目的 探讨通络熄风汤联合西医基础治疗对缺血性脑卒中急性期的临床疗效观察及其安全性。方法 选择2013年4月—2015年4月之间于我院收治的缺血性脑卒中急性期患者112例随机分为联合组(n=56)与对照组(n=56)。两组缺血性脑卒中急性期患者均采用常规治疗,联合组在此基础上服用通络熄风汤。比较两组治疗总有效率,神经功能缺损积分,ADL评分,血清NSE水平及用药安全性。结果 联合组总有效率(91.07%)高于对照组(75.00%)(P<0.05);神经功能缺损评分治疗后联合组与对照组低于治疗前(P<0.05);神经功能缺损评分治疗后联合组低于对照组(P<0.05);ADL评分治疗后联合组与对照组高于治疗前(P<0.05);ADL评分治疗后联合组高于对照组(P<0.05);血清NSE水平治疗后联合组与对照组低于治疗前(P<0.05);血清NSE水平治疗后联合组低于对照组(P<0.05);联合组与对照组在用药期间均无发现有严重药物不良反应。结论 通络熄风汤联合西医基础治疗对缺血性脑卒中急性期的临床疗效明显,并且用药安全性良好。

目的 了解脑卒中患者对社区康复的认知和需求情况。方法 对广州市从化区街口街社区475例脑卒中患者进行问卷调查,调查患者对社区康复认知和需求等相关内容。结果 对脑卒中社区康复知晓者293人,知晓率为61.7%。对社区康复有需求者258人,需求率为54.3%。在对社区康复知晓人群中,文化程度在中学以上、家庭经济≥5000元/月、付费方式为非自费者知晓率较高(P<0.05); 年龄及性别因素无差异(P>0.05)。在对社区康复有需求的人群中,年龄<60岁、男性、文化程度中学以上、家庭经济≥5000元/月、付费方式为非自费者需求率较高(P<0.05)。需求内容最多的是日常活动支持,达100%,需求内容最少的为专业器械支持,仅为26.0%。功能障碍程度越高的脑卒中患者对心理支持、药物支持、专业人员及专业器械支持的需求越高(P<0.05)。结论 脑卒中患者对社区康复的知晓和需要情况一般,仍需多方面的共同努力,促进脑卒中社区康复的开展和发展。

目的 探讨经皮穴位电刺激对脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢功能的影响。方法 41例脑卒中患者随机分为TAES组和安慰刺激组,分别为21例和20例。两组常规治疗相同。TAES组采用KD-2A型经皮神经电刺激治疗仪治疗,刺激部位选择患侧下肢的4个穴位(足三里ST 36、太冲LV 13、阳陵泉GB 34、昆仑BI 60),频率100 Hz,脉宽0.2 ms,强度为患者最大耐受强度为限;安慰刺激组接受治疗的部位时间和疗程与TAES组相同,但每次治疗时没有电流输出。治疗前、治疗2周、治疗3周分别用综合痉挛量表(CSS)评定踝关节痉挛,Fugl-Meyer运动评定量表中下肢部分(FMA)评定下肢运动功能,Berg平衡量表(BBS)评定平衡功能。结果 组内比较:治疗2周和治疗3周后与治疗前比较两组CSS、FMA下肢部分、BBS评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较:治疗2周和3周后,TAES组CSS、FMA、BBS评分优于安慰刺激组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 TAES治疗能减轻脑卒中患者偏瘫下肢痉挛程度和提高平衡功能,改善下肢运动能力。

