy and quality of life of patients with advanced NSCLC.
医学教育

结核专科教学医院医学生特征及管理对策的分析

Analysis on the characteristics and management strategies of medical students in teaching hospitals specialized in tuberculosis

:717-722
 
       目的   分析结核专科医院医学生特征及管理配合度影响因素,为进一步提升医学生管理配合提供参考。方法   选择在院511名医学生进行基本情况采集及问卷调查,以问卷打卡次数及打卡时间评估医学生的管理配合度,并进一步分析其影响因素。结果   进修生、研究生及实习生的性别构成比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而年龄、专业及学历比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。医学生的学历与管理配合度无关,而不同年龄、性别、类别、专业医学生的管理配合度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论   针对结核病专科医院医学生的类别、专业、年龄等不同特征,调整专科医院教学管理方法并实行相应的管理措施,对加强专科教学医院的医学生管理工作具有一定的价值。
       Objective  To analyze the characteristics and the influencing factors of management cooperation of medical students in tuberculosis specialized hospital,providing  reference for further improving the cooperation of medical  students in management.Methods  Five hundred and eleven medical students were selected in the specialized hospital for basic information collection and questionnaire survey,the management cooperation of medical students were evaluated from the frequency and time of questionnaire check-in,and the influencing factors were further analyzed.Results  According to the classification as continuing education students,graduate students and interns,there was no statistical difference in gender,but there were  differences in age,major,and education degree(P<0.05).Age,gender,type,and major of the students were all  related to management cooperation(P<0.05),while the education degree was not related to it. Conclusions  According to the different characteristics of medical students in tuberculosis specialized hospitals,such as their categories,majors and ages,adjusting the teaching management methods in specialized hospitals and implementing management measures have certain reference value for strengthening the management of medical students in specialized teaching hospitals.
护理研究

医院 - 社区 - 家庭一体化康复护理模式干预对慢性创面患者生活质量及创面愈合的影响研究

Impact of hospital-community-home integrated rehabilitation nursing model on the quality of life and wound healing in patients with chronic wounds

:694-700
 
       目的   评估医院-社区-家庭一体化康复护理模式对慢性创面患者生活质量及创面愈合的潜在影响。   选择2023年1月—2024年6月在广州市第一人民医院接受治疗的慢性创面患者80例作为研究对象,所有患者在住院期间均接受基于溃疡面积、深度及是否合并感染等因素的综合治疗,包括彻底清创、创缘处理、负压治疗、感染控制等治疗,并接受常规护理。出院前,通过随机数字表法将患者分为两组,每组40例。两组患者在住院期间均接受常规护理,出院后,对照组接受延续护理并定期复查。干预组40例患者在出院后接受医院-社区-家庭一体化康复护理模式。入组时及护理3个月后,使用生活质量调查表(SF-36)对患者生活质量和创面愈合率进行评估。结果   干预组创面愈合率为(32.61±4.26)%,高于对照组(11.48±1.04)%,差异具有统计学意义(t=19.473,P<0.05)。两组患者在护理3个月后的数字评定量表评分和创面疼痛频率评分均较入组时降低(P<0.05)。其中干预组护理3个月后的创面VAS评分为(1.82±0.17)分,创面疼痛频率评分为(1.28±0.25)分;而对照组分别为(3.91±0.22)分和(2.63±0.37)分,干预组低于对照组(P<0.05)。此外,干预组在护理后3个月的总体健康、生理功能、生理职能、精神健康、情感功能、社会功能评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。在居家3个月期间,干预组的感染发生率为5.00%,而对照组为17.50%,干预组感染发生率低于对照组(χ 2 =3.781,P<0.05)。结论   本研究表明,医院-社区-家庭一体化康复护理模式干预能够促进慢性创面患者的创面愈合,降低居家期间感染的风险,并提升患者的生活质量。
       Objective  To assess the potential impact of the integrated hospital-community-home  rehabilitation nursing model on the quality of life and wound healing in patients with chronic wounds.Methods  A total of 80 patients with chronic wounds treated at the Guangzhou First People’s Hospital from January 2023 to June 2024 were selected as the study subjects.All patients received comprehensive treatment during their hospital stay,including thorough debridement,edge treatment,vacuum therapy,infection control and routine nursing care.Prior to discharge,the patients were  randomly divided into two groups using a random number table,with 40 patients in each group.Both groups received routine nursing care during their hospital stay,and the control group received continuing nursing care and regular follow-up after discharge.Forty patients in the intervention group received the integrated hospital-community-home rehabilitation nursing model after discharge.Quality of life(QoL)and wound healing rates were assessed using the Short Form 36(SF-36)questionnaire at the time of enrollment and 3 months after nursing.Results  The wound healing rate in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group ([32.61±4.26]% vs [11.48±1.04]%),with a statistical difference(t=19.473,P<0.05).The numerical rating scale(NRS)scores and frequency of wound pain scores decreased in both groups 3 months after nursing compared to the enrollment period(P<0.05).Specifically,the VAS score for wound pain in the intervention group 3 months after nursing was(1.82±0.17),and the frequency of wound pain was(1.28±0.25),in the control group,these scores were(3.91±0.22)and(2.63±0.37),respectively,with the intervention group scoring significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the scores for overall health,physical function,role physical,mental health,emotional function,and social function in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group 3 months after nursing(P<0.05).During the 3-month home recovery period,the incidence of infection in the intervention group was 5.00%,whereas it was 17.50% in the control group,with the intervention group  showing a lower incidence of infection(χ 2 =3.781,P<0.05).Conclusions  This study demonstrates that the hospital-community-home integrated rehabilitation care model intervention can promote wound healing in chronic wound patients,reduce the risk of infection during home care,and significantly improve patients’ quality of life.
人工智能与医学

