目的 了解惠州市早产儿视网膜病变的发病状况,并探讨相关危险因素。方法 回顾分析我院在2015年1月—2015年9月776例(1552只眼)早产儿和低体重儿的眼病筛查资料。结果 776例早产儿中,发现各期ROP共27例,检出率3.479%,其中包括1期11例(18只眼),2期11例(22只眼),3期2例(4只眼),AP-ROP3例(6只眼)。统计学分析显示,ROP组和无ROP组在出生胎龄、出生体重、吸氧史间比较,差异有统计学意义,提示早产、低出生体重与ROP的发生密切相关。结论 惠州地区ROP发病率3.479%,出生体重、出生胎龄、吸氧史及宫内缺氧、母体慢性高血压合并妊娠等孕期母体因素都是影响其发生的高危因素。
Objective To study the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity and to analyse the risk factors for ROP. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 776 premature children from January 2015 to September 2015. Results In the 776 premature babies examinaion, 26 cases(54 eyes, 3.479%)developed ROP, including 11 cases (18 eyes) suffering from stage 1,11 cases (22 eyes) from stage 2,2 cases (4 eyes) from stage 3,3cases (6 eyes) from AP-ROP. The results of statistical analysis showed that gestational age, birth weight and oxygen therapy were significantly to ROP. Clinical analysis indicated that prematurity, low birth weight and oxygen therapy were closely related to the occurrence of ROP. Conclusion The incidence of ROP in Huizhou city is 3.479%. The gestational age, birth weight ,intrauterine hypoxia, and maternal prenatal factors such as chronic hypertension with pregnancy are the high risk factors of ROP.
目的 探讨早期干预对早产儿运动水平及技能的影响。方法 2013年3月—2014年3月在惠州市出生的283例有早产背景的高危儿,按照家长意愿分为两组,早产儿干预组143例及早产儿对照组140例。选择同时期出生的145例正常足月新生儿作为正常对照组。早产儿干预组根据评估结果制定干预训练方案,并按照评估—干预—评估的模式调整干预方案,早产儿对照组和正常对照组按健康检查的顺序进行体检并给予相关指导。在月龄3、6、9、12、18月时对三组婴儿行AIMS评估和神经系统相关检查。结果 早产儿干预组的运动发育水平明显高于早产儿对照组(P<0.01),神经系统异常率低于早产儿对照组(P<0.01),而早产儿干预组的神经系统异常率高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。但运动发育水平与正常对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 早期干预能提升早产儿运动发育水平,改善运动技能,减少神经系统异常发生率,提高早产儿生存质量。
目的 探讨光疗对早产儿血浆β-内啡肽含量的影响及与早产儿呼吸暂停的相关性。方法 收集我院住院早产儿92例,检测早产儿光疗前、中、后的血浆β-内啡肽及血清电解质、血糖及pH值,并将光疗过程中出现呼吸暂停者纳入光疗呼吸暂停组28例,无呼吸暂停者纳入光疗非呼吸暂停组44例,并设非光疗无呼吸暂停早产儿为对照组20例,比较组间上述指标的差异。结果 各组早产儿的血清电解质、血糖、血液pH值在光疗前、中、后无变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。光疗呼吸暂停组的血浆β-内啡肽浓度在光疗前、中、后无变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),光疗呼吸暂停组和非呼吸暂停组之间血浆β-内啡肽的浓度无变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),光疗组与非光疗组β-内啡肽浓度无变化,差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 早产儿光疗前后β-内啡肽浓度无变化,呼吸暂停与β-内啡肽含量无相关性。
目的 探讨出生胎龄<37周早产儿发生败血症时的临床特征及其不良结局的危险因素。方法 收集2020年1月—2023年12月安徽医科大学第一附属医院本部新生儿科收治出生胎龄<37周且发生败血症早产儿的临床资料;根据败血症发生时间分为早发型败血症(EOS)49例,晚发型败血症(LOS)150例;根据是否出现不良结局,分为结局不良组90例,结局良好组109例。分析EOS和LOS败血症的临床特征,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析早产儿败血症出现不良结局的危险因素。结果 早产儿败血症中EOS患儿出生胎龄更小,生后1 min Apgar评分更低,孕母羊水污染、胎膜早破≥18 h发生率较LOS更高(P<0.05);早产儿败血症临床表现无特异性,但LOS患儿休克发生率更高(P<0.05);早产儿易发生革兰阴性菌感染,合并先天性心脏病(OR=2.490,P<0.05)、出生胎龄<30周(OR=4.851,P<0.05)、出生体质量小于1 500 g(OR=4.169,P<0.05)是早产儿败血症发生不良结局的危险因素。结论 早产儿败血症临床表现无特异性,更易发生革兰阴性菌感染,出生胎龄越小、体质量越低发生不良结局的风险更高。
Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of adverse outcomes of sepsis in premature infants with gestational age < 37 weeks.Methods Clinical data of preterm infants < 37 weeksof gestational age admitted to the Department of Neonatology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2020 to December 2023 were collected.According to the timing of sepsis,49 cases with early-onset sepsis(EOS)and 150 cases with late-onset sepsis(LOS)were diagnosed.According to the outcome,90 cases were divided into the adverse outcome group and 109 cases were good outcome group.The clinical characteristics