Objective To investigate the effect of transcutaneous accupoint electrical stimulation(TAES)in enhancing motor and functional recovery of the lower extremity in subjects with stroke. Methods 41 subjects with first stroke were randomly assigned into 2 groups:TAES group and placebo stimulation group.All subjects received the same standard rehabilitation.In the TAES group.Model KD-2A stimulator was applied with 0.2 ms pulses,at 100 Hz within the subject's tolerance level on the 4 acupuncture points(ST 36,LV 3,GB 34,and Bl 60)in the affected lower legs for 60 min,5 days a week for 3 weeks;The time and the course of treatment of the placebo stimulation group was as well as the TAES group's,but no current output for each treatment.All subjects in the 2 groups received standard rehabilitation program.Measurements including composite spasticity score(CSS)for the spasticity of the ankle planter flexors,Fugl-Meyer motor assessment(FMA)for the lower extremity,and Berg Balance Scale(BBS)for balance were recorded before treatment,after 2 and 3 weeks' treatment. Results After 2 and 3 weeks of treatment,the CSS score in the TAES group was significantly lower than the placebo stimulation group(P<0.05)and the FMA score and BBS score in the TAES group was significantly higher than the placebo stimulation group(P<0.05). Conclusion Transcutaneous accupoint electrical stimulation significantly decreased ankle plantar flexor spasticity and improve motor function of the affected lower extremity.

目的 探讨经皮穴位电刺激对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动功能的影响。方法 37例脑卒中患者随机分为TAES组(n=19)和安慰刺激组(n=18)。两组常规治疗相同。TAES组采用KD-2A型经皮神经电刺激治疗仪治疗,刺激部位选择患侧上肢的4个穴位(肩髃、曲池、外关、合谷),频率100 Hz,脉宽0.2 ms,强度以患者最大耐受强度为限;每天治疗1次,每次60 min,连续3周共15次;安慰刺激组接受治疗的部位、时间和疗程与TAES组相同,但每次治疗时没有电流输出。治疗前、治疗第2周、治疗第3周分别用上肢Fugl-Meyer评分和改良Barthel指数评分(MBI)评定上肢运动功能及日常生活活动能力。结果 治疗前,两组患者间的一般情况、FMA-UE 评分和MBI评分的比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经过治疗,两组患者的FMA-UE和MBI评分与治疗前比较均有改善(P<0.05);TAES组FMA-UE和MBI评分的改善较安慰刺激组明显(P<0.05)。结论 TAES治疗能够提高脑卒中患者上肢运动功能,提高生活自理能力。

Objective To investigate the effect of transcutaneous accupoint electrical stimulation (TAES) in enhancing upper limb function in subjects with stroke. Methods 37 subjects with first stroke were randomly assigned into 2 groups:TAES group(n=19) and placebo stimulation group(n=18). All subjects received the same standard rehabilitation. In the TAES group, Model KD-2A stimulator was applied with 0.2 ms pulses, at 100 Hz within the subject's tolerance level on the 4 acupuncture points (LI15, L I11, LI4, and SJ5) in the affected upper limb for 60 min, 5 days a week for 3 weeks; The time and the course of treatment of the placebo stimulation group were as well as the TAES group's, but no current output for each treatment. All subjects in the 2 groups received standard rehabilitation program. Measurements including Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FMA-UE) and modified Barthel index(MBI) on affected side were recorded before treatment after 2 and 3 weeks' treatments. Results After 3 weeks treatments,the function scores on affected side of the two groups were improved significantly(P<0.05). And function scores of the TAES group were significantly improved than those of the placebo group (P<0.05). Conclusion Transcutaneous accupoint electrical stimulation significantly may improve the recovery of upper limb function.

       目的   本研究以脑卒中患者为研究对象，通过二代Illumina高通量测序平台对患者的粪便标本进行微生物群落多样性测序。选择物种丰度≥30%的24个门类（Phylum）作为肠道菌群的研究指标，进而研究肠道菌群与脑卒后抑郁（PSD）之间的相关关系。方法   以40位脑卒中患者的24个门类作为特征变量，抑郁组和对照组为二分类目标变量，建立以Logistic回归、随机森林、支持向量机和AdaBoost为基模型的Stacking分类模型。主成分分析方法作为该模型的特征选择方法选择恰当的主成分进行模型训练，通过二分类评价报告（precision、recall、f1-score）、ROC曲线和混淆矩阵等评价指标对其性能进行评价。结果   （1）通过差异性检验分析了两组（抑郁组和对照组）的基线一致（P＜0.05）；（2）从Stacking模型融合的角度定量分析了影响脑卒中后抑郁情绪的具体肠道菌群。研究结果可知，放线菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门和酸杆菌门在PSD患者中均增加（P＜0.001）；厚壁菌门，疣微菌门，绿弯菌门和软壁菌门在PSD患者中降低（P＜0.001）。结论   以上菌群是影响脑卒中后抑郁患者情绪的主要影响因素，因此，在临床上通过恰当干预肠道菌群的变化来调节脑卒中后抑郁患者的抑郁水平，这为脑卒中后抑郁情绪的诊断和治疗方案提供科学依据。