工智能在结肠镜检查质量控制方面的应用

Application of artificial intelligence in quality control of colonoscopy

:581-590
 
       传统的结肠镜检查质量评估方式具有主观性强、费时费力等缺点。近年来,人工智能(AI)技术在结肠镜检查质量控制方面展现出客观性、即时性、全面性等优势,具有广阔的应用前景。文章全面探讨了AI在结肠镜检查质量控制中的多个应用场景,包括评估肠道准备质量、记录退镜时间、息肉识别和分类、预测早期结直肠癌浸润深度等方面,并通过具体的研究案例和数据分析了AI技术的有效性和优势。AI技术有望在提升结肠镜检查质量、促进结直肠癌的早诊早治方面发挥更加重要的作用,但面对技术、伦理及法规等多方面的挑战,未来需要持续努力,不断优化算法,加强跨学科合作,推动AI技术在医疗领域的健康、快速发展。
     Traditional colonoscopy quality assessment methods have strong subjectivity and are time-consuming.In recent years,artificial intelligence technology has shown objectivity,timeliness,and comprehensiveness in colonoscopy quality control,with broad application prospects.This article comprehensively explores multiple application scenarios of AI in colonoscopy quality control,encompassing assessments of bowel preparation quality,recording of withdrawal times,polyp identification and classification,and prediction of early colorectal cancer invasion depth.Through specific research cases and data analysis,the effectiveness and advantages of AI technology are elucidated.AI technology is expected to play an increasingly significant  role in enhancing the quality of colonoscopy and promoting early diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer.However,facing challenges from technology,ethics,regulations,and other aspects,continued efforts are  needed in the future to continuously optimize algorithms,strengthen interdisciplinary collaboration,and promote the healthy and rapid development of AI technology in the medical field.
论著

预防性风险管理对肌层浸润性膀胱癌根治术后的应用效果及术后生活质量影响

Effect of preventive risk management after surgery and quality of life of myometrial invasive bladder cancer patients

