Objective To study the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity and to analyse the risk factors for ROP. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 776 premature children from January 2015 to September 2015. Results In the 776 premature babies examinaion, 26 cases(54 eyes, 3.479%)developed ROP, including 11 cases (18 eyes) suffering from stage 1,11 cases (22 eyes) from stage 2,2 cases (4 eyes) from stage 3,3cases (6 eyes) from AP-ROP. The results of statistical analysis showed that gestational age, birth weight and oxygen therapy were significantly to ROP. Clinical analysis indicated that prematurity, low birth weight and oxygen therapy were closely related to the occurrence of ROP. Conclusion The incidence of ROP in Huizhou city is 3.479%. The gestational age, birth weight ,intrauterine hypoxia, and maternal prenatal factors such as chronic hypertension with pregnancy are the high risk factors of ROP.