        Objective  In this study，patients with stroke were selected as the research object，and the microbial community diversity of patients’ stool samples was sequenced by the second-generation Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform．Twenty four phylum species with 30% species abundance were selected as indicators for the study of gut microbiota，and then the correlation between gut microbiota and post-stroke depression（PSD） was studied．Methods  Taking 24 categories of 40 stroke patients as characteristic variables，depression group and control group as dichotomous target variables，a stacking classification model based on Logistic regression，random forest，support vector machine and AdaBoost was established．As the feature selection method of the model，principal component analysis selects the appropriate principal components for model training，and evaluates its performance through dichotomous evaluation reports（precision，recall，f1 score），ROC curve and confusion matrix．Results  The baseline of the two groups（depression group and control group）was consistent（P＜0.05）through the difference test．From the perspective of stacking model fusion，the specific intestinal flora affecting post-stroke depression was quantitatively analyzed．The results showed that Actinobacteria，Bacteroidetes，Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were significantly increased in PSD patients（P＜0.001），while Firmicutes，Verrucomicrobia，Chloroflexi and Tenericutes were significantly decreased in PSD patients（P＜0.001）．Conclusions  The above microbiota are the main factors affecting the mood of patients with post-stroke depression．Therefore，in clinical practice，we can adjust the depression level of patients with post-stroke depression by properly intervening the changes of intestinal microbiota，which provides a scientific basis for the diagnosis and treatment of PSD．

     目的   探讨综合康复训练对脑卒中后轻度认知障碍患者的应用效果及认知功能影响。方法   选取2022年2月—2023年2月暨南大学附属广州红十字会医院收治的80例脑卒中后轻度认知障碍患者展开前瞻性研究，应用抽签法将其分为综合康复组与常规组，各40例。常规组实施常规干预，综合康复组在常规组基础上增加综合康复训练，对比其认知功能，简易智能精神状态检查量表（MMSE）、美国国立卫生院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分变化，运动功能与平衡功能，日常生活能力与生活质量。结果   干预后综合康复组患者洛文斯顿作业疗法认知量表评分注意力为（3.36±0.42）分、思维运动为（17.34±2.31）分、定向力为（13.19±1.24）分，均高于常规组，且两组干预后高于干预前（P＜0.05）；干预后综合康复组患者MMSE评分为（25.58±4.12）分高于常规组，且两组干预后高于干预前，NIHSS评分为（14.53±2.62）分，低于常规组，且两组干预后低于干预前（P＜0.05）；干预后综合康复组患者Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表评分为（14.51±3.23）分、手臂动作调查测试表评分为（26.86±5.25）分、平衡量表评分为（43.06±5.13）分，高于常规组，且两组干预后高于干预前（P＜0.05）；干预后综合康复组患者日常生活活动能力量表评分为（53.02±4.43）分、脑卒中专用生活质量量表评分为（97.11±12.23）分，高于常规组，且两组干预后高于干预前（P＜0.05）。结论   针对脑卒中后轻度认知障碍患者采取综合康复训练可促进患者认知功能恢复，提升患者运动功能及机体平衡功能，改善患者智力水平与神经功能，进一步提升患者日常生活能力与生活质量。