:494-499
 
       目的   探讨预防性风险管理在肌层浸润性膀胱癌根治术后的应用效果及对术后生活质量影响。方法   选取2020年6月—2023年10月安阳市肿瘤医院收治的66例肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者,应用抽签法分为观察组(n=33)与对照组n=33)。所有患者均采取根治性全膀胱切除术与淋巴清扫术治疗,对照组患者术后实施常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上增加预防性风险管理。对比两组术后尿量、胃肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间,干预前后病耻感及负面情绪、术后并发症发生率,最后对比两组干预前后生活质量变化。结果   两组患者术后尿量对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组术后胃肠功能恢复时间为(5.27±0.82)d,术后住院时间为(18.31±3.27)d,短于对照组的(7.25±1.12)(23.27±4.18)d,对比差异有统计学意义(t分别为8.194、5.369,P<0.05);干预后两组患者病耻感量表(SSCI)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分均降低,观察组分别为(35.67±7.45)(40.02±2.43)(45.36±4.17)分,低于对照组的(48.27±10.69)(54.54±3.54)(51.37±4.38)分,对比差异有统计学意义(t分别为5.555、19.426、5.709,P<0.05);观察组术后并发症发生率为9.09%,低于对照组的30.30%(χ 2 =4.690,P=0.030);干预后两组膀胱癌特异性模块、功能状况、精神状况、家庭/社会状况及躯体状况相关维度膀胱癌患者生活质量量表(FACT-BL)评分均升高,观察组分别为(34.27±3.26)(25.11±4.23)(21.51±4.23)(25.02±4.43)(20.56±3.11)分,高于对照组的(27.00±4.34)(21.11±3.24)(16.12±2.12)(21.54±5.54)(15.87±4.13)分,对比差异有统计学意义(t分别为7.694、4.313、6.544、2.818、5.211,P<0.05)。结论   预防性风险管理在肌层浸润性膀胱癌根治术后的应用效果显著,可缩短患者术后胃肠功能恢复时间及住院时间,改善患者负面情绪,有助减少术后并发症,提升患者生活质量。
       Objective  To explore the effect of preventive risk management on postoperative application and quality of life of myometrial invasive bladder cancer patients after radical surgery.Methods  A total of 66 patients with myometrial invasive bladder cancer admitted to Anyang Cancer Hospital from June 2020 to October 2023 were selected as research objects,and were divided into observation group(n=33)and control group(n=33)by lot drawing.All patients were treated with  radical total cystectomy and lymph node dissection.The control group received routine nursing care after surgery,while the observation group received preventive risk management in addition to the control group.The postoperative urine output,recovery time of gastrointestinal function,and hospitalization time between two groups were compared,as well as the shame and negative emotions before and after intervention,the incidence of postoperative complications,and the changes in quality of life between the two groups before and after intervention.Results  There was no significant difference in postoperative urine volume between the two groups of patients(P>0.05),and the postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery time(5.27±0.82)d,postoperative hospitalization time(18.31±3.27)d were shorter than the control group[(7.25±1.12)d,(23.27±4.18)d],with statistical significantce(t=8.194,5.369,P<0.05).After intervention,the Stigma Scale of Chronic Illness(SSCI),Self Rating Depression Scale(SDS),and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)in both groups of patients decreased,and the observation group[(35.67±7.45),(40.02±2.43),(45.36±4.17)]scored lower than the control group[(48.27±10.69),(54.54±3.54),(51.37±4.38)],statistically significantt=5.555,19.426,5.709,P<0.05).The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was significantly lower at 9.09% compared to the control group at 30.30%(χ 2 =4.690,P=0.030,P<0.05).After intervention,the scores of bladder cancer specific module,functional status,mental status,family/social status and physical status  related dimensions of bladder cancer patients’ quality of life scale for bladder cancer patients(FACT-BL)in both groups increased,and the observation group[(34.27±3.26),(25.11±4.23),(21.51±4.23),(25.02±4.43),(20.56±3.11)] scored higher than the control group[(27.00±4.34),(21.11±3.24),(16.12±2.12),(21.54±5.54),(15.87±4.13)],the comparison was statistically significant(t=7.694,4.313,6.544,2.818,5.211,P<0.05).Conclusions  Preventive  risk management has a significant effect on the application of myometrial invasive bladder cancer after radical surgery,which can shorten the recovery time of gastrointestinal function and hospital stay,improve patients’ negative emotions,assist in preventing postoperative complications,and improve patients’ quality of life.
论著

三阴性乳腺癌 Cox 回归临床预测模型的构建与验证:基于SEER 数据库

Construction and validation of a Cox regression clinical prediction model for triple-negative breast cancer:based on the SEER database