of EOS and LOS were analyzed,and the risk factors of adverse outcomes were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.Results The gestational age of EOS infants was smaller at birth,the 1 minute Apgar score was lower ,and the incidence of amniotic fluid contamination and premature rupture of membranes ≥18h were higher than those in LOS infants(P<0.05).The clinical manifestations of sepsis in premature infants were not specific,but the incidence of shock was higher in LOS children(P<0.05).Preterm infants were more likely to develop gram-negative bacterial infection,congenital heart disease(OR=2.490,P<0.05),gestational age <30 weeks(OR=4.851,P<0.05),and birth weight < 1 500 g(OR=4.169,P<0.05)were identified as significant risk factors for adverse sepsis outcomes in preterm infants.Conclusions The clinical manifestations of septicemia in preterm infants are non-specific,and they are more likely to suffer from gram-negative bacterial infection.The younger the gestational age and lower the birth weight of preterm infants,the higher the risk of adverse outcomes after sepsis.
目的 探讨晚期早产儿中小于胎龄儿(SGA)与适于胎龄儿(AGA)出生时的铁代谢状态。方法 选取2020年1—12月合肥市妇幼保健院收治的150例晚期早产儿(胎龄34~36+6周)作为研究对象。按照出生体质量和胎龄将早产儿分为SGA组(36例)和AGA组(114例),分析比较两组早产儿出生时的铁代谢状态,并应用多因素线性回归分析血清铁的影响因素。结果 与AGA组相比,SGA婴儿的更低的血清铁[14.5 μmol /L (11.4,17.1) vs 16.4 μmol /L(14.1,18.4),P=0.004]、更低的血清铁蛋白[135.6 μg/L(101.8,176.2) vs 172.5 μg/L(123.0,218.3),P=0.009]和更低的总铁结合力[30.4 μmol/L(26.8,34.9)vs 35.4 μmol/L(29.5,44.6),P=0.001]。两组早产儿的血红蛋白、平均红细胞体积、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在早产儿围生期特征中,胎盘异常(β= –1.949,P=0.009)和母亲糖尿病的发生(β= –2.324,P=0.001)与血清铁水平呈负相关。结论 与早产AGA相比,早产SGA铁储备水平较低,适量补充铁元素对小于胎龄新生儿身体发育有促进作用。
Objective To explore the iron metabolism status in late preterm infants who are small for gestational age(SGA)compared to those appropriate for gestational age(AGA)at birth.Methods A total of 150 late preterm infants(gestational age 34 to 36+6 weeks)admitted to the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hefei from January to December 2020 were selected as the study subjects.The preterm infants were divided into the SGA group(36 cases)and the AGA group(114 cases)according to birth weight and gestational age.The iron metabolism status at birth was analyzed and compared between the two groups of preterm infants,and multiple linear regression analysis was applied to identify the influencing factors of serum iron.Results Compared with the AGA group,SGA infants had lower serum iron(14.5[11.4,17.1] vs 16.4 [14.1,18.4],P=0.004),lower serum iron protein(135.6[101.8,176.2] vs 172.5[123.0,218.3],P=0.009),and lower total iron binding capacity(30.4[26.8,34.9] vs35.4[29.5,44.6]P=0.001).There were no statistically significant differences in hemoglobin,mean corpuscular volume,mean corpuscular hemoglobin,and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration between the two groups of preterm infants(P>0.05).Among the perinatal characteristics of preterm infants,placental abnormalities(β= –1.949,P=0.009)and the occurrence of maternal diabetes(β= –2.324,P=0.001)were significantly negatively correlated with serum iron levels.Conclusions Compared with preterm infants appropriate for gestational age,preterm infants who are small for gestational age have lower iron reserves at birth.Adequate supplementation of iron has a promoting effect on the physical development of small for gestational age newborns.