        Objective  To explore the effect of comprehensive  rehabilitation training on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment after stroke．Methods  A  prospective  study was conducted on  80  patients with mild cognitive impairment after stroke，who admitted to the hospital from February 2022 to February 2023．They were divided into a comprehensive rehabilitation group and a control group using a lottery method，with 40 patients in each group．The control group  received  routine intervention，while the comprehensive  rehabilitation group  received additional comprehensive  rehabilitation training on the basis of the control group．Their cognitive function，Mini Mental State Examination Scale（MMSE），National  Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in the United States（NIHSS）score changes，motor function and balance function，daily living ability and quality of life were compared．Results  After intervention，the Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Scale scores of attention（3.36±0.42），thinking and motor（17.34±2.31），and orientation（13.19±1.24）in the comprehensive  rehabilitation group were higher than those in the control group，and both groups had higher scores after intervention than before（P＜0.05）．After intervention，the MMSE score（25.58±4.12）of patients in the comprehensive rehabilitation group was higher than that of the control group，and both groups had higher scores after intervention compared to those before intervention．The NIHSS score（14.53±2.62）was lower than that of the control group，and both groups had lower scores after intervention compared to those before intervention（P＜0.05）．After intervention，the Fugl Meyer Assessment score（14.51±3.23），Arm Movement Survey Test Form score（26.86±5.25），and Balance Scale score（43.06±5.13）in the comprehensive rehabilitation group were higher than those in the control group，and both groups had higher scores after intervention than before（P＜0.05）．After intervention，the Basic Activity of Daily Living score（53.02±4.43）and stroke specific quality of life score（97.11±12.23）in the comprehensive  rehabilitation group were higher than those in the control group，and both groups had higher scores after intervention than before（P＜0.05）．Conclusions  Comprehensive  rehabilitation training for patients with mild cognitive impairment after stroke can promote cognitive function recovery，improve motor function and balance function，enhance intelligence and neurological function，and further improve daily living ability and quality of life．

        目的   观察急性期脑卒中患者早期针刺结合康复训练的临床疗效。方法   采用单盲、分层、区组随机设计分组，随机分成针康组与康复组。针康组35例，康复组35例，按5 d为一个疗程，共4个疗程。采用Fug-Meyer运动功能评分法（FMA）、巴氏指数（BI）、脑卒中专用生活质量量表（SS-QOL）对治疗前及治疗后4周末、出院后8周末及随访期3个月、6个月末的死亡率、残疾率、复发率评估，比较两组的疗效。结果   两组基线比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。组间比较：4周末 FMA、BI评分两组相比差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05），8周末则具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。SS-QOL评分在第4周末和第8周末相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。随访3个月、6个月末的死亡率、致残率和复发率差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。组间多重比较，两组4、8周末 FMA、 BI和SS-QOL评分较治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。针刺康复组8周末疗效优于4周末（P＜0.01），康复组8周末与4周末相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。针刺康复组4、8周末SS-QOL评分显著高于治疗前（P＜0.01），8周末与4周末相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），康复组各时间点SS-QOL评分两两比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论   对急性脑卒中患者进行早期针刺结合康复训练，可明显改善其肢体运动功能和日常生活活动能力。

       Objective  To observe the clinical efficacy of early acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training in acute-phase stroke patients．Methods  Single-blind，stratified，zone group randomized design grouping was adopted，and  randomly divided into acupuncture rehabilitation group and rehabilitation group．There were 35 cases in the acupuncture rehabilitation group and 35 cases in the rehabilitation group，received 4 courses，5 days in each course．Fugl-Meyer Assessment（FMA），Barthel Index（BI），Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale（SS-QOL） scores and mortality，disability and recurrence rates at the end of 3 and 6 months of follow-up were used to compare the efficacy of the two groups．Results  Comparing the basic conditions of the two groups，the difference was not significant（P＞0.05）．Comparison between groups：differences FMA and BI scores between two groups at the end of 4 weekends were not significant（P＞0.05），while differences were significant（P＜0.01）at the end of 8 weekends．SS-QOL scores at the end of 4 weekends and the end of 8 weekends were not significant different between two groups（P＞0.05）．Mortality，disability and  recurrence  rates at the end of 3 and 6 months of follow-up were not significantly different（P＞0.05）．Multiple comparisons between groups：there were significant differences in FMA，BI and SS-QOL scores at the end of 4 and 8 weeks between the two groups compared with the pre-treatment period（P＜0.01）．The efficacy of the acupuncture rehabilitation group at the end of 8 weekends was significantly better than that at the end of 4 weekends（P＜0.01），and there was no statistically significant difference between the rehabilitation group at the end of 8 weekends and that at the end of 4 weekends（P＞0.05）．The SS-QOL scores at the end of 4 and 8 weekends in the acupuncture rehabilitation group were significantly higher than those before treatment（P＜0.01），and there was no statistically significant difference at the end of 8 weekends compared with that at the end of 4 weekends（P＞0.05），and there was a statistically significant difference in the two-by-two comparisons of SS-QOL scores at each time point in the rehabilitation group（P＜0.01）．Conclusions  Early acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training for acute stroke patients can significantly improve their extremities motor function and daily vitality．