:457-468
 
目的   基于SEER数据库分析三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)的预后,并建立Cox回归临床预测模型且进行内部验证。方法   使用SEER*Stat软件(8.4.2版)筛选2010—2015年诊断为TNBC的病例,进行单因素和Cox多因素回归以及向后逐步回归分析,明确与生存相关的独立危险因素,构建预测TNBC患者3年和5年癌症特异生存(CSS)率的Nomogram图,并用受试者工作特征曲线,Harrell’s一致性指数,临床预测模型校准曲线以及决策曲线对该模型进行评估及内部验证,以评估该模型的临床预测效能。结果   共筛选出符合纳入标准的TNBC患者5 564例,按照7∶3的比例随机拆分为训练集(n=3 894)和验证集(n=1 670)。通过单因素,多因素分析显示TNM分期、放射治疗、化学治疗以及手术和其他治疗的先后顺序是与TNBC患者CSS显著相关的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。利用上述预后相关因素建立Nomogram图模型。训练集的C-index为0.731(95%CI:0.712~0.749),验证集的C-index为0.719(95%CI:0.688~0.749),训练集和验证集3年和5年生存ROC曲线的曲线下面积均>0.7,区分度较好,且校准曲线拟合良好。结论  TNM分期、放射治疗、化学治疗以及手术和其他治疗的先后顺序是TNBC的独立预后因素,基于此建立的Nomogram图临床预测模型区分度、准确度以及临床适用性较好,能较好地预测TNBC患者的生存预后。
    Objective  To analyze the prognosis of triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)based on the SEER database,and to establish a Cox regression clinical prediction model with internal validation.Methods  Cases diagnosed with TNBC from 2010 to 2015 were screened using SEER*Stat software(version 8.4.2),and univariate and Cox multifactorial  regression as well as backward stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify the independent risk factors associated with survival,and to construct a clinical prediction model for predicting the three- and five-year cancer specific survival(CSV)of TNBC patients.Survival(CSS)rates of TNBC patients at 3 and 5 years,and the model was evaluated and internally validated using the ROC curve,Harrell’s consistency index(C-index),clinical prediction model calibration curve,and decision-making curve(DCA curve)to assess the predictive efficacy of the model for clinical prediction.Results  A total of 5 564 TNBC patients meeting the inclusion criteria were screened and randomly split into a training set(n=3 894)and a validation set(n=1 670)according to a 7∶3 ratio.By univariate,multivariate analysis showed that T-stage,N-stage,M-stage,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,and the sequence of surgery and other treatments were independent risk factors significantly associated with CSS in TNBC patients.The above prognostic-related factors were utilized to build a Nomogram plot model.The C-index was 0.731(95%CI:0.712-0.749)for the training set and 0.719(95%CI:0.688-0.749)for the validation set,and the areas under the curves of the 3- and 5-year survival ROC curves of both the training and validation sets were >0.7,which was a good differentiation,and the calibration curves were well-fitted.Conclusions  T-stage,N-stage,M-stage,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,and the  sequence of  surgery and other treatments are independent prognostic factors for TNBC,and the Nomogram clinical prediction model based on this has good differentiation,accuracy,and clinical utility,and can better predict the survival prognosis of TNBC patients.
综述

lncRNA linc-UBC1 在恶性肿瘤发生发展中的作用研究进展

Research progress of long non-coding RNA linc-UBC1 in the development of malignant tumors

:323-329
 
      长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是一类长度大于200个核苷酸转录本,通过调控DNA、RNA及蛋白质的表达和功能,参与肿瘤发生、发展并发挥重要作用的RNA,近年来lncRNA成为恶性肿瘤早期诊断和预后标志物研究新的关注方向。Linc-UBC1作为一种新发现的lncRNA,在多种恶性肿瘤如肺癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、食管鳞癌等中异常高表达,可通过作为竞争性RNA(ceRNA)、参与信号通路等促进肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭、细胞周期进展、细胞凋亡和上皮间充质转化(EMT)等过程;高表达的linc-UBC1能够增加恶性肿瘤的耐药性,其表达水平与肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移和原发肿瘤远处转移呈正相关;linc-UBC1有望成为许多恶性肿瘤的新型的生物标志物、预后预测因子和治疗靶点,但其具体的调控机制仍处于研究的早期阶段,有待进一步深入研究。文章就目前linc-UBC1在恶性肿瘤发生和发展中的作用研究进展进行综述。
       Long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)is a class of transcripts with a length of more than 200 nucleotides.It is 
involved in the occurrence and development of tumors and plays an important role by regulating the expression and function of DNA,RNA and protein.In recent years,lncRNA has become a new research direction for early diagnosis and prognosis of malignant tumors.As a newly discovered lncRNA,linc-UBC1 is abnormally highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors such as lung cancer,gastric cancer,colorectal cancer,cervical cancer,ovarian cancer,and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.It can  promote the proliferation,migration,invasion,cell cycle progression,cell apoptosis and EMT of tumor cells by acting as a competing endogenous RNA(ceRNA)and participating in signaling pathways.High expression of linc-UBC1 can increase the drug resistance of malignant tumors,and its expression level is positively correlated with tumor stage,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis of primary tumors.linc-UBC1 is expected to become a new biomarker,prognostic predictor and therapeutic target for many malignant tumors,while its specific regulatory mechanism is still in the early stage of research and needs further in-depth study.This article reviews the current research progress of linc-UBC1 in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors.
论著