目的 探究经鼻间歇正压通气(NIPPV)和经鼻持续正压通气(NCPAP)作为早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征气管插管机械通气拔管后无创呼吸支持过渡的临床效果的差异。方法 纳入2021年1月—2023年6月在广东省吴川市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心治疗的新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征早产儿66例,用随机数字表法将患儿分为NIPPV组(33例)和NCPAP组(33例)。NIPPV组患儿予经鼻间歇正压通气作为过渡期无创呼吸支持,NCPAP组患儿则予以经鼻持续正压通气作为过渡期无创呼吸支持。对比两组患儿治疗前后血气分析结果、脱机失败率、无创呼吸支持时间、无创后吸氧时间、总给氧时间等指标。结果 接受无创呼吸支持12 h后,NIPPV组患儿的PaO2升至(76.46±1.10)mmHg,高于NCPAP组患儿的(75.51±2.15)mmHg(t=2.249,P=0.028)。此外,NIPPV组患儿的SaO2升至(96.36±0.52)%,也高于NCPAP组患儿的(96.07±0.59)%(t=2.138,P=0.034)。而NIPPV组患儿的PaCO2则降至(41.39±0.74)mmHg,较NCPAP组患儿的(41.87±0.95 )mmHg低(t=-2.230,P=0.025)。NIPPV组无创呼吸支持时间为(3.09±0.52)d,短于NCPAP组的(3.45±0.62)d,且该差异有统计学意义(t=2.584,P=0.012)。同样的,NIPPV组总给氧时间(9.52±0.76)天较NCPAP组的(10.00±0.79)天短,且该差异有统计学意义(t=-2.548,P=0.013)。而两组在脱机失败率、无创呼吸支持后吸氧时间、不良反应发生率等方面比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论 与NCPAP模式相比,早产儿拔管后应用NIPPV模式进行无创呼吸支持取得的临床效果更优。
Objective To explore the difference of clinical effect of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation(NIPPV)and nasal continuous positive pressure ventilation(NCPAP)as non-invasive respiratory support mode after extubation in preterm infants with endotracheal intubation.Methods Sixty-six cases of preterm infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome treated in our hospital from January 2021 to June 2023 were included.All the subjects were randomly divided into NIPPV group(n=33)and NCPAP group(n=33).The blood gas analysis results,weaning failure rate,non-invasive respiratory support time,oxygen inhalation time after noninvasive ventilation,total oxygen administration time.were compared between the two groups.Results After 12 hours of noninvasive respiratory support,PaO2 in the NIPPV group increased to(76.46±1.10)mmHg,which was significantly higher than that(75.51±2.15)mmHg in the NCPAP group(t=2.249,P=0.028).In addition,SaO2 in the NIPPV group increased to (96.36±0.52)%,which was also significantly higher than that(96.07±0.59)% in the NCPAP group(t=2.138,P=0.034).The PaCO2 in the NIPPV group decreased to (41.39±0.74)mmHg,which was lower than that(41.87±0.95)mmHg in the NCPAP group(t=-2.230,P=0.025).The duration of non-invasive respiratory support in the NIPPV group(3.09±0.52) days was shorter than that(3.45±0.62)days in the NCPAP group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=2.584,P=0.012).Similarly,the total duration of oxygen administration in the NIPPV group(9.52±0.76)days was shorter than that(10.00±0.79)days in the NCPAP group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=-2.548,P=0.013).There were no significant differences in weaning failure rate,oxygen inhalation time after noninvasive respiratory support,and incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusions Compared with NCPAP mode,NIPPV mode for non-invasive respiratory support in preterm infants after extubating has better clinical effect,and it is worthy of clinical application.