       目的   探讨清醒镇静应用在急性缺血性脑卒中血管内治疗中的效果。方法   选择2020年1月—2023年3月医院接收的急性缺血性脑卒中患者82例进行研究，按随机数表法分为2组，每组各41例，两组采取溶栓与取栓治疗，对照组采取全身麻醉方式，观察组采取清醒镇静方式，记录两组治疗相关参数，比较两组近期疗效、并发症发生情况及预后。结果   观察组入院到腹股沟穿刺时间（95.52±3.63）min、穿刺至血管再通时间（72.25±5.58）min低于对照组（112.25±4.18）min、（102.45±10.63）min（t=19.349，P＜0.05）；观察组ICU时间（7.81±2.63）d、住院时间（13.75±3.64）d，与对照组（8.05±2.81）d、（14.52±4.07）d比较差异无统计学意义（t分别为0.524、0.399、0.902，P分别为0.601、0.690、0.369）。观察组近期总有效39例（95.12%）与对照组37例（90.24%）比较差异无统计学意义（χ ² =0.719，P=0.396）。观察组症状性颅内出血3例（7.32%）与对照组6例（14.63%）比较差异无统计学意义（χ ² =1.123，P=0.289）；观察组脑水肿4例（9.76%）、坠积性肺炎12例（29.27%），低于对照组7例（17.07%）、18例（43.90%）（χ 2分别为4.969、6.962，P分别为0.025、0.008）。观察组预后良好21例（51.22%）高于对照组10例（24.39%）（χ ² =6.275，P=0.012）。结论   急性缺血性脑卒中患者溶栓与取栓治疗中采取清醒镇静方式可获得与全身麻醉相近的疗效，而且可进一步缩短治疗时间，促进血管快速再通，减少相关并发症，使患者获得更好的预后。

       Objective  To investigate the conscious sedation effect of endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke．Methods  A total of 82 patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the hospital from January 2020 to March 2023 were selected and divided into two groups according to the random number table method，with 41 cases in each group．The two groups were treated with thrombolysis and thrombectomy，the control group was treated with general anesthesia，and the observation group was treated with conscious sedation．The short-term efficacy，complications and prognosis were compared between the two groups．Results  The time from admission to groin puncture ［（95.52±3.63）min］ and time from puncture to vascular  recanalization ［（72.25±5.58）min］ in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ［（112.25±4.18）min，（102.45±10.63）min］（t=19.349，P＜0.05）．Observation group ICU time，length of hospital stay（7.81+2.63）d（13.75+3.64）d，and the control group（8.05+2.81）d，（14.52-4.07）d  had  no  statistically  significant  difference in comparison（t were 0.524，0.399，0.902，P were 0.601，0.690，0.369）．Recent total effective cases observation in group was 39（95.12%）and control group was 37（90.24%），there was no statistically significant difference comparing（χ ² =0.719，P=0.396）．Observation group had symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in three patients（7.32%）and control group had six cases（14.63%），there was no statistically significant difference（χ ² =1.123，P=0.289）．There were four cases（9.76%）of brain edema and 12 cases（29.27%）of hypostatic pneumonia in the observation group，which were significantly lower than seven cases（17.07%）and 18 cases（43.90%）in the control group（χ ² =4.969，6.962，P=0.025，0.008）．The number of patients with good prognosis in the observation group（21 cases，51.22%）was significantly higher than that in the control group（10 cases，24.39%）（χ ² =6.275，P=0.012）．Conclusions In the treatment of acute ischemic stroke patients with thrombolysis and thrombectomy，conscious sedation can achieve the same efficacy as general anesthesia，and can further shorten the treatment time，promote  rapid recanalization of blood vessels and reduce related complications，so that patients can get a better prognosis．