人工晶状体集中带量采购效果分析

Effect of centralized volume-based procurement policy of intraocular lens

:203-210
 
       目的 评价人工晶状体(IOL)集中带量采购政策对于白内障摘除术中人工晶状体选择的影响。 回顾性分析2020年6月—2022年5月在广州市第一人民医院眼科完成白内障超声乳化摘除联合IOL植入术的患者,根据医院开始集采的时间(2021年5月)将患者分为集采前组与集采后组。比较两组患者的一般资料、IOL类别、IOL价格、手术费用、国产IOL占比等。结果 集采前组(2020年6月—2021年5月)与集采后组(2021年6月—2022年5月)的白内障手术量分别为1 188例及1 099例(双眼手术者仅纳入一眼),两组患者的年龄及性别比例比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。集采前IOL价格为3 770(3 162~7 950)元,高于集采后的1 613(1 079~4 994)元(P<0.001)。两组患者中非球面单焦点IOL所占比例均为最高,集采后多焦点及散光IOL的数量较集采前增加(集采前vs.集采后:多焦IOL:1.9% vs15.0%;散光IOL:0.2% vs 1.3%,均P<0.05),球面IOL的数量减少(集采前后:7.7% vs 0.6%,P<0.05)。集采后国产IOL的使用率由0.5%增加至3.5%(P<0.001)。并且集采后选择多焦点IOL的患者年龄更大[集采前(62.3±12.4)岁,集采后(66.1±10.5)岁,P=0.02]。结论  IOL集中带量采购政策减轻了白内障患者的经济负担,增加了高端IOL的使用量,同时减少了国家医疗保险的支出,并且促进国产医用耗材的使用。
     Objective  To evaluate the influence of intraocular lens(IOLs)purchasing policy in  a  centralized volume-based manner on patients’ selection of cataract extraction surgery.Methods The  patients who  completed  cataract phacoemulsification combined with IOLs implantation in the ophthalmology department of Guangzhou First People’s Hospital from June 2020 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the time of centralized  IOLs procurement policy implemented in our hospital(May 2021),the patients were divided into before centralized purchase group(from June 2020 to May 2021)and centralized purchase group(from June 2021 to May 2022).The demographics of study population,IOLs category,IOLs cost,operation cost and the proportion of Chinese-made IOLs were compared between the two groups.Results The total numbers of operations in the before centralized purchase group and centralized purchase group  were 1 188 and 1 099 eyes(only one eye was included in the binocular surgery),respectively.There was no significant difference in the age and sex between the two groups(P>0.05).The median cost of IOLs in the before centralized purchase group was 3 770(3 162,7 950),which was higher than that of centralized purchase group [1 613(1 079,4 994),P<0.001].The proportion of aspherical  IOLs was the highest in both groups.The number of multifocal and astigmatic  IOLs in the centralized purchase group increased significantly compared with those of before centralized purchase group(multifocal IOLs:1.9% and 15.0%;astigmatic IOLs:0.2% and 1.3%,all P<0.05).The number of spherical IOLs decreased significantly(7.7% and 0.6%,P<0.05).The utilization rate of domestic IOLs increased from 0.5% to 3.5%(P<0.001).The patients who chose multifocal IOLs in centralized purchase group were older than patients in before centralized purchase group [(62.3±12.4)vs(66.1±10.5),P=0.02].Conclusions The centralized volume-based procurement policy of IOLs reduces the economic burden of patients and increase the use of high-end IOLs.At the same time,it reduces the expenditure of national medical insurance and promotes the use of domestic medical consumables.
论著

恶性中胚叶混合瘤临床病理特征分析

Analysis of clinicopathologic features of malignant mesodermal mixed tumor

:160-165
 
       目的   总结女性生殖系统中恶性中胚叶混合瘤(MMMT)的临床病理特征及预后,分析P53及错配修复蛋白与MMMT发病之间的关系。方法   收集大理大学第一附属医院2015年9月—2022年9月15例经手术切除病理诊断为MMMT的病例,总结临床病理特点、免疫表型(P53、错配修复蛋白等)、治疗方案并随访。结果  15例MMMT原发于子宫10例,卵巢5例。发病年龄范围49~76岁,平均年龄60岁,中位年龄58岁。临床表现为阴道流血或流液,伴或不伴腹痛或盆腔包块。镜下肿瘤均由不同比例的恶性上皮和间叶源性肿瘤构成,P53野生型12例,突变型3例;错配修复蛋白(MSH6、MSH2、MLH1、PMS2)检测存在缺失的有4例。15例患者中均行手术治疗,12例行盆腔淋巴结清扫术,术后辅以放化疗。随访失访2例,死亡4例,复发6例,3例术后无复发和转移。结论   恶性中胚叶混合瘤临床少见,恶性程度高,病理诊断上存在困难,需要辅以免疫组织化学染色,P53及错配修复蛋白缺失与MMMT的发生存在一定关系。治疗上需要手术切除,辅以放化疗。
    Objective  To summarize the clinical and pathological characteristics and prognosis of malignant mesodermal mixed tumor(MMMT)in the female reproductive system,and analyze the relationship between P53 and mismatch  repair proteins and the onset of MMMT.Methods  A total of 15 cases diagnosed with MMMT after surgical resection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University from September 2015 to September 2022 were collected.The clinical and pathological characteristics,immune phenotype(P53,mismatch repair protein,etc. ),treatment plan were summarized.And the patients were followed-up.Results  Ten of 15 cases of MMMT were primary in the uterus and 5 of 10 in the ovaries.The age range of onset was 49 to 76 years old,with an average age of 60 and a median age of 58.Clinical manifestations included vaginal bleeding or fluid discharge,with or without abdominal pain or pelvic masses.Under the microscope,all tumors were composed of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal tumors in different proportions,with 12 cases of P53 wild-type and 3 cases of mutant type.There were 4 cases of missing mismatch repair proteins(MSH6,MSH2,MLH1,PMS2)detected.Among the 15 patients,all underwent surgical treatment,and 12 underwent pelvic lymph node dissection with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Two cases were lost to follow-up,four cases died,six cases recurred,and three cases had no recurrence or metastasis after surgery.Conclusions  MMMT are rare in clinical practice,with high malignancy and poor prognosis.Pathological diagnosis is difficult,and immunohistochemical staining is needed.The absence of P53 and mismatch repair protein is related to the occurrence of MMMT. Surgical  resection is required for treatment,supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
论著

癌症患者生命质量测定量表体系之肾癌量表(QLICP-REV2.0)的条目筛选

Items selection on the Specific Module of Quality of Life Instruments for patients with renal cancer (QLICP-REV2.0)

:77-81
 
       目的   开发适合中国肾癌患者的生命质量测定量表的特异模块。   采用议题小组和核心小组的程序化决策方式,提出条目池,形成初步量表,采用医生及患者重要性评分法、相关系数法、变异度法、因子分析法和克朗巴赫系数α对20例肾癌患者和20名医护人员进行的数据进行统计分析。结果   经过上述方法进行筛检,结合专家小组的建议,最终得到含有11个条目的肾癌生命质量测定量表的特异模块。结论 肾癌的生命质量测定量表特异模块严格按照程序执行,具有较好的内容效度。
      Objective  To develop the specific module of the quality of life instruments for patients with renal cancer(QLICP-RE).Methods  With the structured group(nominal group and focus group)methods,the item pool was put forward and a preliminary instrument was formed.The data from 20 renal cancer patients and 20 doctors/nurses were analyzed by statistical procedures.Doctors and patients’ importance rating procedure,correlation analysis,method of coefficient of variation,factor analysis,and Cronbach’s α.Results  By above statistical procedures and advises of expert panel,11-items of the specific module were formed finally.Conclusions  The specific module of QLICP-RE developed on the strict procedures has good content validity and representativeness.
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